• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.154-154
• /
• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.154-154
• /
• 2003

The primary routes of drug administration include oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intravenous dosing for toxicological risk assessment purpose in dog. There has been an increase applying transdermal patches as an alternate method for systemic delivery. The present study was performed to establish the transdermal delivery method of medicated ointment, liquid and powder material to beagle dog.(omitted)

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2002

Background: Although Tat plays a role as a potent transactivator in the viral gene expression from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 long terminal repeat (HIV-1 LTR), it does not function efficiently in rodent cells implying the absence of a human specific factor essential for Tat-medicated transactivation in rodent cells. In previous experiments, we demonstrated that one of chimeric forms of TAR (transacting responsive element) of HIV-1 LTR compensated the restriction in rodent cells. Methods: To characterize the nature of the compensation, we tested the effects of several upstream binding factors of HIV-1 LTR by simple substitution, and also examined the role of the configuration of the upstream binding factor(s) indirectly by constructing spacing mutants that contained insertions between Sp1 and TATA box on Tat-mediated transactivation. Results: Human Sp1 had no effect whereas its associated factors displayed differential effects in human and rodent cells. In addition, none of the spacing mutants tested overcame the restriction in rodent cells. Rather, when the secondary structure of the chimeric HIV-1 TAR construct was destroyed, the compensation in rodent cells was disappeared. Interestingly, the proper interaction between Sp1 and TATA box binding proteins, which is essential for Tat-dependent transcription, was dispensable in rodent cells. Conclusion: This result suggests that the human-specific Tat cofactor acts to allow Tat to interact effectively in a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes Tat, cellular factors, and TAR RNA, rather than be associated with the HIV-1 LTR upstream DNA binding factors.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2001

We performed to evaluate the safety of GMOs for a long term exposure in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, groups often or fifteen SD rats were fed one of the following four diets for 90 days: (1) AIN-76A rodent diet only; (2) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically modified soybean from USA; (3) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from USA; (4) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from Korea. The effects of AIN-76A rodent diet containing genetically modified soybean on body weights, food uptake, water consumption, hematology, serum bio-chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross findings and histopathological findings were not significantly different, compared with others. Taken together, these results suggested that genetically modified soybean did not induce any toxic effects in rats treated for 90 days.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1994.07b
• /
• pp.1354-1356
• /
• 1994

In order to protect cable from rat's biting, a development of rodent repellent is described. This cable has double coated sheath such as construction of skin layer over the conventional cable sheath. Stabilized rodent repellent agent which has good compatibility with PVC is employed in a skin layer. Rodent repellent layer has highly residual properties of agent through the manufacturing process, and meets the general requirements of cable sheath. Also, rat repellent effect is excellent.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.46 no.8
• /
• pp.461-469
• /
• 2023

The tail of the striatum (TS) is located at the caudal end in the striatum. Recent studies have advanced our knowledge of the anatomy and function of the TS but also raised questions about the differences between rodent and primate TS. In this review, we compare the anatomy and function of the TS in rodent and primate brains. The primate TS is expanded more caudally during brain development in comparison with the rodent TS. Additionally, five sensory inputs from the cortex and thalamus converge in the rodent TS, but this convergence is not observed in the primate TS. The primate TS, including the caudate tail and putamen tail, primarily receives inputs from the visual areas, implying a specialized function in processing visual inputs for action generation. This anatomical difference leads to further discussion of cellular circuit models to comprehend how the primate brain processes a wider range of complex visual stimuli to produce habitual behavior as compared with the rodent brain. Examining these differences and considering possible neural models may provide better understanding of the anatomy and function of the primate TS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.479-495
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Rodent models have emerged as an alternative to established larger animal models for peri-implantitis research. However, the construct validity of rodent models is controversial due to a lack of consensus regarding their histological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. This systematic review sought to validate rodent models by characterizing their morphological changes, particularly marginal bone loss (MBL), a hallmark of peri-implantitis. Methods: This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed electronically using MEDLINE (PubMed), and Embase, identifying pre-clinical studies reporting MBL after experimental peri-implantitis induction in rodents. Each study's risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed for the difference in MBL, comparing healthy implants to those with experimental peri-implantitis. Results: Of the 1,014 unique records retrieved, 23 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Peri-implantitis was induced using 4 methods: ligatures, lipopolysaccharide, microbial infection, and titanium particles. Studies presented high to unclear risks of bias. During the osseointegration phase, 11.6% and 6.4%-11.3% of implants inserted in mice and rats, respectively, had failed to osseointegrate. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis of the linear MBL measured using micro-computed tomography. Following experimental peri-implantitis, the MBL was estimated to be 0.25 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.36 mm) in mice and 0.26 mm (95% CI, 0.19-0.34 mm) in rats. The resulting peri-implant MBL was circumferential, consisting of supra- and infrabony components. Conclusions: Experimental peri-implantitis in rodent models results in circumferential MBL, with morphology consistent with the clinical presentation of peri-implantitis. While rodent models are promising, there is still a need to further characterize their healing potentials, standardize experiment protocols, and improve the reporting of results and methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 2003

The comet assay has been recently validated as a sensitive and specific test system for the quantification of DNA damage. with 11 substances that demonstrated positive results in at least one test among 4 standard short-term genotoxicity tests, and to evaluate its ability to predict rodent carcinogenicity.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2017

The first case of liver infection caused by Sphingomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. in a wild rodent is reported. A captured wild rodent, Apodemus agrarius (A. agrarius), presented with multiple liver abscess-like nodules (diameter 0.7~2.4 mm) in which Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli were detected simultaneously. These were grown in aerobic and anaerobic cultures, respectively, and were identified as Sphingomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively, according to 16S rRNA sequencing.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.20
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 1974

A survey on rodent damage to ripening rice was conducted in Sep.-Oct. in 1973 in order to indentify the habitat type which has the greatest influence on rodent populations and damage problems. Total 109 paddies were examined in three geographical regions in central part of Korea including Kangwon and Kyoungki Provinces, which represents mountainous, coastal and rice plain lands. Sample paddies were selected according to the neighboring or surrounding habitats as farm villages, upland-crop fields, grassy river banks, forests and rice plains. Snap trapping was also conducted in each of habitats. In April, 1974, field trips were taken to representative parts of Korea visiting farmers and rural guidance officers involving more than 100 people for the information of existing local problems. The general damage of rice was considerably low in 1973 averaging $63\%$ in early ripening varieties and $0.26\%$ in standard varieties, white the average lost in 1971 was $14.2\%$ in early ripening varieties and $2.7\%$ in standard varieties. But the most of severe damages was occurred within 50 meters (practically none beyond 100m) of farm villages, caused mainly by Norway rat (Rattus rottfus Caraco) and striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). The examples of existing local problems confirmed that the rodent damage to field crops is closely associated with rodent populations that have survived the winter in and around farm houses and buildings.