• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 1985

This study was conducted to find out the effect of rice straw and wollastonite applied to the paddy soil on the growth and yield of the rice plant. The soil was treated with two level of straw 0 and 88gr per pot, of which respectively combined with 4 levels of wollastonite, 0 (Avail $SiO_2$: 50 ppm), 27 (Avail. $SiO_2$: 150 ppm), 85 (Avail. $SiO_2$: 300 ppm) and 185 (Avail. $SiO_2$: 450 ppm) gr per pot. The results for two years experiment were as follows. 1. Application of rice straw and wollastonite, respectively, suppressed the growth of the plant at early stage. As a consequence the hight and number of tiller of the plant were comparatively smaller, but the combined effect of rice straw and wollastonite treatment on the plant growth appeared after the maximum tillering stage and got a better yield as compared with single treatment of rice straw or wollastonite. 2. At the pot of no rice straw and 27 gr wollastonite treatment, and also pot of rice straw and 85gr (in the year of 1983 experiment) as well as 135gr wollastonite treatment (in the year 1984 experiment), the yield of total dry material and unhulled rice of the plant were respectively higher than other pots in different treatment and the plant height showed similar tentency. Application of rice straw in paddy soil appeared to require more wollastonite for growth of the rice plant as compared with no rice straw application. 3. The highest yield was obtained at the pot with rice straw and 85gr of wollastonite treatment in the year of 1983 experiment, were its yield had 25% increament as compared with the control pot, while being studied for residual effect of rice straw and wollastonite application in the next year, the highest yield was obtained at the pot with rice straw and 135gr wollastonite treatment, where its yield had 30% increament as compared with the control pot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.967-976
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• 1996

Straw and other fibrous by-products are inevitably produced during cereal production and have traditionally been used for many purposes including feeding animals . The potential of these by -products as a feed resource for ruminants is being increasingly appreciated (FAO , 1977). In the future, the amount of cereals fed to farm animals will have to be reduced and livestock will have to rely more on by-products such as straw. The method of animal production can be classified by the major portion of feed. One is animal forage and the other is grains. In Korea , livestock farmers normally depend more than 70% upon grains for the feed stuff. The livestock production system causes the unbalance of nutrition, and results in low productivity of animal farming. In many livestock farms in Korea the rice straw is using as a major forage and the amount of rice straw fed takes 46% of total amount of required forages. Especially the rice straw is mainly using during spring, fall and winte season. However, there are still lots of problems to solved such as harvesting cost, transportation between rice farm ad livestock farm, and quality loss during drying and storage . Therefore the mechanization of straw harvesting is urgently needed to use the renewable agricultural by-products and to overcome the shortage of animal forage. The objective of this research is to develope a straw harvester with new concept which can solve the problems of the quality loss and the labor cost during drying in a field, collecting , and storage. The developed straw harvester is self-propelled machine rebuilt by rice combine and equipped with the pick-up device, the macerater and the mat-forming device.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1986

This study was carried out to prevent the entwining of rice straw on rotary shaft and blade where rice straw was spreaded on paddy field as an organic source before rotary tilling. The rotary tillage was conducted in the paddy field having the soil moisture contents of 30%, 39%, 59% in dry basis and spreaded rice straw (450kg/10a) of 30cm, 45cm, 90cm length with the edged curve angles of rotary blade of $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$, $55^{\circ}$ at Yuseung area. And the test were performed on the plot which has width of 30cm and 5cm length and the quantity of entwined rice straw was analized. The test results were summarized as the followings. 1. Entwining phenomenon of rice straw was decreased as the blade edged curve angle increased. The edged curve angle of rotary blade must be determind by considering the characteristics of soil cutting resistance, tilling torque and entwining phenomenon of rice straw. But according to the entwining phenomenon of rice straw only, the edged curve angle of rotary blade should be bigger than $55^{\circ}$ for design. 2. Amount of entwining rice straw was minimized when soil moisture contents was 30 percent (d. b.). It would be better that rotary tillage is performed when soil moisture contents is lower than 30 percent in dry basis. 3. Amount of entwining rice straw was minimized when the length of rice straw was 30cm with $55^{\circ}$ edged curve angle. Therefore, it would be better to chop rice straw as 30cm. 4. Entwining phenomenon of rice straw was decreased as the forward speed decreased. To decrease the entwining rice straw, rotary tillage should be done with forward fist gear (0.35m/s).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2002

