• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2015

River channel dredging and riparian development have been influenced morphology and quantity of natural river habitat. We compared distribution of riverside land and alluvial island in the Nakdong River with field survey and remote sensing analysis after the 4 Large River Project in South Korea. We digitized geomorphological elements, includes main channel, riverside land, and alluvial island by using georeferenced aerial photos taken in pre-dredging (2008) and post-dredging (2012) periods. Field survey was followed in 2012 for a ground truth of digitized boundaries and identification of newly constructed wetland types such as pond, channel, branch, and riverine type. We found that during the dredging period, riverside land and alluvial island were lost by 20.2% and 72.7%, respectively. Modification rate of riverside land was higher in the section of river kilometer 50~90, 140~180, and 210~270. Alluvial island had higher change rate in the section of river kilometer 50~70, 190~210, and 270~310. Average change rate for the riverside land and alluvial island was $-1.02{\pm}0.14km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$ and $-0.05{\pm}0.05km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$, respectively. Channel shaped wetlands (72.5%) constituted large portion of newly constructed wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2006

From the mid-nineteenth century, Korean have emigrated to Tumen riverside. Their communities have different characters in accordance with the time, intention, and birthplace of emigrants who inclined to keep their fradifin and culture. There are many causes about the formation of communities influenced by Dynasty's Policy in 1885, one of the reasons is to approve Han Min Zhuan Ken Di Qu(legal land development right for Korean immigrants), and provide land development district for Korean immigrants in the north region of Tumen river from 1885. In Tumen riverside, 69 Ferry and wade viuaces have existed for more than 90 years By and large, 21 communities and distributed in He-Long city, 28 communities in Long-Jing city, and 10 communities in tu-men city, and 10 communities in Hun-Chun city.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Riverside forests make a river bank stable because trees of them hold together the stone and soil by roots and decrease the speed of running fluid by trunks. So they become known to have positive effects on flood prevention. So This study will be a basic study to preserve and restore of riverside forests. The goal of this study is to classify types of Han riverside forests between Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun. and find out sites of planting. Results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation indicators were set up based on literature review and site survey. Two indicator categories were developed: natural environment and human environment. And they were divided into 5 sub-categories for calculating weights. As for the major indicator categories, the weighted index of natural environment is at 0.5. And the weighted index of human environment is at 0.5 followed by access at 0.15, the range of user at 0.15, cultivated land at 0.1 and legislation at 0.1. This study selected 53 sites for riverside forests planting. They were classified with types of bank(11), level-upped riverside(32), island(10). The amount of the length of 11 bank types is 23,050m, the area of 32 level-upped riverside types is $4,490,000m^2$ and the area of 10 island types is $4,590,000m^2$. After the evaluation of 53 riverside forests, this study selected 12 sites of riverside forests. They were two bank types, nine level-upped riverside types, and one island type. Rebuilding riverside forests are to accomplish the green network which links and divides region. It will be one of the best ecological methods to construct friendly environmental region.

• Korean Architects
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• s.575
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• pp.114-117
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• 2017

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Development of housing, industrial and public lands has been a cause to increase a temperature of a city higher than that of a rural area. Knowing that, the research analyzed temperature changes in a riverside district and a coastal area depending on the land usage and climate change in the areas. Add to this, the study examined a correlation between topographic characteristics and temperature changes. According to the results, the temperature was increased by $1.80^{\circ}C$ in 2007 comparing to 2003 while the wind velocity was reduced by 0.24m/s. In addition, a more number of areas were designated as build-up areas which, in return, decreased the forested land. The analysis on the correlation reported that the riverside district has more of grassland and bare land while the coastal area has more of wooded land and grassland. The study is expected to be used as fundamental data for research on heat island effect which would be different by each regional characteristic as it proposes measures to solve the heat island effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1995

Actinomycetes occur in a wide range of environments and many more actinomycetes remain to be detected in the natural environment. In isolation stages, selection of the environment as a source of useful isolates is important. Two hundred and eighteen strains were isolated on Bennet's agar and 346 strains were on humic acid-vitamin agar from five each paddy field, field, forest, grass land, riverside soil samples. These isolates were identified to the genus level based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Among them, 386 strains were Streptomyces, 49 strain were Nocardia, 35 strains were Microbispora and Micromonospora each, 15 strains were Nocardiopsis, 13 strains were Actinomadura, 10 strains were Streptosporangium, and the others were isolated rarely. According to soil type, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Microbispora and Streptosporangium were dominant in paddy field, Microbispora Nocardia, Nocardioides and Micromonospora were dominant in field, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Microbispora and Actinomadura were dominant in grass land, Nocardia, Micromonospora and Microbispora were dominant in forest, Nocardia, Microbispora and Micromonospora were dominant in riverside. Generally, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Microbispora and Actinomadura were isolated in all kinds of soils, Streptosporangium were paddy field, Dactylosporangium were forest, Nocardiopsis were field, forest and riverside.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.467-479
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• 2013

