• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2001

The dinoflagellates have some primitive nuclear features and are evolutionarily intermediate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The small subunit ribosomal RAN gene, the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of Gonyaulax polyedra were cloned, and their sequences were analyzed to better understand their evolutionary position. The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene was 1,794 nt long, the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene was approximately 3,500 nt long, and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene was 159 nt long. The first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) was 191 nt long, and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) was 185 nt long. The intergenic spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene (IGS) was about 2,200 nt long, indicating that 5,800 nt of transcribed sequences were separated by roughly 2,200 nt of intergenic spacer. The ribosomal RNA genes were repeated many times and arranged in a head-to-tail, tandemly repeated manner. The repeating unit of ribosomal RNA gene of G. polyedra was proposed to be 8,000 nt long. Based on the lengths of ribosomal RNA, sequence alignments with representative organisms, and phylogenetic analysis on ribosomal RNA, G. polyedra appears to be one of the alveolates branched from the eukaryotic crown and, among dinoflagellates, it seems to not have emerged early.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1990

In order to study the effect of GA3 on the phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins during germination in Zea mays, ribosomal proteins were labelled with 32P, extracted, electrophoresed and autoradiographed. There are five phosphorylated ribosomal proteins. One of these is in 40S subunit and has molecular weight of 33,000 daltons. Others are in 60S subunit and have molecular weights of 37,000, 16,000, 15,200 and 13,500, respectively. Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins was increased maximum 47.7% in shoots of Zea mays treated with GA3.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

Genetic relatedness of medically important Exophiala species such as E. dermatitidis, E. mansonii, and three E. jeanselmei varieties: jeanselmei, lecanii-corni, and heteromorpha was examined using PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) of ribosomal DNA, M-13, $(GTG)_5$ and nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS(internal transcribed space) II regions. Three E. jeanselmei varieties showing distinct band patterns for each DNA markers as well as different nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS II regions could be considered as a separate species. E. dermatitidis and E. mansonii demonstrated the identical band patterns of RFLP of ribosomal DNA, M-13, and $(GTG)_5$ markers. However, nucleotides sequences of ribosomal ITS II region were different between these two species.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 1986

효모 세포(S. uvarum)를 재료로 하여 배양 시기 및 sugar starvation시기에 특이하게 출현 또는 유도되는 RNase의 localization과 특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 정상 배양 시기 및 sugar starvation시킨 효모 세포를 세포 분획구에 따라 RNase 활성도를 측정하는 한편 ribosome 양의 변화를 조사하였다. 특히 ribosomal 분획구에서 추출한 RNase들을 poly(C)와 반응시킨 후 생성물을 TLC에 적응하여 효소의 특성 및 유도 여부를 조사하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 세포 분획구 중 $45,000{\times}g$ pellet 분획구 및 Postribomosal 분획구에서는 배양 시기나 sugar starvation에 관계없이 RNase의 활성도는 유의하게 증감하지 않았으나, ribosomal 분회구에서는 정체기와 sugar starvation시 활성도가 각각 2배, 10배 이상 급격히 증가하였다. ribosome의 양적 동태를 살펴보면 early log phase의 세포에 비하여, 정체기 세포와 sugar starvation시킨 세포에서는 $1/3{\sim}1/6$까지 급격히 감소하였다. TLC의 결과 rRNase의 종류는 early log phase에서는 oligonuclease와 3'-ribonuclease, 5'-ribonuclease,stationarf phase에서는 oligonuclease, 3'-ribonuclease, sugar starvation 시켰을 때는 3'-ribonuclease, 5'-ribonuclease의 활성이 나타났다. 그리고 완전 배지를 사용한 효모 세포에서는 공통적으로 oligonuclease의 활성이 나타난 반면, sugar starvation시킨 효모 세포에서는 oligonuclease의 활성은 나타나지 않았다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2005

Ribosomal protein complex with ribosomal RNA to form the subunits of the ribosome serve essential functions in protein synthesis. A full-length cDNA (PRPS4) encoding ribosomal protein S4 has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined in ginseng plant (Panax ginseng). A PRPS4 cDNA is 1105 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 792 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 264 residues (pI 10.67). The deduced amino acid sequence of PRPS4 matched to the previously reported ribosomal protein S4 genes. Their degree of amino acid identity ranged from 68 to $92\%$. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid residues showed that the PRPS4 grouped with ribosomal protein S4 of S. tuberosum (CAA54095).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

