• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.29.1-29.10
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• 2016

Background: It is known that large dogs who are fed lamb and rice diets are at increased risk to develop taurine-deficiency-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Since dogs obligatorily conjugate bile acids (BA) with taurine, we determined whether rice bran (RB) or other fibers (cellulose; CL, beet pulp; BP) would affect BA excretion and/or the taurine status of dogs. Results: Eighteen medium/large mixed-breed dogs were given purified diets containing CL, BP, or RB for 12 weeks. Taurine concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly decreased at week 12. The BP group, compared to the CL or RB groups, showed significantly lower taurine concentrations in plasma ($6.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $20.4{\pm}3.9$ and $13.1{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol/L$, respectively, P < 0.01, $mean{\pm}SEM$) and in whole blood ($79{\pm}10$ vs $143{\pm}14$ and $127{\pm}14{\mu}mol/L$, respectively, P < 0.01), lower apparent protein digestibility ($81.9{\pm}0.6$ vs $88.8{\pm}0.6$ and $88.1{\pm}1.2%$, respectively, P < 0.01), and higher BA excretions ($5.6{\pm}0.1$ vs $3.4{\pm}0.5$ and $3.4{\pm}0.4{\mu}mol/g$ feces, respectively, P < 0.05) at week 12. Conclusions: These results do not support the hypothesis that RB is likely to be a primary cause of lamb meal and rice diets, increasing the risk of taurine deficiency in large dogs. However these indicate that BP may contribute to a decrease taurine status in dogs by increasing excretion of fecal BA and decreasing protein digestibility, thus decreasing the bioavailability of sulfur amino acids, the precursors of taurine.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate emulsion mapping between emulsion stability and cooking yields, apparent viscosity, and hardness of reduced-fat pork emulsion systems. The reduced-fat emulsion systems were supplemented with different lipid types and brown rice bran fiber (BRF) concentrations. Compared to the control with 30% back fat, lower emulsion stability and higher cooking yield of meat emulsion systems were observed in T1 (30% back fat+1% BRF), T2 (30% back fat+2% BRF), T3 (30% back fat+3% BRF), T4 (30% back fat+6% BRF), and T15 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF). Lower emulsion stability and higher apparent viscosity were observed in T1, T2, T3, T4, and T8 (20% back fat+3% BRF) compared to the control. Lower emulsion stability and higher hardness was detected in all treatments compared with the control, except T5 (20% back fat), T10 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF), T11 (10% back fat+10% olive oil+2% BRF), T12 (10% back fat+10% grape seed oil+2% BRF), and T13 (10% back fat+10% soybean oil+2% BRF). This approach has been found particularly useful for highlighting differences among the emulsified properties in emulsion meat products. Thus, the results obtained with emulsion mapping are useful in making emulsified meat products of desired quality characteristics, partially replacing pork back fat with a mix of 10% back fat, 10% canola oil and 2% BRF was most similar to the control with 30% pork back fat.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.160-163
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• 2006

현미는 백미에 비하여 식품영양학적 가치 및 식이섬유의 함유량이 높은 쌀겨 및 배아를 포함하고 있으나 소화가 잘되지 않는 단점 이 있다. 따라서 발효현미는 소화력을 높임과 동시에 좋은 영양 공급원이 될 수 있으므로 높은 amylase와 pretense의 활성으로 현미를 발효할 수 있는 미생물을 선별하였다. 2.5%(w/v)의 현미분말을 유일한 영양원으로 한 액체배지를 생장배지로 사용하여 생장능력과 효소 생산능력을 조사하였다. 조사한 8종의 Bacillus 와 11종의 유산균 중에서 모든 Bacillus 균주와 두 종의 유산균이 생장과 효소활성을 보였다. 생균수는 $10^7CFU/mL$을 초과하였으며 Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. B2, Bacillus sp. B11, Leuconostoc gelidum, Pediococcus pentosaceus 가 생산하는 최고 amylase 활성은 각각 17.85, 17.50, 17.10, 17.10, 3.24 U/ml이었고, 최고 pretense 활성은 각각 22.48, 22.04, 23.76, 12.13, 3.80 U/ml이었다. 따라서 이 균주들은 발효 현미 제조를 위한 접종균주로서 이용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

The effects of feeding diets containing 20% (L) or 30% (H) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (DM basis) on performance and carcass traits were studied in three breeds of pig, including pure Mong Cai (MC), crossbred Landrace$\times$Yorkshire (LY) and crossbred MC$\times$Yorkshire (F1). The experiment had a factorial design with two factors, breed and diet. Eighteen piglets of each breed ($60{\pm}3days$) were randomly allocated to three treatments: L-L, low fiber diet in both growing and finishing periods; L-H, low and high fiber diet in the growing and finishing period, respectively; and H-H, high fiber diet in both periods. The diets were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous within feeding period. The main fibrous ingredients of the diets were rice bran and cassava residue. There were no effects of fiber level on daily dry matter feed intake (DMI), expressed as g/kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75), in both feeding periods (p>0.05). DMI was highest for MC, followed by F1 and LY (p<0.001). Average daily gain (ADG) in L-L and L-H was higher than in H-H in the growing period (p<0.001) and overall (p<0.05), while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in H-H than in L-L and L-H in the growing period (p<0.05) and overall, but no significant differences between treatments were found in the finishing period. In both periods, Landrace$\times$Yorkshire had the highest ADG and the lowest FCR, followed by F1 and Mong Cai (p<0.001). There were no interactions between breed and diet for performance and carcass traits. Carcass and dressing percentage was lower for L-H and H-H than for L-L (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments in back fat thickness and lean meat percentage, or in crude protein and ether extract contents of lean meat. Carcass, dressing and lean meat percentage was highest for LY, lowest for MC and intermediate for F1 (p<0.001). It can be concluded that feeding a high fiber diet in the growing period reduced pig performance, but there was no effect in the finishing period. Pure Mong Cai pigs are not particularly suitable for meat purposes, although the F1 cross with Large White had reasonably good growth performance and carcass quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2016

본 연구는 꽃송이버섯 원물과 꽃송이버섯 8% 첨가하여 유산균으로 발효한 꽃송이버섯 혼합물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교 조사하였다. 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물의 수분, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 버섯 원물에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 꽃송이버섯원물과 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물의 총 식이섬유소 중 불용성 식이섬유소가 각각 89.21%와 95.74%를 차지하였다. 꽃송이버섯 원물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 38.03%으로 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량 5.44%에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 꽃송이버섯 원물에는 유리당 중 glucose와 fructose만 함유하고 있으며, 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물은 sucrose만을 함유하였다. 총 polyphenol 함량은 꽃송이버섯 원물과 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물이 꽃송이버섯 원물에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). DDPH radical 소거능은 꽃송이버섯 원물과 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 대조군인 비타민 C에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮은 DDPH radical 소거능을 나타냈다(p<0.05). ABTS radical 소거능은 유산균 발효 꽃송이 버섯 혼합물이 꽃송이 버섯 원물에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 대조군인 비타민 C와는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 꽃송이버섯 원물과 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물의 항산화지수도 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 대조군인 비타민 C에 비해서는 낮았으나, 시료를 첨가하지 않는 음성대조군 보다는 높게 나타났다. 따라서 유산균 발효 꽃송이버섯 혼합물은 항산화 작용에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 천연소재로서 산업적 활용이 가능할 수 있을 것이다.