• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.9-13
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• 1972

This report deals with lead and zinc contamination of roadside soil and plants caused by motor vehicles as a function of distance from the road edge. The concentrations of Pb and Zn in roadside soil and plant samples from several locations decrease regularly with increasing distance from traffic. Soil samples up to 24m distance from the road edge are contaminated with more than 12.99ppm lead, and 13.40ppm zinc. The decrease in Pb and Zn contamination with increasing distance from the road is characteristically curvilinear; the relative coefficiency of Pb and Zn with distance is -0.69, -0.48, respectively. The average contents of Pb and Zn in plants are 21.5ppm and 30.00ppm. It is suggested that the contamination is related to the composition of gasoline, motor oil and to roadside of the residues of this metals.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.107-110
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• 1976

This study was carried out to investigate lead contamination in the leaves of roadside trees and the cause of yellow-brown symptom of leaves in Jinju and Daegu city. After the leaves were collected and dried in 105$^{\circ}C$ drying oven from September to October in 1974, the samples were used for analysis of the lead contents in 1976. The roadside trees in the two cities were mostly the four kinds of Ginkgo biloba L., Thuja orientalis L., Platanus orientalis L. var. acerifolia AIT. and Prunus pseudo-cerasus $LINDL{\times}Prunus$ subhirtella MIQ. The lead contents in the leaves of roadside trees in Daegu city was higher than that of Jinju city. The lead contamination of the evergreen trees of roadside was higher than that of the deciduous trees. In Jinju city the site of the highest contents of lead in the leaves was revealed with Jinju station(0.73ppm), the next site was revealed with the road(0.16ppm) between Namgang bridge and Jinju middle school, and the lowest site was generally beside the roads of suburbs (0.07ppm). Because of the low contents of lead in the leaves, it was found that the yellow-brown symptoms of leaves were not caused by the lead toxicity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2005

This study is carried out for obtaining the basic materials for presentation of creation and desirable management of urban roadside trees through analyse the existence effect of trees on people who operate th commercial areas along the streets. Roadside tree and green areas are recognized comfort space in addition to simple planting area. Therefore various trees and flowering plants should be introduced in addition to roadside facilities for convenience. Planted roadside trees should be maintained. We will propose an method that residents plant and manage the trees and flowering plants on the two lane of one way road. However main lines more than four lane of one way have more public property beside the residents space. Therefore these should be maintained mainly by related government agencies.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

The uniformity of lighting distribution on the roadway is essential factor for drivers and pedestrians's safety during nighttime in urban streets. Also, the importance of roadside trees is one of the growing concern for better citizens' health and mitigating environmental impact on the urban street. But roadway lightings and roadside trees have different design or planting standards and they are not integrated in the systemic viewpoint for better safety of users during nighttime. The purpose of this study is to propose a simulation approach which assesses lighting quality in the view of illumination uniformity distribution of roadway lighting from design step and consider the layout of roadside trees. For improving lighting quality of roadway, simulation approach is needed for assessing the impact of diverse planting situation of trees and encouraged from beginning of design step for roadway construction.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2013

In recently, a growing concern for the health of urban residents increased interests in a variety of outdoor activities simply be done in terms of cost and time. They are specially interested in low-impact and safe exercises around residential or working area. Walking is the one of easily doing exercise in daytime or nighttime near residential area. The sidewalks of boulevard near the residential area is the best place for exercise because of easy access and the green space with roadside trees. However, if the nighttime is not guaranteed the proper lighting condition, the possibility of exposure to crime and the threat to pedestrian safety can be increased. Because roadside trees are one of the potential obstacle for lighting condition, supplementary lightings are important to mitigate interruption for safety. To meet such a need, the purpose of this study is to propose a simulation approach which improves lighting condition on sidewalks of boulevard with variety of roadside trees. To do so, the simulation approach is applied for analyzing the interrupted condition by classified five standard types of roadside trees considering the growth of them and finding optimal layout of supplementary luminaires by lighting types. The results of this approach shows that it is useful for assessing the safety of pedestrian in nighttime.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.993-998
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• 2017

