• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3887-3896
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to select yeast strain for quality optimization of distilled spirit which is prepared using rice. Five yeasts strains were compared for their brewing characteristics and showed normal fermentation pattern, but songcheon yeast(Y1) and distillery yeast(Y5) revealed higher fermentation ability than other samples tested. The analyzed results of fermented mashing showed that the distillery yeasts(Y4, Y5) had significantly much higher alcohol content, and songcheon yeast(Y1), distillery yeasts(Y4, Y5) had significantly higher ester content than other samples tested respectively, while the distillery yeasts(Y3, Y4, Y5) had significantly higher organic acid content than other samples tested. The analyzed results of distilled spirits which were distilled using copper distillery apparatus showed that the songcheon yeast(Y1) and distillery yeast(Y5) had a higher yield compared to other samples tested. In addition, the results of the aroma compounds such as ester and higher alcohol of distilled spirits among the five yeasts tested were similar to the analyzed results of fermented mashing. Siha aktivhefe 6 brennereihefe(Y5) indicated the highest overall preference including sensory evaluation and was selected as best yeast strain for quality optimization of distilled spirit which is prepared using rice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2017

Japanese agriculture has faced to several threats: aging and decrease of farmer population, global competition, and the risk of climate change as well as harsh and variable weather. On the other hands, the number of large scale farms is increasing, because farm lands have been being aggregated to fewer numbers of farms. Cost cutting, development of efficient ways to manage complicatedly scattered farm lands, maintaining yield and quality under variable weather conditions, are required to adapt to changing environments. Information and communications technology (ICT) would contribute to solve such problems and to create innovative technologies. Thus we have been developing an early warning and decision support system to reduce weather and climate risks for rice, wheat and soybean production in Japan. The concept and prototype of the system will be shown. The system consists of a weather data system (Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data System, AMGSDS), decision support contents where information is automatically created by crop models and delivers information to users via internet. AMGSDS combines JMA's Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data, numerical weather forecast data and normal values, for all of Japan with about 1km Grid Square throughout years. Our climate-smart system provides information on the prediction of crop phenology, created with weather forecast data and crop phenology models, as an important function. The system also makes recommendations for crop management, such as nitrogen-topdressing, suitable harvest time, water control, pesticide spray. We are also developing methods to perform risk analysis on weather-related damage to crop production. For example, we have developed an algorism to determine the best transplanting date in rice under a given environment, using the results of multi-year simulation, in order to answer the question "when is the best transplanting date to minimize yield loss, to avoid low temperature damage and to avoid high temperature damage?".

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1937-1947
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• 1970

