• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2010

각국의 테러대응 관련 법제들을 비교 분석해 본 결과, 테러환경에 능동적으로 대처하기 위해서는 현행의 법령적 근거보다는 상위의 법률적 체제가 필요함이 사료된다. 그리고 상위법에서는 다음의 몇 가지 사항에 대한 구체적인 규정이 포함되어야 할 것이다. 첫째, 테러혐의자의 감시와 관련한 '통신비밀보호법'의 근거에 의해서는 테러정보의 수집 및 감시활동이 불가능하기 때문에 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 국가의 의무적 차원에서 볼 때, 심도 있는 논의가 필요하다. 둘째, '출입국관리법'에 의한 현행 법규로는 테러대응의 관리에 부족한 점이 지적되고 있기 때문에 이를 보완하여 대응 관리해야 한다. 셋째, 현행 '특정금융거래정보의 보고 및 이용 등에 관한 법률'로는 테러자금의 차단이 불가능하기 때문에 테러조직의 자금 차단과 처벌 근거를 마련해야 한다. 넷째, 테러범죄의 처벌은 통상적인 형벌에 의거하고 있는데, 테러행위와 테러단체를 확연히 구분하여 처벌규정을 마련해야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 국가중요시설 및 다중이용시설의 보호를 강화하기 위한 민간경비시스템의 활용이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2006

Given a bill of materials (BOM) tree T labeled by the breadth first search (BFS) order from node 0 to node n and a general network ${\Im}=(V,A)$, where V={1,2,...,m} is the set of production facilities and A is the set of arcs representing transportation links between any of two facilities, we assume that each node of T stands for not only a component. but also a production stage which is a possible stocking point and operates under a periodic review base-stock policy, We also assume that the random demand which can be achieved by a suitable service level only occurs at the root node 0 of T and has a normal distribution $N({\mu},{\sigma}^2)$. Then our integrated model of facility location problems and safety stock optimization problem (FLP&SSOP) is to identify both the facility locations at which partitioned subtrees of T are produced and the optimal assignment of safety stocks so that the sum of production cost, inventory holding cost, and transportation cost is minimized while meeting the pre-specified service level for the final product. In this paper, we first formulate (FLP&SSOP) as a nonlinear integer programming model and show that it can be reformulated as a 0-1 linear integer programming model with an exponential number of decision variables. We then show that the linear programming relaxation of the reformulated model has an integrality property which guarantees that it can be optimally solved by a column generation method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of 7 putative pathogens in endodontic infections. The specimens were collected from infected pulpal tissue of patients who were referred for root canal treatment to the department of conservative dentistry, Chosun University Samples were collected aseptically using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing 500 ml of 1 X PBS. DNAs were extracted from the samples by direct DNA extraction method using lysis buffer (0.5% EDTA, 1% Triton X-100). Identification of 7 putative pathogens was performed by PCR based on 16S rDNA. The target species were as follows : Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola. Our data revealed that the prevalence of P. endodontalis was found in 88.6% (39/54), P. ginivalis 52.3% (23/44), P. nigrescens 18.2% (8/44), P intermedia 15.9% (7/44) B. forsythus 18.2% (8/44), A. actinomycetemcomitans 3.3% (1/44), T. denticola 25% (l1/44) of the samples. The high prevalence of P. endodontalis and P. ginivalis suggests that they may play an important role in the etiology of endodontic infections.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.321-337
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• 2000

