• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. Method: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. Result: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to identify the factors associated with the degree of role conflict and the likelihood of exits of the labor force of working wives and to investigate the relationship between the role conflict and job quitting behavior of working wives. The major results of this study are as follows. First, the ratio of reservation wage relative to wife's earnings, wife's earnings, husband's behavioral support, the presence of child under age of 6, the type of occupation, and job satisfaction are associated with the role conflict of working wives. Second, there is a significant difference in the job quitting behavior of working wives according to the degree of role conflict of working wives. Third, the level of role conflict, educational level, the ratio of resonation wage relative to wife's earnings, husband's behavioral support, the presence of child under age of 6, the type of occupation, and job satisfaction are associated with the likelihood of job quitting of working wives.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 1997

The objective of this study were to examine the relationships between clothing design preference, clothing attitude and sex role identity. Using the data collected through interview questions. 200 subjects who were 60years of age and older in Kunsan, Korea, the data were analyzed using $X^2$-test. The results of the study were the followings. 1. The androgynous type liked two button single jacket and the masculine and indifferentiate type three button single jacket, while the femin type liked soutien collar jacket in their woman. 2. The androgynous type' purchase motive was 'enough money' 'finding like clothing' while the masculine type's 'to attend meeting'. The feminine type's motive was 'enough money' and the indifferentiate type 'to attend meeting'. Clothing selection motive was more influenced the androgynous type than the feminine and indifferentiate type by 'design'. 3. The androgynous type felt 'indifferent' for dare clothing of the aging, the masculine type 'hate', the feminine type 'I like to', and the indifferentiate type 'look so good'.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2010

Korea's stone buildings are varied in their types such as stone pagodas, stone lanterns, stone bridges, stoneworks, etc. These account for more than 30% over the entire cultural properties, but research achievements are lacking compared to wooden buildings. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the shape, role and transition of Tapgu, which had been used to set up boundary at a stone pagoda, one of the stone buildings. The 20th stone pagodas, which have relative accuracy in its forming year, have been studied around national treasure or treasure between 7th century and 9th century. There are a lot of different opinions about the role and meaning of Tapgu, and at this writer's option, Tapgu is defined as follows: First, each structure plays a different role. A structure to pass the load in the upper part to the ground can be seen as a stair or a pedestal, but a structure to form double foundations can be considered as Tapgu. Second, Tapgu can be used to divide areas with stones or stepping stones. As a result, the shape, role and transition of Tapgu is as follows: Firstly, when it comes to its shape, Tapgu includes flagstone type, belt type, double foundation type, compound type. Flagstone type had been used to set up boundary at stone pagodas by using foundation stone, belt type by keeping apart from stone pagodas, and double foundation stone by installing dual foundation stones. Secondly, Tapgu is considered to set up boundary in the case of flagstone and plate stone, and acts like a structure which can prevent surrounding area of stone pagoda from coming up while being stuck around stone pagodas. Belt type was installed only for the purpose of forming boundary. At the bottom, double foundation stone had been used to pass the load in the upper part to the ground in the same way as the foundation stone in the upper part, and the boundaries were set varying the size. Thirdly, when it comes to the transition of Tapgu, flagstone type of boundary stone had been installed in the 7th century, and belt type of boundary stone had been mainly installed in the 8th century. And double foundation stone had been installed in the 9th century. Comprehensively, flagstone type and belt type had been made around the 7th and 8th century when Tapgu was regarded important and stone pagoda started to be built. At the turn to the 9th century, the role of Tapgu had been increasingly losing in the construction of stone pagoda, and foundation stone started to appear.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