This experiment was conducted, making use of the 'NONG-RIM No, 6' a recommended variety of rice plant for the year of 1969. Main purpose of the experiment are to explore possibilities of; a) ways and means of saving irrigation water and, b) overcoming drought at the same time so that an increaded yield in rice production could be resulted in Specifically, it was tried to determine the effects of the Rotation Irrigation method combined with differentiated thickess of Lining upon the growth and Yield of rice production. Some of the major finding are summarized in the follows. 1) The Different thicknesses show a significant relationship with the weight of 1000 grains. In the case of 3cm Lined plot, the grain weight is 39.0 Grams, the heaviest. Next in order is 6 cm lined plnt, 5 day control plot, 6 day control plot. 2) In rice yield, it is found that there is a considerably moderate signicant relationship with both the different thickness of lining and the number of irrgation, as shown in the table No,7. 3) There is little or no difference among different plot in terms of; a) physical and chemical properties of soil, b) quality of irrgation water, c) climatic condition, and rainfalls. 4) It is found that there is no significant relationship between differences in the method of rotation irrgation and the number of ears per hill because of too much rainydays and low temperature during irrigation season. 5) In uyny1-treated plots, it is shown that there is on difference among different plots, but the irrigation water requirement saved as much as 1/2 to actual irrigation water compare to uncontroled plot. 6) The irrigation water requirement for 48 days is saved as much 67% compared to uncontroled plot, the order are; the 9cm lined plot, the plot of vinyl with no hole, the plot with a hole of $1cm/m^2$ as shows in fig 15. 7) The rate of percolation of 40-30mm/day is decreased to 30-20/day. It is found that the decreasad rate of percolation due to vinyl-cutoff in footpath. 8) The growing condition was fine, and there was no found that decease and lageing as always submerged plot. 9) It is found that it must be constructed irrigation and drainage system, inlet and outlet perpect, respectly, of which could be irrigation water saved and would be inereased the irrigation water temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate effects of application of controlled release complex fertilizer with latex coated urea (LCU-complex) on growth and grain quality of rice under direct seeded on dry paddy (DS) and transplanted on flooding paddy (TP). Three types of latex coated urea different nitrogen (N) releasing were LCU40, LCU80 and LCU100. The time of N releasing of LCU formulations in water at both 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ was faster in the order of LCU40, LCU80, LCU blend (LCU40, LCU80 and LCU100 was mixed in ratio of 2:2:1), and LCU100. The number of tillers and dry matter weight were great in order of LCU-complex 100% > LCU-complex80% > urea and plant height was not significant. Grain yields at LCU-complex80% in both DS and TP plot were similar to those of urea application. N recovery of LCU-complex80% and 100% was improved 8 and 6% compared to that of conventional urea split application in DS plot and 9 and 4% in TP. Content of protein of grain at applied LCU-complex was less 0.8% and $0.1{\sim}0.7%$ than that of urea in DS and TP, respectively. Content of amylose and Mg/K ratio in rice grain was not significant. Consequently application of LCU-complex blended types of coated urea different N releasing can be reduced 20% of N without yield reduction and improved grain quality compared with urea application.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.274-283
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• 2020

Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in which seeds do not germinate under unfavorable environmental conditions. Low dormancy seeds are easily germinated under optimal environmental conditions, and these characteristics greatly reduce the yield and quality of crops. In the present study, we compared the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) rate of two cultivars, Joun and Jopyeong, using the Winkler scale after heading day and temperature of the test. The PHS rate increased as the Winkler scale after heading day increased from 700℃ to 1100℃ and the temperature of the test increased. In all conditions, the PHS rate of Jopyeong was higher than that of Joun. RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the cause of the high PHS rate. We analyzed the biological metabolic processes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite pathway using the KEGG mapper with selected differentially expressed genes in PHS seeds. We found that the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes (OsNCEDs) was down-regulated and that ABA catabolic genes (OsCYP707As) was up-regulated in PHS seeds. However, the quantitative real-time PCR results showed that Joun had a higher expression of OsNCEDs than that of Jopyeong, but OsCYP707As did not yield a significant result. Joun displayed higher ABA content than that of Jopyeong not only during ripeness time but also during PHS treatment. Taken together, we provided evidence that the ABA content remaining in the seed is important to the PHS rate, which is determined by the expression level of the ABA biosynthesis gene OsNCEDs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.326-336
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• 2023

Growth and seed productivity of black soybean (cv. Cheongja-3ho) sown on four different dates were investigated in paddy fields in the southern region to cope with climate change, trends in consumption of soy foods, and the spread of double cropping region. Sowing date of black soybean showed a significant correlation with above-ground growth, seed yield, useful components, etc. When sown in May, the above-ground part was plentiful, while seed yield significantly decreased. On the other hand, when sown in June and July, reproductive growth was vigorous resulting in high seed yield, exceeding 200 kg/10a, and pod injury and seed coat cracking were reduced. Furtherm ore, the isoflavone content of seed increased significantly as the sowing date was delayed. These results suggests that sowing from early June to early July is appropriate. Nevertheless, late June sowing oppears the m ost appropriate for black soybeans in the southern paddy fields, in order to avoid a risk of overlapping with sowing dates of winter crops in the double cropping.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s02
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• pp.34-44
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• 1989