De-icing salts applied to roads during winter enable safe driving conditions. However, these salts are eventually displaced to roadside areas at which they can negatively impact soil, vegetation, and water resources. This purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between foliar damage ratio (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) on roadside trees (Ginko biloba) and seasonal impact of de-icing salts on soil and vegetation. Thirty roadside trees were selected at 8 m intervals between the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The results reveal that seasonal soil acidity is relatively alkaline for foliar damage ratio of Ginko biloba was CY compared to NY. Also, electronic conductivity of each seasonal sampling was recorded as high in winter and spring, whereas the opposite trend is observed in summer. Various plants species were identified in abundance under roadside trees within NY roadside sections. These same species were observed in reduced numbers within CY sections. Strong negative correlations were identified between foliar damage ratio on roadside trees and vegetation. This relationship may be a method to use in predicting the accumulation of de-icing salt and visible injuries on roadside trees.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.471-477
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• 2022

This field experiment aimed to identify the optimal planting density for establishing a management plan for ground-cover plants under roadside trees. Liriope platyphylla and Hosta longipes both widely used for planting under trees were selected as the plant materials and planted under Prunus serrulata var. spontanea at different planting densities. Based on the distance between each plant, 4 planting densities were used: 11%, 25%, 49%, and 83% with three replications. To estimate plant growth, plant height, number of leaves and tillers, fresh and dry weight, and visual quality were investigated. Liriope platyphylla exhibited relatively better growth at the highest planting density of 83%. For Hosta longipes, however, the lower growth was positively correlated with high planting density. Therefore, the optimal planting density for Liriope platyphylla is 83% and for Hosta longipes is 11%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Use of de-icing salts results in accumulation of high concentrations of ions on roadside soils and tree. The purpose of this study isto determine translocation of seasonal impact of exchangeable cations originating from de-icing salt on roadside surface soil-plant influenced by the intensity of foliar damage (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) of trees. This paper investigated the concentration of four exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$) on the roadside surface soil. The tree (Ginko biloba) samples were collected from the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The sequential extraction procedure was applied to 120 soil samples of the soilsurface and 30 tree samples. Four cation exchange ions were determined by ICP-OES. The content of four exchangeable cations present on roadside soil was found to be the lowest in NY but highest in CY from tree pits in the order of NY < SY < CY. Especially, the results were apparent during spring time compared to other seasons. Soil collected from tree pits had the highest concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ possibly due to a higher volume of traffic on those streetsresulting in splashing of more calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$). The analysis of three exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Na^+$) in the tree leaves revealed higher levels than roadside surface soil when foliar damage ratio increased in the order of NY < SY < CY in summer. In addition, a strong positive linear relationship was observed between the concentration of exchangeable cations in soil and trees. It is hypothesized that the results of this study can be a valuable baseline for managing de-icing salt on roadside soil and trees, in order to mitigate the salt stress that can damage the roadside soil and trees.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.369.2-369.2
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• 2002

Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) is a well known perennial plant. which is called So-Ri-Jaeng-Yi. growing in the field and on the roadside. It has been used as a Korean Folk medicine in treating of acute and chronic cutaneous disease. cathartics, fever and jaundice. Also, the seed of this plant has been used as only a folk medicine for the treatment of digestion problems, liver diseases and many sorts of tumor. So we examined analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activities and hepatoprotective activity using MeOH extraction and BuOH fraction in this plant. (omitted)

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2016

In this study, the contents of dust and associated heavy metals on roadside plants were investigated to assess their foliar transfer. The study was conducted at six different locations (four roadside and two industrial) near an industrial area in Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), India. Six metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) were examined in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in foliar dust were found to be in the order of Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. However, this relative order changed in the case of leaf concentrations to Fe>Mn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr. The metal concentrations in the dust and leaves can be attributed mainly to industrial and vehicular emissions. In contrast to other metals, Cd showed significant accumulation in the leaves compared to the respective dust samples. This study showed different patterns in the distributions of heavy metals between the dust deposited on the leaves and the metal accumulated in the leaves. These results suggest that the dust retention and heavy metal accumulation in native plant species should be explored in an attempt to manage these hazardous metallic elements.