Dental caries, one of the most frequent dental disease, become larger because it can be thought as a simple disease. Further more, it can progress to unexpected root canal therapy with fabrication of crown that needs reduction of tooth structure. Base is required in a large caries and ZOE, ZPC, glass ionomer are used frequently as base material. They, with restorative material, can affect the longevity of the restoration. In this study, we assume that the mandibular 1st molar has deep class I cavity. So, installing the 3 base material, 3 kinds of fillings were restored over the base as follows; 1) amalgam only, 2) amalgam with ZPC, 3) amalgam with ZOE, 4) amalgam with GI cement, 5) gold inlay with ZPC, 6) gold inlay with GI cement, 7) composite resin only, 8) composite resin with GI cement. After develop the 3-dimensional model for finite element analysis, we observe the distribution of stress and temperature with force of 500N to apical direction at 3 point on occlusal surface and temperature of 55 degree, 15 degree on entire surface. The analyzed results were as follow : 1. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smallest in case of using GI cement as base material under the amalgam. 2. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smaller in case of using GI cement as a base material than ZPC under gold inlay. 3. Composite resin-filled tooth showed stress distributed over entire tooth structure. In other words, there was little concentration of stress. 4. ZOE was the most effective base material against hot stimuli under the amalgam and GI cement was the next. In case of gold inlay, GI cement was more effective than ZPC. 5. Composite resin has the small coefficient of thermal conductivity. So, composite resin filling is the most effective insulating material.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

Effects of environmental factors of N, P, pH, moisture, temperature and oxygen on growth and nitrogen fixation activity of kummerowia striate (Thunb.) Schindler seedling, bearing symbiotic root nodules, were quantitatively analyzed during the growing period. The specific nitrogenase activity (ARA) of nodules showed the maximum value of 187 μmol C₂H₄g fr wt-1 h-1 6 weeks after seeds were germinated. The total nitrogenase activities per plant attained as 1.56, 0.85, 0.09 and 4.0, 1.11, 0.04 μmol C₂H₄hr-1, respectively for the treatments of 1, 3 and 5 mM NO₃￣and NH₄＋ on the 60th day. While the plant grown in N-free media for 20 days after treatments of 5 mM NH₄+for 40 days resulted in 30 mg fr wt of nodule formation and exhibited the relative activities of 152％ and 162％ for total and specific ARA in comparison with those of control plant grown with N-free for 60 days. Total biomass and ARA was by 70％ and 86％ lower in N and P deficiency, respectively. The N and P deficient plot showed 70％ and 86％ decreases of total biomass and ARA in comparison with those of control. The plant grown with N-free for 20 days after pretreatment with N and P free media for 40 days showed the relative values of 77％, 118％ and 150％, respectively for nodule biomass, total and specific ARA in comparison with those of control. The treatment with acid or alkali gradients resulted in significant decreases of nodule biomass and ARA. The optimum temperature and pO₂for ARA were 30°C and 40 kPa, respectively. Two peaks of diurnal variation appeared at 11:00 and 23:00 o'clocks by the continuous light condition. The plants with water stress by temporary wilting point rsulted in 95~97％ inhibition for nodule respiration, transpiration and specific ARA. Transpiration and ARA ware recovered to 88％ and 38％ of those of water unstressed plants, respectively, 6 hours after the plants were rewatered from water stressed condition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the available alveolar bone height between the maxillary molars and the sinus floor according to their anatomical relationship using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. Methods: A total of 752 maxillary first (M1) and second molars (M2) on CBCT scans of 188 patients were selected. First, each maxillary molar was categorized as type 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the relationship of the molar root with the maxillary sinus floor. The frequency distribution of each type was analyzed. Second, the shortest vertical distance (VD) of each molar was measured from the furcation midpoints of the roots to the lowest point of the sinus floor by 2 observers. Intraclass correlation coefficients and the t-test were calculated for the VD measurements. Results: For M1, type 3 was the most frequent, followed by type 2. For M2, type 3 was the most common, followed by type 1. The VD measurements of type 1 were 9.51±3.68 mm and 8.07±2.73 mm for M1 and M2, and those of type 3 were 3.70±1.52 mm and 4.03±1.53 mm for M1 and M2, respectively. The VD measurements of M2 were significantly higher in female patients than in male patients. Conclusions: Type 3 was the most frequent anatomical relationship in the maxillary molars, and showed the lowest alveolar bone height. This information will help clinicians to prevent complications related to the maxillary sinus during maxillary molar treatment and to predict the available bone height for immediate implant planning.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.157-184
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• 2000

