• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2012

Nowadays, some movie theaters provide additional sensory information in 3D movies to enhance visually induced motion perception. However, no studies have investigated how motion perception increases. Thus, in this study, we examined the effect of visual coherent sensory information on visually induced motion perception and quantification of sensory information. A visual stimulus rotated sinusoidally and visual coherent sensory information were applied as vibrations to a subject's foot. We measured the sway of the subject's body by using a force plate and somatosensory bar rotation that represents the subject's perception of the horizon using an encoder. By using this data, we obtained the weight of the sensory information using a Kalman filter. As a result, it was found that subjects rotated the somatosensory bar more when visual coherent vibrations were applied. The weight of vision also increased when visual coherent vibrations were applied. Thus, we can conclude that visual coherent sensory information tends to enhance visually induced motion perception and weight of vision.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2011

PEMS (printed electro-mechanical system) is fabricated by means of various printing technologies. Passive and active compo-nents in 2D or 3D such as conducting lines, resistors, capacitors, inductors and TFT(Thin Film Transistor), which are printed withfunctional materials, can be classified in this category. And the issue of PEMS is applied to a R2R process in the manu-facturing process. In many electro-devices, the vacuum process is used as the manufacturing process. However, the vacuum process has a problem, it is difficult to apply to a continuous process such as a R2R(roll to roll) printing process. In this paper, we propose an ESD (electro static deposition) printing process has been used to apply an organic solar cell of thin film forming. ESD is a method of liquid atomization by electrical forces, an electrostatic atomizer sprays micro-drops from the solution injected into the capillary with electrostatic force generated by electric potential of about several tens kV. ESD method is usable in the thin film coating process of organic materials and continuous process as a R2R manufacturing process. Therefore, we experiment the thin films forming of PEDOT:PSS layer and active layer which consist of the P3HT:PCBM. The organic solar cell based on a P3HT/PCBM active layer and a PEDOT:PSS electron blocking layer prepared from ESD method shows solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 1.42% at AM 1.5G 1sun light illumination, while 1.86% efficiency is observed when the ESD deposition of P3HT/PCBM is performed on a spin-coated PEDOT:PSS layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2013

2층 FCCL (연성회로기판, Flexible Copper Clad Laminate)에 있어서 폴리이미드 필름과 구리의 접착력을 향상 시키기 위해 기존에 사용되고 있는 Ni-Cr대신 박리강도가 높고 에칭성도 매우 뛰어난 Ni-Mo-Nb 박막을 Roll-to roll 스퍼터 장비를 이용하여 개발하였다. 새롭게 개발된 Ni-Mo-Nb 박막은 기존 연구되어진 Ni-Cr 물질 대비 고온 박리강도 약 1.5~2.0배, 에칭성 8배 이상의 매우 우수한 특성을 보였다. Ni-Mo-Nb 접착층의 두께가 7~40 nm로 증가함에 따라 상온 박리강도가 향상 되는 것을 확인하였다. Ni-Mo-Nb 박막을 증착 하기 전 폴리이미드 기판표면을 RF 플라즈마 전처리 하였을 때 0.67 kg f/cm의 우수한 상온 박리강도를 나타내었으며 FCCL 샘플을 $150^{\circ}C$에서 168시간동안 열처리 한 후 접착력을 측정하였을 때도 0.54 kg f/cm의 높은 고온 박리강도를 보였다. FCCL의 박리강도, 표면 거칠기, 원소들의 화학적 결합, 박막의 미세구조를 peel test, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy를 이용하여 폴리이미드 기판 플라즈마 전처리 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 플라즈마 전처리를 한 폴리이미드 기판의 경우 처리하지 않은 기판보다 상온과 고온에서 더 우수한 접착력을 가지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었는데 이것은 폴리이미드 기판의 표면 거칠기 증가에 의한 mechanical interlocking effect가 아닌 전처리를 통한 폴리이미드 표면 개질로 C-0, C-N와 같은 chemical functional group이 증가했기 때문인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2016

The effects of retail cut type on chemical, quality and nutritional characteristics of horse meat were studied. Jeju female breed horses (n = 9) at 32-mo-old were slaughtered and the carcasses at 24 h post-mortem were fabricated into 10 retail cuts including: tender-loin, loin, strip-loin, shoulder-chuck-roll, shoulder-clod, top-round, outside-round, brisket, short-plate-brisket, and shank. The results revealed that all of parameters (chemical, meat quality and nutritional composition) examined significantly (p<0.05) differed between the cuts. The chemical composition range (minimum to maximum) of cuts was found as such: moisture 65.06% to 71.69%; protein 19.07% to 21.28%; collagen 1.40% to 2.45%; fat 2.56% to 12.14% and cholesterol 55.76 to 79.50 mg/100 g. Shoulder-chuck-roll had the highest pH and water-holding capacity, while top-round had the highest cooking loss. Shear force ranged between the cuts from $2.80kg/cm^2$ to $4.98kg/cm^2$. The Cu, Fe, and Zn contents ranged between the cuts from 1.52 mg/kg to 2.75 mg/kg, 21.25 mg/kg to 30.85 mg/kg, and 16.51 mg/kg to 40.42 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, most of the cuts studied showed favorable polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid, n-3/n-6 and essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid ratios.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.26-37
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• 1998

