• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2000

In this study, the effects of auxin and casein hydrolysate (CH) on the growth of ginseng hairy root was elucidated. Ginseng hairy root was cultured under light and dark conditions in MS solid and liquid medium with various concentrations of auxin and CH for fifty days. After harvesting the cultures, the fresh and dry weight of cultures were examined, respectively. In the MS solid culture, 1 mg/L of IBA was most effective on the growth of ginseng hairy root under the dark condition, whereas IAA and CH did not affect on the growth of ginseng hairy root. In the MS liquid culture, the growth was maintained regularly by the treatments of IAA and NAA. IBA and CH restrained the growth of ginseng hairy root.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1991

Cultures of hairy root induced from ginseng(Panax C.A. Meyer) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (strain A4, ATCC 15834) were established and morphologically two different hairy root strains (HB1, HB2) were obtained. To determine the optimum growth rate, the hairy root (HB2) was cultured in various liquid medium supplemented with or without plant growth hormone. The growth rate of hairy root cultured on MS medium was 1.3-3.1 times higher than those cultured on other media, and the optimum sucrose concentration and pH were 3-6%, 5.5-6.5, respectively. Also, the growth rate of hairy root was increased when 0.02 M ammonium nitrate, 1.2 mM potassium phosphate (monobasic) and 0.5 mg/l IBA were supplied to liquid medium. The saponin patterns and contents of hairy root (HB2) were determined by TLC and HPLC. The crude saponin contents were 4.67% and the total saponin contents were 1.0%, on dry weight basis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 2002

The optimum culture conditions for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Korea native Scopolia paviflora Nak. were investigated. Hairy root was induced from the rhizome of the mother plant on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Among the culture media examined, 1/2 B5 medium was the best for tropane alkaloid production, whereas the growth of hairy root increased in SH medium. The best result on the growth of hairy root was obtained in 1.0 mg/L NAA, and tropane alkaloid production was obtained in plant growth regulator-free medium. Of the carbone sources tested, 3% sucrose promoted the growth of hairy root, whereas 5% sucrose increased tropane alkaloid production. Optimum inoculum densities for root growth and tropane alkaloid production were 0.5 g and 1 g, respectively. The addition of XAD resins (1 % w/v) to hairy root cultures led to increases in tropans alkaloid production, and the release of alkaloid into the medium and its adsorption by the resin accounted for about 50 to 80％ of total production. It is concluded that optimized culture conditions and the addition of XAD resins could be used in the development of a bioprocess for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of S. paviflora Nak.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2000

Hairy root cultures of Rheum undulatum L. induced by a co-culture with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 were established and the production of tannin in hairy roots was investigated. The growth of hairy roots was maximized in WPM liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg/L IAA, and 3% sucrose (pH 5.7). The highest yields of tannin were obtained from WPM medium containing 0.5 mg/L ABA, and 5% sucrose (pH 5.5). The growth and tannin production in hairy root cultures were influenced by the addition of elicitors to the medium. The addition of 50 mg/L chitosan enhanced the production of tannin with about 1.7 fold.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

Hairy root clones of Panax ginseng were established by selection of some hairy roots formed on the leaf, stem and root segments transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain $A_4$. The transformed roots grew well in MS medium under the dark condition. To confirm the transformation with Ri-T-DNA, dot blot hybridization and opine analysis were Performed. Among four hairy roots induced from different part of ginseng, the HB3 hairy roots were examined for selection of high-saponin-producing clones. Four clones isolated from HB3 hairy root cultures displayed various phenotypes characterized by growth and total saponin content. Maximum growth was obtained for cultures of HB3-10 clone and the content of total saponin was 0.55 wt%. However, higher amount of total saponin was obtained with HB3-2 clone cultures(0.74 wt%) in spite of lower growth. Dot blot hybridization confirmed the introduction of Ri-T-DNA in the plant genome. In the opine test, agropine and mannopine were detected from all hairy root clones.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.372-377
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• 2004

Scopolia parviflora Nakai, a rare and endangered species, is the sole plant producing tropane alkaloids (TA) among the Korean native species. In order to enhance TA productivity the SP72 root line was selected by screening 100 of root line, and the optimal culture media for root growth and TA production were investigated with the SP72 roots. Based on the several media, SH and 2B5 medium were determined as growth medium and White and NN medium as production medium. Among the four combinations of two-stage culture, 2BN (2B5 as growth medium plus NN as production medium) showed more enhanced root growth and TA production as compared with production media of White and NN medium and growth media of SH and 2B5 medium, respectively. However, bubble column bioreactor (BCB) cultures applying two-stage culture did not reveal the effective results despite of the each successful operation of two-stage culture in conical flasks and BCB cultures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2007

Two new compounds lanast-5,8-dien-3β-ol-27-oic acid-3β-D-glucopyranosyl (4'-1'')-10'',11''-dimethoxy anthracene (1), 2-methoxy-6-(n-nonacontan-5'',6''-dionyl)-11-hydroxy-13-methyl-11β-D-rhamnopyranoside anthracene (2) have been isolated from the hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Their structures have been elucidated with the help of 500 MHz NMR using one- and two-dimensional NMR in combination with IR, EI/MS, FAB/MS and HRFABMS spectroscopy.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

Root cultures of Angelica gigas Nakai were found to be sensitive to elicitation by poly-saccharide elicitors, such as methyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin, glucan, carboxymethyl-$\beta$-chitin, chitosan, yeast extract and pectin. For the production of decursinol angelate, ca rboxymethyl-$\beta$-chitin and glucan were found to be the most efficient elicitors. The e nhanced accumulation of decursinol angelate was proportional to the increase of the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity after the treatment with most of the elicitors. However, carboxymethyl-$\beta$-chitin treatment did not stimulate the PAL activity, despite the 1.6-fold increase in the decursinol angelate production.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.448-453
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• 2004

Transformed roots of Schisandra chinensis were obtained following co-cultivation of in vitro cultivated plantlet segments with Agrobaterium rhizogens ATCC15834. This root was examined for its growth and gomisin J contents under various culture conditions. Among the six basal culture media tested, WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) medium supplemented with 5% sucrose was the best roots growth 6.2 (g D.W/flask) and gomisin J accumulation 1.56 $(X10^{-3}\;ug/g\;D.W)$. Initial inoculum size correlated with the yield of biomass while gomisin J contents was not affect. Gomisin J production was influenced by the initial sucrose concentration and the highest production yield was achieved at the concentration of 7%. The optimal shaking speeds for roots growth and gomisin J production was 120 and 140 rpm, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1990

New methods have been developed to transform Panax ginseng with Ri plasmids of Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 and A. rhizogenes A4. Modified leaf disc method was made feasible to establish hairy root culture even when an axonic plantlet was not available as in the case of P. ginseng. The contents of ginsenosides (Rgl, Rf, Rc, Rbl, and Rb2) in hairy roots. were determined by HPLC. Hairy root cultures, established as liquid culture in MS medium, was produced 0.34~1.19% ginsenosides on dry weight basis, and this result is significantly higher level than that of normal P. ginseng.