The stability of rice cultivation in Korea is largely depended on climatic conditions, especially, low temperature at the period of early growth stage and after heading. The improvement of cold tolerant varieties and appropriate cultural practices in rice are very effective to minimize the cold damage. This paper is summarized the mechanism and counterplans of cold injury of rice plants. The paddy area having commonly cold injury in Korea is approximately 15, 522ha in 1,709 sites on the national scale. The cold damage at seedling stage in nursery bed appeared to poor germination, leaf discoloration, dead seedlings and seedling rot ect.. At the vegetative stage, the decreased tiller number due to poor rooting and the delayed heading caused by slow growth and panicle differentiation are commonly showed. The cold injury at early reproductive stage appeared to the degeneration of spikelets and rachis - branches, while that at meiosis stage showed to increased sterility due to poor development of pollen and shortened panicle length with delaying heading, therefore the grain yield is largely decreased. The cold damage at heading and ripening stages showed to poor pollination and fertilization, low panicle exsertion, poor grain filling and finally grain quality became low. To minimize the cold injury to rice plants by low temperature, following counterplans would be recommonded ; Improvement of the cold toelrant rice varieties for the regions of midmountains and alpines. Raising healthy seedlings at upland nursery beds and by using of growth regulators such as ABA, Fuchiwang and Tachiace. Soil improvement and organic matter application to reduce cold damage by increasing water and fertilizer holding capacities in the paddy field having commonly cold water and in the place where cold damage is regularly occurred. Appropriate fertilization for raising healthy rice plants to tolerate under low temperature condition. Water management to increase water temperature in the paddy such as depth watering, round channels and polyethylene tubes around the field. Establishment of the optimum cultivation time of rice based on minimum, mean and maximum temperatures at different regions with appropriate rice varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2011

This study was conducted to obtain basic a information on growth characteristics, productivity, and feed values of whole crop barleys with different awn types. The field experiments were conducted on land at Iksan, Jeollabuk-do province in Korea for one year. Six barleys with three different awn types, such as Youngyang (rough), Yuyeon (hood), Youho (hood), Iksan449 (hood), Iksan456 (hood), and Iksan448 (awnless), were used in this study. Barleys were harvested on five growth stages after (DAH); 20 days after heading (20 DAH), 25 DAH, 30 DAH, 35 DAH, and 40 DAH. Heading was earlier in Yuyeon (April 22), while was later in Iksan448 (April 29). The maximum dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields, 11.8 and 8.1 ton per ha, respectively, was recorded in Ikan456 harvested at 35~40 DAH, followed by Youngyang, Yuyeon, Iksan448, Youho and the lowest in Iksan449. They were increased significantly with advancing crop maturity. Crude protein content was the highest in Iksan448 (10.9%) and the lowest in Youho (9.7%) and that was decreased significantly with late harvest. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) were the highest in Iksan448 (73.0%, 183.8, respectively) and the lowest in Iksan456 (68.0%, 135.4, respectively) and they were increased significantly with late harvest. The mean RFV evaluated by awn types was the highest in Iksan448 (183.8) of awnless, the lowest in Youho (149.5) and Iksan456 (135.4), indicated the insufficiency of hooded type barleys as good fodder use. Therefore, in this study suggest that hooded barley should improve forage productivity as well as quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of seeding method on winter survival and dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam. "Kospeed") in paddy field for two years. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of four different seeding methods, R-LS-P(rotary-line sowing-packing), R-BS-P(rotary-broadcast seeding-packing), R-BS(rotary-broadcast seeding), R-BS-TR(rotary-broadcast seeding-trifling rotary), BS-TR(broadcast seeding-trifling rotary). The emergence ratio of broadcast was decreased by 12% and winter survival was decreased by 17% compared with line sowing. The R-BS-TR treatment which was practical seeding method of rye was decreased seeding stand ratio by 65.2% and winter survival by 6.7% compared with others seeding methods. Dry matter yield of line sowing(8,151 kg/ha) was higher than that of broadcast(6,281 kg/ha) and R-BS-P treatment was the highest DM yield as 7,166 kg/ha. There was not found significant difference among seeding method in forage quality. The results of this experiment indicated that R-BS-P(rotary-broadcast seeding-packing) was recommendable the best seeding method after harvested whole crop rice in paddy field.