• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.204-207
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• 2015

We are reporting an unusual case of dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) after tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. A 30-year-old female arrived at the emergency room with a sudden headache and left sided weakness and sensory loss. In her past medical history, she was diagnosed with breast cancer 1 year prior, and subsequently underwent a breast conserving mastectomy with whole breast radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with tamoxifen. At the time of admission, computed tomography showed a small acute intracerebral hemorrhage at the right parietal cortex, and magnetic resonance imaging showed that a dural AVF at the SSS with a prominent and tortuous venous enhancement along the centrum semiovale was present. Cerebral angiography showed that the dural AVF at the mid-portion of the SSS with meningeal arterial feeding vessels entering the wall of the SSS, then draining through the dilated cortical veins. Our patient had no signs of active malignancy or any abnormalities in her coagulation profile, so it can be concluded that the tamoxifen was the likely cause of the SSS thrombosis and dural AVF. The dural AVF was treated by an endovascular coil embolization for the arterialized segment of the SSS. The patient dramatically recovered favorably from left side motor and sensory deficit. The best clinical approach is to screen potential patients of tamoxifen hormonal therapy and educate them on the sign and symptoms of life threatening thromboembolic events while taking tamoxifen.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.488-491
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• 2005

A 3-year-old female, 5kg, Shih-tzu developed an acute onset of depression, disorientation, hypersalivation, nystagmus after falling down 2 meter height place. In plain skull radiography, there was fracture line in the frontal and parietal bones and next day magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed with 3.0 Tesla unit. Under general anesthesia, the dog was placed in prone with its head positioned in a birdcage coil. Transverse, sagittal and coronal fast spin echo images of the brain were obtained with the following pulse sequences: T1 weighted images (TR = 560 ms and TE = 18.6 ms) and T2 weighted images (TR = 3500 ms and TE = 80 ms). Magnetic resonance imaging showed epidural hematoma in the left frontal area resulting in compression of the adjacent brain parenchyma. Left lateral ventricle was compressed secondarily and the longitudinal fissure shifted to the right, representing mass effect. The lesion was iso-to slightly hyperintense on T1 weighted image and iso-slightly hypointense signal on T2 weighted image. At necropsy, there was a skull fracture and epidural hematoma in the left frontal area. Magnetic resonance imaging of epidural hematoma is reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.200-207
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• 2005

This study compares two different methods of measuring brain-BOLD activation. By comparing two different methods of measurement i.e., one method calculating the neural activation area (the number of activated voxels), while the other measured the neural activation intensity (the mean intensity of selected activated yokels), this study identified the more precise method of measuring brain activation which results from the completion of a visuospatial task. 16 right-handed male college students (mean age 23.2 years) participated in this study as subjects. Functional brain images were scanned on them using a 3T MRI single-shot EPI method. No correlation was found between the levels of cognitive performance and number of activated yokels in the activated brain areas. However, a significant correlation was found between the levels of cognitive performance and the mean intensity of selected activated yokels in the parietal, frontal, and other areas. In conclusion, the method of mean intensity was considered a better index of brain activity rather than the activated yokels measurement method.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Background: The present study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the neural substrates for modified version of Treisman's visual search task. Methods: Two volunteers who gave informed consent participated MEG experiment. One was 27- year old male and another was 24-year-old female. All were right handed. Experiment were performed using a 306-channel biomagnetometer (Neuromag LTD). There were three task conditions in this experiment. The first was searching an open circle among seven closed circles (open condition). The second was searching a closed circle among seven uni-directionally open circles (closed condition). And the third was searching a closed circle among seven eight-directionally open circles (random (closed) condition). In one run, participants performed one task condition so there were three runs in one session of experiment. During one session, 128 trials were performed during every three runs. One participant underwent one session of experiment. The participant pressed button when they found targets. Magnetic source localization images were generated using software programs that allowed for interactive identification of a common set of fiduciary points in the MRI and MEG coordinate frames. Results: In each participant we can found activations of anterior cingulate, primary visual and association cortices, posterior parietal cortex and brain areas in the vicinity of thalamus. Conclusions: we could find activations corresponding to anterior and posterior visual attention systems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.271-274
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• 2018

