• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.423-437
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• 2023

Background: Radiofrequency has seen an increase in use in orthopedics including cartilage lesion debridement in the hip and knee as well as many applications in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the safety and usage of radiofrequency in the shoulder. Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (international registry) and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Embase and PubMed were searched using: "shoulder," "rotator cuff," "biceps," "acromion" AND "monopolar," "bipolar," "ablation," "coblation," and "radiofrequency ablation." The title and abstract review were performed independently. Any discrepancies were addressed through open discussion. Results: A total of 63 studies were included. Radiofrequency is currently utilized in impingement syndrome, fracture fixation, instability, nerve injury, adhesive capsulitis, postoperative stiffness, and rotator cuff disease. Adverse events, namely superficial burns, are limited to case reports and case series, with higher-level evidence demonstrating safe use when used below the temperature threshold. Bipolar radiofrequency may decrease operative time and decrease the cost per case. Conclusions: Shoulder radiofrequency has a wide scope of application in various shoulder pathologies. Shoulder radiofrequency is safe; however, requires practitioners to be cognizant of the potential for thermal burn injuries. Bipolar radiofrequency may represent a more efficacious and economic treatment modality. Safety precautions have been executed by institutions to cut down patient complications from shoulder radiofrequency. Future research is required to determine what measures can be taken to further minimize the risk of thermal burns.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.488-491
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• 2023

This study aims to ascertain occupations potentially at greatest risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 based on pre-lockdown working conditions in France. We combined two French population-based surveys documenting workplace exposures to infectious agents, face-to-face contact with the public, and working with colleagues just before the pandemic. Then, for each 87-level standard French occupational grouping, we estimated the number and percentage of the French working population reporting these occupational exposure factors, by gender, using survey weights. As much as 40% (11 million) of all workers reported at least two exposure factors. Most of the workers concerned were in the healthcare sector. However, army/police officers, firefighters, hairdressers, teachers, cultural/sports professionals, and some manual workers were also exposed. Women were overrepresented in certain occupations with potentially higher risks of exposure such as home caregivers, childminders, and hairdressers. Our gender-stratified matrix can be used to assign prelockdown work-related exposures to cohorts implemented during the pandemic.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.565-585
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• 2023

항문주위 샛길은 일반 인구에서 매우 흔하고 항문관 주변 부위에 영향을 미치는 염증성 질환이다. 대부분 양성이지만 심각한 이환율을 유발하고 재발 위험이 높아 외과적 치료가 필요하다. 자기공명(MR) 영상은 항문관의 해부학적 구조, 항문조임근 복합체와의 관계, 2차 경로 또는 농양의 정확한 식별에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공하고 관련 합병증을 보고하는 항문주위 샛길 평가를 위한 최적 표준 기술로 간주된다. MR 영상은 또한 치료 효과를 모니터링하고 치료 방법을 결정하기 위한 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 크론병 관련 샛길은 종종 질병을 완화하기 위해 외과적 치료보다는 내과적 치료가 필요하다. 영상의학과 의사는 샛길의 해부학적 구조와 MR 영상 소견을 알아야 하고 임상의사에게 정확한 진단을 제시할 수 있어야 한다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.449-465
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• 2024

This study conducted a systematic literature review using online databases to investigate the effective feedback types that enhance the learning experiences of online students. Feedback is a critical component for learner success. With the expansion of online education, the importance of feedback has become more evident due to the reduced interaction between instructors and learners. Instructors must provide high-quality feedback that motivates learners and supports their educational goals. This involves using automated tools appropriate for the environment and effective feedback strategies to deliver personalized feedback. The literature was gathered through an extensive search process, adhering to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and included a risk assessment of selected studies, drawing from sources such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, and other Scopus-indexed journals. The review adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Specific keywords related to the study's focus, including "Online learning," "Improving learning," "Learner performance," "Feedback type," and "Feedback," guided the database searches. The protocol for selecting systematic reviews on learning enhancement involved screening articles published from 2013 to 2021 based on their titles and abstracts according to established criteria. Analyzing and studying data on learning patterns in non-face-to-face educational environments can improve learners' needs and educational effectiveness. Selecting the right types of feedback, taking into account the learners' levels and educational objectives, is crucial for providing effective feedback. A variety of feedback types are essential for the continuous improvement of learners' learning.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.424-428
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• 2013