This study was conducted to find out characterization of spatial distribution of birds observed in river areas. Our bird survey was carried out 4 times at 31 sites from January to September in 2011. A total of 1,609 accumulated individuals belonging to 59 species, 28 families and 11 orders were observed. In the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis using the richness index of the maximum counts of each sites, we confirmed that the distribution of birds in Namdaecheon river was clustered and the tendency of spatial autocorrelation was apparent. The area of each sites within a 200m radius was classified in four biotope categories such as agricultural land, forest, residential area and water area, and the spatial autocorrelation was analysed about four types. In the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis for four biotope categories, all types were showed the positive spatial autocorrelation, but the type of water area was higher than other types. The positive correlation was found between the water area and water birds in statistical significance. However, the forest birds had non-significance values. Therefore, it is appropriate to focus on water birds except for forest birds, when researches of bird distribution in river ecosystem is conducted. The number of bird species and individuals increased as the riverside of water area was to widen. Thus, if the areas of riverside offering the feeding and roosting area increase, it will be accommodated many birds. Also, the areas of riverside should be maintained naturally because it is an important habitats of birds. Our study area is on the outskirts the city of higher rates of forest and agricultural land, it may be unreasonable to apply our results to the whole rivers. If the research about the river flowing around the city will be conducted, it is expected to be useful to the relation study area such as ecological river's restoration.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

The goal of this paper is to determine the suitability evaluation indices of a riverside reservoir space planning by classifying major indicators and calculating AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) based weights of them. The major indicators were set up based on literature review and questionnaire survey to experts. Four indicator categories were developed: location, environment, resource availability and economical efficiency. And they were divided into 12 sub-categories for calculating AHP-based weights. First, as for the major indicator categories, the calculation shows that the weighted index of environment is the most important at 0.458, followed by location at 0.128, economical efficiency at 0.170 and resource availability at 0.154. This suggests that environment is getting more public attention and the reservoir is regarded as a facility that is connected to a river. Those weight values were considered in calculating final weights for each of 12 sub-categories. Among them water quality and ecological environment take top ranks at 0.190 and 0.186, respectively. The lower ranks include access 0.112, resource availability of site 0.082, tourism resource 0.078, users 0.076, available land 0.052, area of site 0.031, shape of site and deterioration level 0.030 and percentage of private land 0.030 - which represents general considerations in other space planning. The difference of the top rank (water quality, 0.190) and the last one (percentage of private land, 0.027) is 0.163. The above result shows that users regard environmental aspect and resource availability more important than easiness of construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.84-101
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• 2004

This study presents an ecological management plan for wildbird habitat conservation, an nature-friendly enhancement of bio-diversity using the riverside of the Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area in Seoul by analyzing environmental and ecological characteristics. As a result of analyzing actual vegetation, vegetation type was classified into 34 types. Humulus japonicus association covers an area of 441,568.6㎡(31.44％), and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis association covers an area of 89,690.1㎡(6.39％). Sandy plain as valuable wildbird habitat covers an area of 89,965.9㎡(6.4％). 125 taxa including 34 families, 93 genera, 107 species, and 18 varieties were recorded and the number of naturalized plants were 41 taxa at the survey site. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 32.8％, and 15.5％. As a result of analyzing the herb plants association structure by surveying 8 belt-transects, the humid native plants was dominant in the partially adjacent revetment edge and damp riverside. On the other hand, naturalized plants was so extensively dominant that it was necessary to establish an ecological management plan. The observed wildbirds belonged to 50 species, 6,118 individuals, and 7 restricted species by law, which were Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo hemilasius, and Buteo buteo. Oriolus chinensis,Hirundo rustica, and Alcedo atthis. The ecological administration plan for Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area as follows: in ecological land-use planning, the conservation area(695,518.5㎡) has native woody and herb vegetation and sandy plain with water as an wildbird habitat. The restoration area(653,702.7㎡) has a naturalized plants distribution are with artificial revetment. The nature-friendly Riverside Area(55,414.9㎡) was an easily approached area with damaged riverside vegetation, and a safe area to wildbird habitat. In riverside restoration planning, the artificial riverside should be restored to its natural riverside vegetation, and the artificial embankment should be restored with edge shrubs for wildbird habitat or revegetated for natural riverside landscape. For naturalized plants management planning, we selected naturalized plant species to be weeded out, and suggested an application method for ecological management.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.764-767
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• 2006

It can be important framework data to monitor the change of land-use pattern of river boundary in design and management of river. This study analyzed the change of land-use pattern of Gab- and Yudeung River using time-series aerial images. To do this, we carried out radiation and geometric correction of image, and estimated land-use changes in inland and floodplain. As the analysis of inland, the ratio of residential, commercial, industrial, educational and public area, that is urbanized element, increases, but that of agricultural area shows a decline on the basis of 1990. Also, Minimum Distance Method, which is a kind of supervised classification method, is applied to extract water-body and sand bar layer in floodplain. As the analysis of land-use, the ratio of level-upped riverside land and water-body increases, but that of sand bar decreases. These time-series land use information can be important decision making data to evaluate the urbanization of river boundary, and especially it gives us goodness in river development project such as the composition of ecological habitat.