• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of dolomite in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PASS) at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. In crop growth at 40 and 80 days after transplanting, elevated application rates of dolomite up to $6.0g L^{-1}$ in three root media increased fresh and dry weights per plant. But the treatment of $9.0g L^{-1}$ had less fresh and dry weights than those of $6.0g L^{-1}$. Tissue phosphorus content decreased and those of Ca and Mg increased by the elevated application rates of dolomite. Elevated application rates of dolomite in three root media resulted in the increase of pH, EC, and the concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg at 43 days after transplanting. Those at 80 days after transplanting were also increased, but the differences among treatments were less significant as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. From the results of dry weight in potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey', the proper application rate of dolomite to three root media containing PASS at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$ were $6.0g L^{-1}$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.387-391
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• 2008

Green tea is popular plants in Asian countries and has become more widespread in western countries due to its taste characteristics and health benefits. Apart from green tea leafs, however, the use of root and seed of green tea tree has not intensively been investigated yet. In this study, the contents of mineral, vitamin, total amino acid, free amino acid, and total polyphenol (catechin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid) of the root and seed of green tea tree were analyzed for the development of healthy foods. For minerals, potassium contents were 1,052 and 1,480 mg/100g-dry weight of root and seed, respectively. The order of mineral contents were as follows: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu in root and K > P > Na > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn in seed. For vitamins, vitamin C contents were 5.72 and 6.05 mg/100g-dry weight of root and seed, respectively. The presence of more various kinds of vitamins were observed in seed than in root. For total amino acids, the contents were 1,651 and 4,335 mg/100g-dry weight of root and seed, respectively. The total amino acid contents of seed and root were higher than those in commercial green tea products. Especially the phenylalanine contents were 16 and 139 mg/100g-dry weight of root and seed, respectively whereas phenylalanine was not found in commercial green tea products. Concerning free amino acids, the bitter tasting amino acids such as arginine, valine and tryptophan were more abundant in root and the sweet tasting ones such as glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, and serine were more abundant in seed. The total polyphenol contents were 237 and 81 mg/100g-dry weight of root and seed, respectively. The polyphenol contents in root were three times higher than that in seed so root may be a better source for antioxidant ingredients than seed. Among many polyphenols, catechin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the top three major components.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.296-300
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• 2013

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied information to develop the cultivation methods and models and to increase the productivity of high-quality ginseng. Plant height was dramatically increased from one year old to four years old, and then it was grown up very slowly. Stem length was shown similar tendency as the plant height did. Its range were from 9.4 cm in one year old to about 42.4 cm in four year-old ginseng. The leaf area was clearly increased until four years old, $10.1cm^2$ in one year old to $204.9cm^2$ in four years old, while it was slightly increased after four years old. Root length was continuously increased from one year old until four years old, and then it was grown up very slowly. Tap root length which was measured was appeared about 8 cm from three years old to six years old, showing not much different among the year-olds. The root diameter was continuously increased from one year old to six year-old ginseng, about 2.9 mm and about 19 mm, respectively. The moisture content was higher on the shoot than that on the root. It was slightly decreased as they were getting old. In shoot part, the rate of leaves and stems based on dry weight was about 1 : 1. In the root, the dry weight of tap root was heavier than that of lateral root. The dry weight of shoot was decreased after four years old, while it of the root was continuously increased until six years old, resulting the production of ginseng root. Based on the results of this study, growth characteristics of shoot and root of ginseng were dramatically increased from one year old to four years old and then their growths were appeared different between shoot and root, showing not much growing in shoot and keep growing in root.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 1988

Root is supposed to be important role in growth and yield formation of soybeans and also there is expected to exist varietal differences between soybean root morphology and system. 30 soybean varieties including 10 Korean recommended, 10 Introduced and 10 Korean native varieties were grown at field and pot under standard culture condition. Top and root characteristics were investigated at V4, R1 and R5 stage and T/R relations, correlations with yield were calculated. Top characteristics showed significant difference between 3 variety groups of Korean recommended, Introduced and Korean native variety. Stem length at R1 stage and stem length, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods and grain yield at R5 stage were significantly different top characteristics. Root characteristics showed significant difference between 3 variety groups were number of thick primary root at V4 stage, primary root angle and root cutting strength at R1 stage, thick root diameter and root dry weight at R5 stage. The correlations between top and root characteristics and soybean yield was greatly different by soybean variety groups, and the top characteristics was more highly correlated then root characteristics. All the top and root characteristics of Korean recommended variety showed no correlations with yield. However, leaf area, stem length, top dry weight in Introduced variety and leaf area, top dry weight, number of nodes, number of thick primary root in Korean native variety were highly correlated with soybean yield.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2004

Hyoscyamine and scopolamine are two most common tropane alkaloids found in the Solanaceae. The pEB expression vector carrying Nspmt gene was transformed to Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The growth of transgenic hairy roots were approximately to 80% of the wild type root. Transgenic hairy roots are less developed on only their branch roots than those of the wild type root. The extracts from Nspmt transgenic hairy root lines, 3 and 5 contained between 3.52 and 4.23 mg/g dry weight as hyoscyamine and did between 5.23 to 6.40 mg/g dry weight as scopolamine. These results showed that the overexpression of the pmt gene enhanced tropane alkaloids production of S. parviflora transformed roots and this improvement affected both hyoscyamine and scopolamine production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1998

Carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning are dependent on relationships between sources and sinks which can be affected by rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Fructan, the major form of stored carbohydrate in tall fescue (festuca arundineacea Schreb.), changes in concentration during growth and in response to the environment. Objectives of this study were i) to examine the content and the composition of carbohydrates in five tissues (mature leaf blade, immature leaf blade, leaf elongation zone, terminal meristem, and root tips) of two tall fescue genotypes, one with high yield per tiller (HYT) and one with low yield per tiller (LYT), and ii) to compare the reserved and utilized carbohydrates among above five different tissues, particularly between the leaf elongation zone and root tips. The established vegetative tillers of the HYT and LYT genotypes were grown in a controlled-environment growth chamber. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in the leaf elongation zone was about 22% of dry weight in the HYT and about 19% in the LYT genotype. The root tip also had high WSC, about 12% of dry weight in the HYT and 6% in the LYT genotype. Hexoses and sucrose were the major components of total WSC in all tissues except the leaf elongation zone. The growing tissues (sinks), i.e., the leaf elongation zone and root tip, had a high proportion of low degree of polymerization fructan, i.e., 3 to 8 hexose units.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2003

The multi-year production cycle for ginseng can be rapidly depreciated by inferior post-harvest activities. This research examines the character of high temperature drying regimes for North American ginseng root to assist management decision making. The objective is a very rapid drying regime, that will not result in physical or chemical damage to the root and that would not alter the actual dry root weight. Research is presented using drying temperatures of 55, 70 and 105 C. Temperatures above these rapidly cause substantive physical damage to the root samples and seriously compromise the dry root values determined. Temperatures below these behaved quite similar to actual dryer regimes (approximately 38 C). Laboratory results indicate that there are differences between the three temperature regimes tested. Careful usage of the 70 C regime, over a period of two to three days in a convection drying oven, has distinct merit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.718-724
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• 1996

Two soybean cultivars, ‘Lee’ and ‘Peking’, were used to evaluate the competition and interaction of rhizobium strains PRC205 (R. fredii, fast-grower) and USDA110 (B. japonicum, slow-grower). Strains were inoculated separately on the root parts of a split-root growth system. Both root sides were inoculated simultaneously with four combinations of strain treatment to evaluate the competition of strains. And to evaluate the interaction of strains one side of split-root system was inoculated a week prior to the other side. Nodule mass and dry weight of the plants were measured 3 weeks after treatments. PRC205 showed no effective nodulation and no competing ability with USDA110 on Lee cultivar, however, contrary results on Peking cultivar. Top dry weight of Lee inoculated with PRC205 was much lower than that of any other inoculation treatments, however, in Peking that with PRC205 was higher than that with USDA110. There were no differences in root dry weight among the inoculation treatments. USDA110 used as primary inoculant suppressed nodule mass of opposite side, secondary inoculant, severely in both cultivars. PRC205 showed same tendency as USDA110 in Peking, but revealed little suppression effects on USDA110 used as secondary inoculant in Lee. USDA110 used as primary inoculant in Lee and PRC205 in Peking showed much more dry weight of soybean plants than that of other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 1999

The effects of earthworm casts as a plant growth media on the growth of orchardgrass seedlings and the changes of physico-chemical properties in worm casts mixture soils were investigated during the growth period of 1998. Worm casts were mixtured with vermiculite, perlite and peat moss, and mixture ratios of worm casts with commercial recommended soil were 100:0(control), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100, respectively. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Plant length(PL) was increased in higher mixture ratios of worm casts and peat moss than those of other mixture ratios of commercial recommended soils. 2. Number of tillers(NT) were significantly increased in mixture ratios of worm casts and peat moss(50:50) and 100% of vermiculite. 3. Root length(RL) was significantly differences between mixture ratios at the worm casts, and the highest value was obtained at all mixture ratios of worm casts and perlite. 4. Dry weight of leaf(LW) was not significantly differences at mixture ratios of 50:50 in all treatments. Especially, between the mixture ratios of worm casts with peatmoss(25:75) and peat moss(75:25) were not significantly differences in dry weight of leaf(LW). The highest value of dry weight of leaf(LW) was obtained at mixture ratios of peat moss and worm casts. 5. Dry weight of tillers(SW) was not significantly differences at mixture ratios of 50:50 in all treatments, and peat moss(75:25) and vermiculite(75:25), respectively. 6. biological yield(BY) at all treatments were increased by yield components of dry weight of tillers(SW), dry weight of root(RW) and length of root(RL). 7. The biological yield of orchardgrass seedlings was greatly increased with mixture ratios of worm casts and peat moss over the 50%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1997

The effect of ceramics in the nutrient solution on the growth of Chinese flat cabbage(Brassica campestris L. var. Tacai) was studied at the favourable root temperature of 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at the greenhouse air temperature of fixed $25^{\circ}C$. Ceramic No. 2 was produced the greatest dry weight, while ceramic No. 3 was lower productive than those of untreatment in each root temperature. Shoot/root dry weight ratio was reduced at treatments with ceramics, which may be explained by rich root growth, and it increased as raising the temperature from 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$ or 35$^{\circ}C$. The treatments of ceramics made lower water content/dry weight($m\ell$/g) ratio of Tacai than untreatment. The electrical conductivity and inorganic matters of ceramics were low level(EC 0.001 -0.03mS/cm). Also, the blue ceramic No. 3 of them had strong antibacteria in LB medium and ceramic treatments was inhibited the rot of solution.