A cDNA clone encoding the ribosomal protein S20 has been isolated from the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library by colony hybridization. The insert contained in the original plasmid pYJ10 was transferred intro shuttle vector pRS316 generate plasmid pYJll. The dDNA insert of plasmid pYJll, contains 484 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 118 amino acids with a calculated mass of 13,544 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 is very homologous with fruit fly, rat, and budding yeast counterparts. It is also homologous with Xenopus S22 ribosomal protein. S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 appears to be relatively hydruphobic except the C-terminal region. The 728 bp upstream region of the S20 gene was amplified from chromosomal DNA and transferred into the BamHI/EcoRI site of the promoterles $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the vector YEp357R, which resulted in fusion plasmid pYS20. The synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid appeared to be the highest in the mid-exponential phase. The S. pombe cells with the fusion plasmid grown at 35$\^{C}$ gave lower $\beta$-galactosidase activity than the cells grown at 30$\^{C}$. Computer analysis showed the consensus sequence CAGTCACA in the upstream regions of various ribosomal protein genes in S. pombe, which would be involved in the coordinated expression of small ribosomal proteins.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.963-966
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• 2004

능이버섯의 16S ribosomal DNA일부분, IT1, 5.85 ribosomal DNA, ITS2의 전부분, 28S ribosomal DNA 일부분이 포함된 ITS영역의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이 부분은 716개의 염기쌍으로 구성되었다. 이를 Sarcadon속에 속하는 종들과 비교분석한 결과 같은 능이버섯의 ITS에 관한 다른 분석결과 염기치환 및 결실을 근거로 하였을 경우 $1.8\%$의 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 S. imbricatus와는 $1.8\%$, S. sequamous와는 $10\%$차이를 나타내었다. 이는 능이버섯이 숙주, 서식지 환경 등의 특수성 때문에 자연상태에서 유전자교류가 일어나지 않기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

We present a top down separation platform for yeast ribosomal proteins using affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis which is designed to allow deposition of proteins onto a substrate. FLAG tagged ribosomes were affinity purified, and rRNA acid precipitation was performed on the ribosomes followed by capillary electrophoresis to separate the ribosomal proteins. Over 26 peaks were detected with excellent reproducibility (<0.5% RSD migration time). This is the first reported separation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins using capillary electrophoresis. The two stages in this workflow, affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, share the advantages that they are fast, flexible and have small sample requirements in comparison to more commonly used techniques. This method is a remarkably quick route from cell to separation that has the potential to be coupled to high throughput readout platforms for studies of the ribosomal proteome.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.915-926
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• 2014

리보솜은 mRNA상의 유전정보를 단백질로 번역하는 세포에 필수적인 거대복합체이다. 이러한 리보솜은 리보 핵산단백질 복합체로, rRNA와 리보솜 단백질로 이루어져있다. 리보솜 조립과정은 리보솜 단백질 이외에도 많은 조립인자들이 각 구성요소의 조립을 도움으로써 이루어진다. 세포 내 리보솜 조립과정에 참여하는 조립인자들로 GTPase, ATPase, 샤페론, RNA helicase, 수식효소 등 다양한 단백질들이 알려졌다. 리보솜 조립과정 중 이러한 조립인자들은 리보솜 단백질 또는 rRNA의 수식에 참여하거나, 리보솜 단백질들과 rRNA의 조립 등을 돕는다. 이러한 리보솜 조립인자들에 관한 유전학적, 구조적, 생화학적 실험결과들이 많이 존재하지만 정확한 리보솜 조립과정과 이러한 조립인자들의 역할에 대해서는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 현재까지의 연구결과를 바탕으로 E. coli의 리보솜 조립과정을 돕는 단백질들에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2000

Determined sequences of 384 randomly selected clones in a PCR-based cDNA library of Antheraea yamamai could identify expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of highly expressed gene. One EST (fibroin) appeared 15 times, one EST (40S ribosomal protein S18) twelve times, one EST (ribosomal protein S24a) eleven times, ten times (ribosomal protein S8), nine times (60S ribosomal protein L10A), seven times (60S ribosomal protein S15A, S17, S17 and seroin), six times (ribosomal protein S8), five times (ribosomal protein S24, mariner transposase and P8 protein), four times (serpin 2), three times (heat shock protein 70 and poly A binding protein), and the remaining 6 ESTs twice (amylase, KIAA1006, elongation factor-1, transposon mag, translation initiation factor 4C, QM protein, transposase). Therefore, the 94 EST make it possible to identify 24 redundant clones that are candidates for highly expressed genes in posterior silk gland of this insect. The 24 redundant EST clones were identified in GenBank, but none of them was related to A. yamamai, suggesting that there are many unidentified genes which are highly expressed in the A. yamamai genome.