In this study, the motion control techniques allied to the test ship NARAE are summarized and the results of sea trials are resented. NARAE adopted a hybrid hull form with lower hull and submerged foils. This type of ship has a substantial instability in heave, pitch and roll modes at the foil-borne stage due to little restoring force, so an active control is indispensable to keep the stability. 4-hydraulic actuators with servo valves were installed to drive foils, and several sensors were used to measure the motion of the ship. PID controller was adopted as a motion controller, and for the real-time control, Pentium-class industrial PC was used. Sea trials including take-off, landing, and banked turn maneuvering were carried out for a period of over 3 months and quite satisfactory results were obtained.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory property of horse meat according to meat quality grade (1 and 2) and cuts (loin, chuck roll and top round). The lipid content of loin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in grade 1 (4.65%) compared with grade 2 (2.31%), whereas moisture content was lower (p<0.05) in grade 1 than in grade 2. The pH value was significantly lower (p<0.05) in loin than in other cuts regardless of meat quality grade. Shear force value of loin was significantly different (p<0.05) between grades 1 (5.87 $kg/cm^2$) and 2 (10.86 $kg/cm^2$). Water-holding capacity values of loin, chuck roll and top round were not different (p>0.05) between grades 1 and 2. Meat color values ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) of loin, chuck roll and top round were not different (p>0.05) between grades 1 and 2. Palmitoleic acid of loin in grade 1 (11.39%) was higher (p<0.05) than that in grade 2 (5.36%). Stearic acid of loin in grade 1(3.58%) was lower (p<0.05) than that in grade 2 (7.02%). Overall palatability of loin, chuck roll and top round did not differ (p>0.05) between grades 1 and 2. Therefore, meat quality grade had mainly affected lipid and moisture contents, shear force, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid of horse loin; and horse loin of grade 2 had lower pH and higher $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ than the other cuts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2021

In the present study, numerical simulation was performed to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of a ducted fan-upper/lower vanes system in hover. Sensitivity analysis of aerodynamic forces for a system component was conducted with the deflection angle of upper vanes varying but at the constant rotational speed and the collective pitch angle of fan blades. Then, vane control performance and duct airload distributions were analyzed in detail to physically understand operating mechanisms of individual vane and interference effect between duct and vanes. Finally, new control concept of operating upper vanes has been proposed to improve the control performance of the full configuration. It is found that the side force and rolling moment of upper vanes increase linearly with the variation of those deflection angle; however, the total side force is significantly small due to the reaction force acted on the duct. It is also found that upper vanes close to the duct contraction side have a key role in changing vane control forces. It is revealed that the duct suction pressure is induced by the interaction with the suction side of upper vanes, while duct pressure recovery by the interaction with the pressure side, leading to increase in duct asymmetric force. When four upper vanes are kept in situ at 0° deflection angle or removed, the total control performance was improved with duct asymmetric force reduced and the total magnitude of roll remarkably increasing up to 80%.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.445-452
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• 2017

Electric pole is a supporting beam used for power transmission/distribution which accelerometer are used for measuring a external force. The meteorological condition has various effects on the external forces of electric pole. One of them is the elasticity change of the aerial wire. It is very important to perform modelling. The acceleration sensor is converted into a pitch and a roll angle. The meteorological condition has a high correlation between variables, and selecting significant explanatory variables for modeling may result in the problem of over-fitting. We constructed high deviance explained model considering multicollinearity using the Generalized Additive Model which is one of the machine learning methods. As a result of the Variation Inflation Factor Test, we selected and fitted the significant variable as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, dewpoint, hours of daylight and cloud cover. It was noted that the Hours of daylight, cloud cover and air pressure has high explained value in explonatory variable. The average coefficient of determination (R-Squared) of the Generalized Additive Model was 0.69. The constructed model can help to predict the influence on the external forces of electric pole, and contribute to the purpose of securing safety on utility pole.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2010

In the aging society, the walking assist robot is a necessary device for being able to help the older and the lower limb disabled people to walk. In order to produce a convenient robot for the older and the lower limb disabled, it is needed for the research to detect the implicit walking intention and to control robot by a user's intention. This study is a previous study to develop the detection model of the walking intention and analyze the user's walking intention while a person is walking with Lofstrand crutches, by the combination of FSR and tilt signals. The FSR sensors attached user's the palm and the soles of foot are sensing force/pressure signals from these areas and are used for detecting the walking intention and states. The tilt sensor acquires roll and pitch signal from area of vertebrae lumbales and reflects the pose of the upper limb. We can recognize the user's walking intention such as 'start walking', 'start of right or left foot forward', and 'stop walking' by the combination of FSR and tilt signals can recognize.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.965-972
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• 2016

This paper presents results of flight experiments on a navigation algorithm including multiplicative extended Kalman filter for estimating attitude of the guided munition. The filter describes orientation of aircraft by data fusion with low-cost sensors where measurement update is done by multiplication, rather than addition, which is suitable for quaternion representation. In determining attitude from vector observations, the existing approach utilizes a 3-axis accelerometer as a 2-axis inclinometer by measuring gravity to estimate pitch and roll angles, while GNSS velocity is used to derive heading of the vehicle. However, during accelerated maneuvers such as coordinated flight, the accelerometer provides inadequate inclinometer measurements. In this paper, the measurement update process is newly defined to complement the vulnerability by using different vector observations. The acceleration measurement is considered as a result of a centrifugal force and gravity during turning maneuvers and used to estimate roll angle. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through flight experiments.