• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-85
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• 1993

The purpose of this papel 1s to forecast the llbra~y as an ~ntelligent library and the librarian as a knowledgeeng~neer's type librar~an In the coming '"1st century, and then analyze the [ole and function of the library andIlbrarian. In order to make an intelhgent lib~ary and educate a knowledge eng~neer's type librar~an. the paper 1smade a study of the preparation to recelve the role and funct~on of knowledge engineering and knowledge englneerand IS presented plans for accepting it into the l~hralv and ~ntormation science.tion science.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte with eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm that play an important role in allergic and parasitic diseases. Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, and many studies have examined the relationship between them. In allergic eosinophilic asthma, eosinophils act not only as important effector cells but also as antigen-presenting cells in allergic inflammatory reactions. In nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the airways play an important role in eosinophil activation. Direct methods, including bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and the induced sputum test, are used to evaluate eosinophilic inflammatory reactions in patients with asthma, however, because of difficulty with their implementation, they are sometimes replaced by measurements of blood eosinophils, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and serum periostin level. However, these tests are less accurate than direct methods. For the treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, anti-interleukin-5 preparations such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab have recently been introduced and broadened the scope of asthma treatment. Although eosinophils are already known to play an important role in asthma, we expect that further studies will reveal more details of their action.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-299
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• 1990

The organization of nursing department Significantly effects the hospital management. Especially, The head nurse is one of the most important position because head nurse is a first-line manager in the hospital level, a middle manager in nursing service organizations level and the top manager in each nursing unit level. This study was attempted to show the ideal model and nile by compare head nurses' role perception with staff nurses' role expectation according to two types of hospital. The survey was conducted among 94 head nurses and 233 staff nurses who are working at 5 different University Hospitals over 600 beds and 93 head nurses and 218 staff nurses Who are working at 12 different General Hospitals between 100∼300 beds in Seoul. The data was collected in a period from 8th September to 13th October in 1989 and the instrument used for this study was based on Han's one and reffered back to many literary sources and revised. The collected data was analysed by computer using S.P.S.S. program as a Mean, Percentage, Cronbach's alpha, Chi-Square, t-test and ANOVA. 1. The study was compared to the difference of the two subject group's general characteristics according to a type of hospital. As a relult, there were significant differences in age, educational background and career. 2. This Study was compared to the difference of the two subject group's role perception and role expection about each question according to a type of hospital. The result of this comparisons as follows : First, These were the most important issue between both groups : “Head nurse has to know about her staff's events and problems and then help them to solve that promptly.” Second, These were the least important issue between both groups : “Head nurse has an interview with patient's family and visitors”, “Head nurse is interested in her staff's privacy.” 3. This study was compared to the differences of each role areas according to a type of hospital. As a result, there were no significant differences both two subject groups except nursing manager role in staff nurses' group(t＝-2.893, df＝449.0, p＝0.004). 4. This study was tested to the difference of the two subject groups according to general characteristics. As a result, All of that there were no significant differences.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the role and role burden of caregivers with hospitalized children. Methods: The participants included 149 main caregivers from two pediatric hospitals whose children have been hospitalized for at least 2 days at children's hospital. The data were collected from August 1 to september 30, 2013 using self-report questionnaires of checklist type for caregivers' role and Likert scale for role burden. Results: Role for hospitalized children showed that personal hygiene was the highest, and consultation with nurses and doctors was the lowest in total frequency per day. Of the role for the caregivers themselves and family, personal hygiene was the highest, and home management was the lowest. The degree of role burden perceived by hospitalized children's caregivers was the slightly high. Of the categories, emotional burden was the highest and dependent burden was the lowest. There were differences by caregivers' age, children's age, and children's health status. Conclusion: The caregivers performed various roles, especially more frequently on personal hygiene and nutrition for their hospitalized children and themselves and family, and had slightly high role burden. These results may contribute to develop nursing interventions that can help adapt on hospitalization of children and their caregivers.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.122-158
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• 1998