In this study, three different experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of apple pomace produced in southern areas of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The effects of combining apple pomace in different ratios with commercial concentrates and rice straw in the diets of Korean native goats (Capra hircus) were examined. In experiment I, in situ DM and CP disappearances from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of goats showed that greater amounts of DM and CP were released from apple pomace than those from concentrates at the later stages of incubation, but only after 48 h for DM and CP, respectively. This was reflected in the higher 'b' value of the slowly degradable fraction of the apple pomace compared to the concentrates. Prior to these times the trend was reversed. In experiment II, Korean native goats were fed a diet containing apple pomace with either rice straw or rice straw and concentrates, and the in vivo nutrient digestibilities compared to animals receiving an alfalfa hay. DM digestibility in the animals given apple pomace plus concentrates with rice straw (66.86%) were similar to the goats given alfalfa hay only (69.09%) but significantly greater than for a diet of rice straw plus concentrates. In experiment III, an in vivo study was conducted to investigate the inclusion of 30 to 60% apple pomace pre-mixed with rice straw, rice bran and concentrates on the nutritional value for Korean native goats. Apple pomace mixed diets had higher DM intakes, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention than diets without apple pomace, which may have been due to the higher non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and less ADF and NDF than those in other treatments. Replacement of concentrates with apple pomace in rice straw based diets of Korean native goats fed either separately (experiment II) or by pre-mixing (experiment III) gave satisfactory feed intake, digestibility, pH of ruminal fluid and production of $NH_3$-N and VFA in the rumen of goats. The results of this study infer that apple pomace can be included at levels of up to 60% in the diets of goats without dramatic effect on the animal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.158-160
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• 1989

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1971

In order to obtain an idea on the cause of beneficial effect of organic matter, compost and fresh rice straw, in paddy production, a number of previous experimental results were reviewed. The results are as follows: 1. As a soil ameriolater, compost give a beneficial effect, in well drained and somewhat permeable soils but in ill drained and none permeable paddy field the effect is not observed. 2. The effect of fresh rice straw, is expected to be positive with less than compost limitation to the soil conditions. The reason for this benefical effect of fresh rice straw to paddy yield is evidenced to be of depressing effect of early stages of paddy growth which reserves plant nutrients in soil for later use. 3. Several problems in connection with the use of fresh rice straw in rice production is also discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1996

Packaging trays were manufactured with recycled newspaper and rice straw to investigate the effect of mixing ratio of rice straw pulp on physical properties of the trays. The apparent density of the trays increased gradually with increasing mixing ratio of rice straw pulp and the bursting strength increased at the mixing ratio of above 40%. The results showed that the trays made from 100% rice straw pulp had the highest bursting strength and the trays with the mixing ratio of 20% and 100% had high compression strength. The air resistance of the trays decreased with increasing mixing ratio until 80%. As the mixing ratio of rice staw pulp in the trays increased, L value in color decreased and b value increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 1984

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of rice straw on microflora in relation to the decomposition of organic matter, and the rate of rice straw decomposition. The number of total bacteria was increased in the first stage, and the number of microorganisms in upper layer was generally larger than lower layer. The number of fungi tended to decline as rice plant grew. Aerobacter among cellulose decomposition bacteria decreased with time, and the number of microorganisms in lower layer was higher than upper layer. The number of glucose decomposition bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria increased in the submerged soil to which rice straw was applied, but decreased by percolation. the change of manganese oxidizing bacteria seemed not to be affected by rice straw application while they tend to increase as the rice plant grew. The aspect of microorganisms in the percolated water was same that of lower layer, but the number was low as much $10^{-1}$ during the whole stages. The decomposition rate of rice straw applied to submerged soil was about 40 per cent during the rice grew. The decomposition rate of cellulose contained rice straw was about 30 per cent, and lignin was about 60 per cent. The 70-80 per cent of nitrogen remained in the rice straw applied to soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

Newly reclaimed tidal land is known to be in low status of soil fertility. The incorporation of crop residue is an effective method to improve soil properties and fertility in reclaimed saline soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rice straw (RS) application to improve physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and its contribution to productivity of whole crop barley. Increasing rate of rice straw improved growth parameter related to yield of whole crop barley, which increased tiller number significantly (p<0.05).The yield increased by 15% (F.W) and 9% (D.W) in rice straw-amended plots. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil (0-20cm) with rice straw incorporation increased by 5~9% (RS 2.5~RS 7.5) compared to RS 0, in which the content of SOM decreased after two consecutive cultivations. Rice straw incorporation promoted soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient-availability of the test crop, as indicated in change in soil bulk density, porosity and increased nutrient uptake of plant. Especially, the P content and uptake of whole crop barley increased with increasing the rate of rice straw application. In conclusion, the rice straw application at rates of $5.0-7.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed saline soils effectively improved soil properties and crop productivity, which has potentials to reduce the loss of chemical fertilizers and facilitate the favorable condition for crop growth under adverse soil condition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the production of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) by treatment of different amounts of rice straw with cellulase, hemicellulase, and xylanase. Treatment of high amounts of rice straw (100 g/l) with cellulase and hemicellulase resulted in similar production of WSCs. Reducing the amount of rice straw to 50 g/l decreased the production of WSCs by hemicellulase but had no effect on WSC production by cellulase. The interaction among rice straw amounts, and hemicellulase and xylanase activities was investigated using a Box Behnken design and a response surface model. An interaction was found only between hemicellulase and xylanase. An enzyme mixture consisting of 0.55 mg/ml of hemicellulase and 0.65 mg/ml of xylanase generated the highest amounts of WSCs, regardless of the amount of rice straw provided. Therefore, the activity of cellulase was higher than that of either hemicellulose or xylanase for WSC production from rice straw. The interaction observed for hemicellulase and xylanase indicates that a combined enzyme treatment could improve the production of WSCs from rice straw.