레지오넬라균에 의한 자연환경의 수체 및 각종 시설 용수의 오염도를 조사하는데 적용할 수 있는 오염도 지표를 통상적으로 측정되는 수질항목 중에서 선정하려는 목적으로, 다양한 수체에 적용된 수질항목들이 레지오넬라균 오염도와 어느 정도 유의한 상관관계를 맺는 지에 관한 메타분석을 실시하였다. 환경부의 수질관리 지침에서 레지오넬라균 오염도의 위험지수로 사용되고 있는 대장균의 경우, 총대장균군 항목과 레지오넬라균 검출여부의 교차비(odds ratio; OR)로 분석하였는데, 교차비는 1.05(0.36-3.12, 95% CI)로, 오즈의 차이가 없을 확률이 0.92에 달하였다. 또한, 총대장균군 자료는 유의한 수준의 자료간 이질성을 보였으며(P=0.008), 무작위적인 자료간 이질성이 전체 교차비 변량의 63%를 차지하였다. 종속영양세균수(HPC)의 교차비가 2.72(2.04-3.63)로 1 보다 매우 유의하게 높았고(P<0.0001), 자료간 이질성이 없었다($Q_{df=8}$=12.7, P=0.12). 탁도와 염소농도, 철과 구리 이온의 농도 등이 레지오넬라균 검출여부와 함께 조사되는 통상적 수질항목이었으나, 자료수의 부족과 정량 자료의 통일성 부족으로 적절한 메타분석이 수행 될 수 없었다. 결론적으로, 분변균의 오염도 보다, 수중 레지오넬라균 서식지(아메바와 생물막)의 양을 표현하는 종속영양세균수가 레지오넬라균의 오염도 지표로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 실험 방법의 표준화와 경계값을 판단하는 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in females. Its incidence is higher in developed countries than in developing ones partly due to variation in risk exposure and partly due to better detection methods. Scattered evidence in Basrah, Iraq, suggests that breast cancer has been increasing at a significant pace in recent years. This study aimed to measure the current level of risk of breast cancer among females in Basrah and to describe the time trend over almost a decade of years. Data on breast cancer cases from all sources of cancer registration in Basrah governorate were compiled for the years 2005-2012. The data for each year were first checked separately for duplicate reporting of cases among various sources. Then the eight files were pooled together and checked again for any duplicate cases among years of registration. The final set of data contained 2,284 cases of breast cancer (2,213 female cases and 71 male cases). All patients were inhabitants of Basrah governorate at the time of diagnosis. Figures on the Basrah population were obtained from various sources including the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning and Developmental Collaboration and local household surveys. It was possible to have total population estimates for each year and by age and sex. The data were imported into SPSS (version 17) software. Age specific and year specific incidence rates were calculated. The age standardized incidence rate was also calculated using world population as the standard population to be 34.9 per 100,000 females. Age-wise, no case was reported among children aged less than 15 years and the incidence increased with advancing age reaching a peak of 123.8/100,000 females at the age range of 50-54 years. The time trend of the crude incidence rate showed only modest increased risk with passage of years and no age shift could be documented in this study. Breast cancer in females in Basrah is a significant health problem. The current incidence rate (crude, 23.7/100,000, age-standardized, 34.9/100,000) is high and justifies intensive efforts to improve early detection of cases, provide better treatment amenities and introduce long term preventive measures. Using the age standardized incidence rate as reported in this paper, it is possible to put the risk in Basrah within a regional and international context.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment for recovery of patients with vertebral compression fracture(VCF). Methods : We searched ten English and Chinese and seven Korean database up to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials(RCTs), quasi-RCTs, non-radomised Controlled Trials(CCTs) were eligible. Quasi-RCTs and CCTs were assessed only for safety assessment. Pain and adverse events were primary outcome of this review. Quality of life, dysfunction, patient satisfaction, incidence of new vertebral compression fracture were regarded as secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Level of evidence was tabulated using the GRADE methods. Results : Of 1656 screened, 15 RCTs, 1 quasi-RCT and 3 CCTs were included. Number of participants per study ranged from 45 to 135. Most of the studies had unclear or high risk of bias and considerable heterogeneity in terms of type of intervention, comparison and time-points for outcome measurement. Compared to usual care alone, acupuncture combined with usual care showed short-term favorable results for pain relief in patients with VCF(5 studies, n=252, MD -1.05 point on a 0 to 10 point scale, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.65, $I^2=74%$). Four studies reported mild and temporary adverse events, and no serious adverse events were reported. One study descriptively reported that acupuncture was effective for improving quality of life without providing numerical outcomes. There were no reports of patient satisfaction and incidence of new VCF. Conclusions : Level of evidence is very low for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for pain, harms and other clinical outcomes in patients with VCF. Included studies suffered from incomplete reporting, high or unclear risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity between studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to assess whether acupuncture is beneficial for recovery of patients with VCF.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.197-234
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• 2009