This study empirically examined different patterns of collaborative R&D project with their key success factors(KSFs), using data from 82 projects in the Korean electronic parts industry. The patterns of R&D collaboration were categorized into 4 types by two criteria development motive(technology Push/market pull) and Project initiator (focal firm/partner). The bivariate relationships revealed that project characteristics (technological complexity, market uncertainty), management characteristics (participation in project formulation), problem solving characteristics(problem solving performance of the focal firm, users active role in problem solving, active role of university or research institute in problem solving) and success rates appear to be different among four types of collaboration. Each type of collaborative R&D projects also had different KSFs. The KSFs of type 1 (technology Push and focal firm initiation), for instance, include the strategic importance of the project, focal firms share of cost, active role of university or research institute in problem solving, while those of type 4(market pull and customer initiation) cover reliability of partner relationship, a time at partners involvement, information sharing. The findings suggest that the different contingencies brought different patterns and KSFs of collaborative R&D project, since different information, resources, and partners roles were needed to successfully implement the projects according to development motive and project initiator Finally, managerial, policy, and theoretical implications for the collaborative R&D activities in the Korean electronics parts industry were discussed, based on empirical results of this study.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder. NF1 patients are predisposed to formation of several type solid tumors as well as to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Loss of NF1 results in dysregulation of MAPK, PI3K and other signaling cascades, to promote cell proliferation and to inhibit cell apoptosis. The RUNX1 gene is associated with stem cell function in many tissues, and plays a key role in the fate of stem cells. Aberrant RUNX1 expression leads to context-dependent tumor development, in which RUNX1 may serve as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in specific tissue contexts. The co-occurrence of mutation of NF1 and RUNX1 is detected rarely in several cancers and signaling downstream of RAS-MAPK can alter RUNX1 function. Whether aberrant RUNX1 expression contributes to NF1-related tumorigenesis is not fully understood. This review focuses on the role of RUNX1 in NF1-related tumors and blood disorders, and in sporadic cancers.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and its pathogenesis is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is key to understanding the pathogenesis of DN, which can develop in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of glucose and lipids in renal cells, resulting in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, intracellular hypoxia, and inflammation, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that dysregulation of 50 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that plays a principal role in cell growth and cellular energy homeostasis, in relevant tissues is a key component of the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus; thus, targeting this enzyme may ameliorate some pathologic features of this disease. AMPK regulates the coordination of anabolic processes, with its activation proven to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in insulin-resistant animal models, as well as demonstrating mitochondrial biogenesis and antitumor activity. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of DN and offer suggestions for feasible clinical use and future studies of the role of AMPK activators in this disorder.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 1998

This study is to find the relation between role performance on employed wives and husbands in family and family life contribution family life satisfaction and to found out variables which influence them. The samples were selected from the employed wives with children more than one in Seoul. Among 900 respondents 684 employed wives were finally selected as data. The major results are as follows: 1) Their husbands' role performance was affected by the level of communica-tion support from family members to their employment and that their own role performance was affected by the level of sex role attitude the level of communication degree of resourcefulness recognition and support from family members to their employment. 2) They contribution to family life was affected by type of wive's occupation sex role attitude job satisfaction husbands' role as spouse performance wive's role as spouse performance parent's role and economic role. 3) Influential variables on the degree of famil life satisfaction were income the level of communication the degree of resourcefulness recognition support from family members to their employment job satisfaction wive's role as parent and contribution to self·child-care However their contribution to housework was adversely affected family life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.153-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to examine the leisure activities of housewives, to identify the factors that influence leisure activities, and to explore the factors contribute to their life satisfaction. So, this study analyses the effects of econo-demographic and socio-cultural variables and of leisure constraint factors on the leisure activities of housewives. And it deals with how these variables and the leisure activities influence life satisfaction of housewives. For these puoposes, 508 housewives residing in Seoul & Daegu were selected for interviews. For data analysis such statistical methods as ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation, adn Multiple Regression Analysis can be summarised. The main findings of the research are as follows: 1. Leisure acivities are classified in Self-developmental, Home-oriented, Time-consuming, Social and Children-concerned types by the technique of factor analysis. The average particiation level was high in Time-consuming type, but low in Self-developmental type. 2. The participation level of leisure activities shows significant differences by selected variables: The Self-developmental type shows significant differences by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, role orientation, home management type and leisure constraints. And Children-concerned type was differed to number of family nember, number of children, age of housewife and age of housewife and age of the youngst child. 3. The preference level of leisure activities differ by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, home management type and leisure constraints in the Self-developmental and the Social type. And the preference level of Home-oriented leisure activities was high in the middle class of income and husband's occupation. 4. The preference and participation level of leisure activities show differences. And the variables affecting the differences were housewife's age, education level, home management type, role orientation, leisure constraint factors in the Self-developmental type, and were demographic variables such as number of family member, housewife's age in the Home-oriented type. 5. The variables which affected the level of life satisfaction independently were leisure space, income, the participation level of the Self-developmental and the Social type and the preference level of the Self-developmental type.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: This study intends to investigate gender role identity and egalitarianism consciousness among adolescents and to determine the relationship between the two factors. Method: Data were collected from 376 middle and high school students in U City. Tools used were the Korean Sexual Role Identity (Kim, J. H., 2005) and the Gender Egalitarianism Consciousness among Adolescents (Kim, 2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference between boys and girls in sender role identity. Boys' gender role identity was different according to school grade (t=-3.19, p= .00), frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.28, p= .02) and girls' according to religion (t=-2.24, p= .03) mother's job (F=3.59, p= .02), father's education level (F=3.20, p= .04), mother's education level (F=3.24, p= .04), family harmony (F=7.28, p= .00), and frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.41. p= .02). There was significant difference in egalitarianism consciousness according to sender (t=-12.70. p= .00) Boys' egalitarianism consciousness was different according to school type (t= .02, p= .00) and father's education level (F=4.97, p= .02), and girls' according to school grade (t=-4.21 p= .00), school type (t=-3.12, p= .00), father's level of education (F=3.78. p= .02), decision maker of important domestic matter (F=4.95, p= .00) and frequency of mother's hugging (t=2.53, p= .01). In Girls, sexual role identity and sender egalitarianism consciousness were significantly correlated with each other (r= .01, p= .04). Conclusion: Through the study, it was found that boys' concern for sexual equality of was remarkably lower than girls. Therefore, it is necessary to offer curriculums for boys and to start social education for parents.