The decision of which surgical approach to use for the treatment of a multifocal craniofacial abscess is still a controversial matter. A failure to control disease progress in the craniofacial region can potentially put the patient's life at risk. Therefore, understanding the various ways to approach the craniofacial region helps surgeons to obtain satisfactory results in such cases. In this report, we describe a patient who visited the emergency department with a large swelling in his right cheek. A blood test and computed tomography revealed odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The patient developed sepsis due to a progressive multifocal abscess. An abscess was seen in the temporal muscle, infratemporal fossa, and interorbital region. To control this multifocal abscess, we used the facial dismasking flap (FDF) approach. After debridement using the FDF approach, we succeeded in obtaining sufficient drainage of the abscess, and the patient recovered from sepsis. The advantages of the FDF approach are that it provides a wide surgical field, extending from the parietal region to the mid-facial region, and that it leaves no aesthetically displeasing scars on the face. The FDF approach may be one of the best options to approach multifocal abscesses in the craniofacial region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.310-320
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• 2022

This study aimed to ascertain the most efficient level of compression to be applied on a particular area along the upper extremities whilst developing functionality to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among workers who frequently use their arms. The compression areas were divided into upper arm, forearm, and wrist. The compression levels were applied using three types of bands. Comparisons on these bands' usability were based on evaluations of recorded brainwaves and subjective sensation response. Nine men in their twenties were selected for the experiment. The results revealed that when compression was applied, the left and right occipital lobes, plus the parietal lobe, were activated. Also, the alpha wave activity tended to increase, thereby exemplifying the compression's positive effects. The most physiologically efficient and subjectively preferred compression levels were 1.3 and 2.6 kPa for the upper arm and wrist. Furthermore, the compression level at the forearm should be at least 2.0 kPa.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.348-358
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activation pattern and functional connectivity network during experimental design on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate participants' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with the block experimental-design was used to measure BOLD signals of their brain and SPM2 software package was applied to analyze the acquired initial image data from the fMRI system. According to the analyzed data, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum were significantly activated during participants' carrying-out experimental design. The network model was consisting of six nodes (ROIs) and its six connections. These results suggested the notion that the activation and connections of these regions mean that experimental design process couldn't succeed just a memory retrieval process. These results enable the scientific experimental design process to be examined from the cognitive neuroscience perspective, and may be used as a basis for developing a teaching-learning program for scientific experimental design such as brain-based science education curriculum.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.751-758
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activation pattern and functional connectivity network during classification on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate participants' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with the block experimental-design was used to measure BOLD signals of their brain. According to the analyzed data, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum were significantly activated during participants' carrying-out classification. The network model was consisting of six nodes (ROIs) and its fourteen connections. These results suggested the notion that the activation and connections of these regions mean that classification is consist of two sub-network systems (top-down and bottom-up related) and it functioning reciprocally. These results enable the examination of the scientific classification process from the cognitive neuroscience perspective, and may be used as basic materials for developing a teaching-learning program for scientific classification such as brain-based science education curriculum in the science classrooms.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in normal children to aged volunteers using Tc-99m HMPAO, Materials and Methods: Thirty four right-handed normal volunteers (20 males, 14 females, mean age $40.3{\pm}24.9$ years, range 4 to 82 years) were underwent rost/acetazolamide (ACZ) brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO and the sequential injection and subtraction method. rCBF was estimated on the basis of a semiquantitative approach by means of right/left ratio, region/cerebellum and region to whole brain ratios in (rental, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. CVR was measured by means of % perfusion increase calculated as % mean count change compared to rest rCBF in each regions. Results: Mean values of right to left ratios range from 1.004 to 1.018, rCBF was highest in cerebellum and lowest in basal ganglia and thalami. Frontal and temporal rCBF decreased while occipital and thalamic rCBF increased according to age. No sexual difference of rCBF was noted. Mean CVR was $29.9{\pm}12.9%$. Mean CVR significantly increased to late teens, and declined thereafter. After 6th decade, CVR in both frontal lobes, left parietal lobe and right basal ganglia decreased significantly with advancing age. There was no sexual difference of CVR. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of CVR was possible by ACZ Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT. It revealed that rCBF and CVR changed according to age in normal Korean volunteers. There was no sexual difference.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Objectives : A voxel based investigation of cerebral blood flow was conducted to identify functional differences during resting state between children with early-onset schizophrenia and normal controls. Methods : 19 children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia(8 boys and 11 girls, mean age $14.0{\pm}1.7$ years old) and 17 comparison children(13 boys and 4 girls, mean age $11.0{\pm}1.9$ years old) were examined by HMPAO-SPECT. The SPECT images were compared using statistical parametric mapping analyses, controlling for age and sex. Results : Increased cerebral blood flow in left medial and inferior frontal gyrus, right superior and middle frontal gyrus, both inferior temporal gyrus, and right cerebellar tonsil was found in children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In addition, decreased cerebral blood flow in right thalamus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus and relatively wide areas from left medical frontal gyrus to superior parietal lobule were found in children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Conclusion : The results of the current study provide additional evidences for brain areas involving the onset of schizophrenia in early age.