유형학적 범죄 이론들은 아동기 일탈을 유발하는 일련의 위험요인들이 있으며, 아동기에 일탈행동을 시작할 경우 심각하고 만성적인 범죄자로 성장할 가능성이 높다고 주장한다. 이러한 관점에서 아동을 다양한 일탈 경험에 따라 유형화하고, 각 유형과 관련된 요인들을 규명하는 것은 아동 일탈 예방 및 치료적 개입에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국청소년패널조사 초등패널의 1차년도와 2차년도 자료를 활용하여 (1) 개인의 일탈 경험에 기초하여 초등학교 5학년생들을 유형화하고 (2) 아동기 일탈을 유발하는 개인 관련, 가족 관련, 학교 관련, 또래 관련 위험요인들이 각 집단 유형에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 총 15개 일탈항목의 응답유형에 근거한 잠재적 집단 분석(Latent Class Analysis)을 통해 초등학교 5학년생들은 일탈 집단, 저일탈 집단, 비일탈(규준) 집단의 세 집단으로 유형화되었다. 다변랑 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 자기 통제력이 낮을수록, 빈곤 가정 출신일 경우, 일탈 친구가 많을수록, 남자초등학생일 경우, 집단 따돌림 피해 경험이 있을 경우 가장 높은 수준의 일탈 행동을 보이는 일탈 집단에 귀속될 확률이 높았다. 또한, 자기 통제력이 낮을수록, 공격성이 높을수록, 가정폭력에 많이 노출될수록, 교사와의 애착이 낮을수록, 일탈 친구가 많을수록 중간 수준 이하의 일탈행동을 보이는 저일탈 집단에 귀속될 확률이 높았다. 결과에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 실천적 함의와 후속연구를 위한 과제를 제시하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.122-144
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I²=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I²=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I²=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1102-1111
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonography (US) features for diagnosing metastasis in cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with thyroid cancer and compare the US classification of risk of LN metastasis between European and Korean guidelines. Materials and Methods: From January 2014 to December 2018, US-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed on 836 LNs from 714 patients for the preoperative nodal staging of thyroid cancer. The US features of LNs were retrospectively reviewed for the following features: size, presence of hilum, margin, orientation, cystic change, punctate echogenic foci (PEF), large echogenic foci, eccentric cortical thickening, abnormal vascularity, and cortical hyperechogenicity. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent US features for the diagnosis of metastatic LNs. The diagnostic performance of independent US features was subsequently evaluated. LNs were categorized according to the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) and European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines, and the correlation between the two sets of classifications was assessed. Results: Absence of the hilum, presence of cystic changes, PEF, abnormal vascularity, and cortical hyperechogenicity were independent US features of metastatic LNs. Cystic changes, PEF, abnormal vascularity, and cortical hyperechogenicity showed high specificity (86.8%-99.6%). The absence of the hilum had the highest sensitivity yet low specificity (66.4%). When LNs were classified according to the ETA guidelines and K-TIRADS, they yielded similar categorizations of malignancy risks and were strongly correlated (Spearman coefficient, 0.9766 [95% confidence interval, 0.973-0.979]). According to the ETA guidelines, 9.8% (82/836) of LNs were classified as "not specified." Conclusion: Absence of hilum, cystic changes, PEF, abnormal vascularity, and cortical hyperechogenicity were independent US features suggestive of metastatic LNs in thyroid cancer. Both K-TIRADS and the ETA guidelines provided similar risk stratification for metastatic LNs with a high correlation; however, the ETA guidelines failed to classify 9.8% of LNs into a specific risk stratum. These results may provide a basis for revising LN classification in future guidelines.