Bromidrosis is a disease which is also called huchou[호격] in the oriental medicine. This disease produces an odor and a small amount of sweat from the axillary area. Prognosis of the disease could possibly get better with age. This can be explained by the fact that its symptoms begin usually when a person reaches puberty and as the person gets old, the symptoms reduce or disappear even when specific treatments are not applied. Although the disease is not lethal, many patients have difficulties in leading a normal and comfortable life, physically and psychologically with this in mind and some osbservations gained from the literature studies on the causes,symptoms, and treatments, I embarked on a study aimed at finding out the therapies. My study on the literature has produced the following results ; 1. In the oriental medicine, hu-chou[호격] means the characteric smell or odor produced from the fox. 2. The literature studies point out two causes in the oriental medicine. One is natural. The other is acquired. Acquired cases have the following causes: shi-re-nei-yun[濕熱內蘊]. xie-뱌-bu-huo[血氣不和], gan-qi-yu-jie[肝氣鬱結]. 3 There are two therapies in the oriental medicine. One is internal and the other external. out of the two, external therapies were mainly used according to the literature studies that I have consulted. 4. According to my study, the most frequently used herbal medicine was Alunitum(明 礬)(45 times), followed by Minium(密陀僧)(39 times) and Moschus(?香)(21 times respectively). 5. My study also found that bian-zheng[辨證] was not .rarely listed on old literatures. Therefore, old literatures did not clearly show how to root out the disease. They only taught now to alleviate the symptoms and remove the characteric odor.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.461-471
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 혼합 모우드 균열문제의 연구를 위하여 .KAPPA.$_{II}$ /.KAPPA.S1I\ulcorner조절이 간편하고, 균열진전경로가 하중방향에 따른 균일전면의 자유표면의 영향을 균일하게 한 시험편(이하 RCM 또는 round compact mixed-mode 시험편이라 한다)을 고안하여 균열길이 및 하중작용 방향에 따른 .KAPPA.$_{I}$ 및 .KAPPA.S1II를 수치해석한 다음 일반화 하였다. 또 고강도와 용접성이 요구되는 항공기부품, 압력용기, 지상운송차량 등에 사용되고 있는 5083-H115 알루미늄 합금에 대해 혼합 모우드 균열진전 방향 및 피로균열 진전특성을 분석하고자 한다.다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2015

Since single-use disposable plastic usage has steadily been increasing, recent trends in polymeric research point to increasing demand for eco-friend materials which reduce plastic waste. A huge amount of non-degradable polypropylene (PP)-based pots for seedling culture are discarded for transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate an eco-friendly biodegradable material as a possible substitute for PP pot. The blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was used because of its good mechanical and flexible properties as well as biodegradation. After landfill, various properties of the blend pot were investigated by UTM, SEM, NMR and TGA. The results showed the tensile strength of the blend film rapidly decreased after 5 weeks of landfill due to degradation. From NMR data after landfill, the composition of PLA in the blend was decreased. These results indicate that the biodegradation of the blend preferentially occurs in PLA component. To investigate the effect of holes in pot bottom and side on root growth, a plant in the pot was grown. Some roots came out through holes as landfill period increases. These results indicate that the eco-friendly pot can be directly planted without the removal of pot.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 부하전류의 급격한 변화에도 안정적인 출력진압을 얻기 위하여 강압쵸퍼의 전압제어 기를 개선하는 방법으로 부하전류 전향보상기를 제시하였다. 제시된 부하전류 전향보상기의 특성을 확인하기 위해 메이슨(Mason)의 이득공식을 이용하여 기존의 전압제어기가 포함된 전체 시스템의 전달함수와 부하전류 전향보상기가 추가된 전체 시스템의 전달함수를 각각 근궤적선도와 보드선도 상에서 비교하였다. 그 결과 시스템의 극점이 개선되고, 공진주파수에서의 첨두값의 크기 및 절점주파수의 위상여유가 양호한 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 제시된 제어기법이 강압쵸퍼의 정상상태 및 동특성을 향상시키고 출력에 나타나는 외란에 의한 영향을 감소시킨 것을 확인할 수 있었다.