Autophagy is critical for the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient environment. Autophagy is also involved in systemic metabolic homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to or accelerate the development of metabolic disorders. While the role of autophagy in the global metabolism of model organisms has been investigated mostly using site-specific genetic knockout technology, the impact of dysregulated autophagy on systemic metabolism has been unclear. Here, we review recent papers showing the role of autophagy in systemic metabolism and in the development of metabolic disorders. Also included are data suggesting the role of autophagy in human-type diabetes, which are different in several key aspects from murine models of diabetes. The results shown here support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for the treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload and human-type diabetes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.450-458
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between the type of gender role identity and home environmental variables. Method: This study used a descriptive survey design and convenience sampling. Data were collected through self report questionnaires from 1,497 female high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program, which included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi square test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. Results: The androgyny gender role identity was most common (33.9%). The type of gender role identity had a significant correlation with home environmental variables (economic status, relationship with parents, father's education level, mother's education level. noninterference, reasonable guidance, affection, overprotection, achievement, active involvement, limit setting). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide parent education programs to help female adolescents develop gender role identity toward androgyny.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.255-267
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to examine how clothing pattern preferences vary accod-ing to sex role identity gender and age. Questionnaire of shirt pattern prefere-nces and short form Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to 627 men and women(10's to 40's) in Kwangju City. Sex role identity was classified in androgynous masculine feminine and undifferentiated type. 1. The men liked thick horizon thin check and plaid pattern better than the women while the women small flower one. 2. The 10's liked thick horizon thin check and plaid pattern better than the women while the women small flower one. 2, The 10's liked thick horizon pattern better than the others, 3. On the interaction effect according to gender and age the women in their 30's liked polka dots pattern better than the men while the women in their 10's and 20's liked plaid pattern better than the women in their 30's and 40's 4. On the interaction effect according to sex role identity and age the masculine type in their 30's and 40's disliked small flower pat-tern while the feminine type in their 30's and 40's liked it. The women in their 30's liked small flower pattern while the 10's disliked it more than the others. 5. The androgynous type liked thin check and plaid pattern better than the others. The present findings provide that sex role identity gender and age influenced clothing pattern preferences. Gender and age had sig-nificant interaction effects on the preferences. The traditional connections between sex role identity and flower pattern perferences were confirmed only in the 30's and 40's.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigates whether the effectiveness of self trait-advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement on product evaluations depends on a type of pride felt as ambient emotion. It also explores whether the mediating roles of cognitive and affective response to the effect of the advertisement type on product evaluation are moderated by types of pride such as hubristic pride or authentic pride. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This research uses a restaurant service as the experimental object and employs a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) between-subjects design, with cognitive response and affective response as within-subject. Each experimental group consisted of 40 undergraduate students assigned to participate in the experiment. One questionnaire from the authentic pride and self-trait focused advertisement group and two questionnaires from the hubristic pride and communion-focused advertisement group were removed due to answer errors, resulting in a participant number of 157. The author conducts a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) ANOVA on advertised product evaluations, and to better understand the interaction effects, also conducts separate analysis of the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Additionally, the study conducts mediated moderation analysis to check the mediation role difference of the cognitive response and the affective response to each advertisement on the interaction effects on product evaluations between the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Results - The findings indicate that participants in the hubristic pride group more positively evaluate the product in self-trait focused advertisement, whereas participants in the authentic pride group more positively evaluate the product in communion-focused advertisements. In addition, the mediating role of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation is partially moderated by the pride type. However, the mediating role of affective response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on the product evaluation is not moderated by the pride type. Conclusions - The results of this study contribute to advertisement theory development by exploring interaction effects of ambient pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation, as well as to the theory of consumer behavior by exploring how pride type moderates the mediating roles of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation. From the perspective of the current research, advertisers should research what kinds of events consumers have experienced to increase the effectiveness of their advertisements, and use self-trait advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient hubristic pride, and use communion-focused advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient authentic pride. However, future research is necessary to discover the reasons why the mediating role of affective response to advertisements in the interaction effects of pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation is not moderated by pride type.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.341-347
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• 2012

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, much as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. Extending our work on Reidemeister orbit sets, we improve our theorem for formulae for Nielsen type essential orbit numbers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.561-572
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify gender role identity and stereotypes and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and stereotype among college students. Method: The subjects consisted of 245 college students in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII of Lee, Kim, Koh(2002) and Sex Stereotype scales modified by Kim, Dongil(1999). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, $x^2-test$, Sheffe test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. Result: 1. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent but for female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common. 2. Female students were inclined to oppose traditional sex-role rather than male students. And the over 23 years old group tended to resist traditional sex-roles rather than other aged group. 3. The Androginy typed group had more progressive sex-role compared with undifferentiated typed group. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender role identity and sex stereotype were difference in sex and age. And the androgyny typed group had more progressive sex-role compared with other gender role identity typed group.