• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Thin crystalline silicon (C-Si) solar cell is expected to be a low price energy source by decreasing the consumption of Si. However, thin c-Si solar cell entails the bowing and crack issues in high temperature manufacturing process. Thus, the conventional tabbing process, based on high temperature soldering (> $250^{\circ}C$), has difficulties for applying to thin c-Si solar cell modules. In this paper, a conductive paste (CP) based interconnection process has been proposed to fabricate thin c-Si solar cell modules with high production yield, instead of existing soldering materials. To optimize the process condition for CP based interconnection, we compared the performance and stability of modules fabricated under various lamination temperature (120, 150, and $175^{\circ}C$). The power from CP based module is similar to that with conventional tabbing process, as modules are fabricated. However, the output of CP based module laminated at $120^{\circ}C$ decreases significantly (14.1% for Damp heat and 6.1% for thermal cycle) in harsh condition, while the output drops only in 3% in the samples process at $150^{\circ}C$, $175^{\circ}C$. The peel test indicates that the unstable performance of sample laminated at $120^{\circ}C$ is attributed to weak adhesion strength (1.7 N) between cell and ribbon compared to other cases (2.7 N). As a result, optimized lamination temperature for CP based module process is $150^{\circ}C$, considering stability and energy consumption during the fabrication.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.859-879
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• 2004

As a result of research, the characteristics of the general costumes from the king Young-Cho period to the king Jung-Cho period in Genre Paintings of Mung-Hyun Oho, Yong Yun, In-Sang Lee, Hee-Eon Kang follows. First, the typical man wore his hair in a topknot(sangtu), and put on 'Bung-gu-ji', 'Lip', or a scarf on his head. The length of the 'Jeogori'(Korean traditional jacket) was long enough to cover the waist. Dress for work had side slits, and had half length sleeve Jeogori, and short pants looked like 'Jam-bang-i'. They went barefoot and wore 'Jipsin'(Korean traditional straw shoes). Dress for outdoor was 'Po' that knot at front of chest by band. 'Baji'(slacks) were with knot below knee, worn 'Hang-jun'(ankle band) and the width of slacks was suitable. They were 'Beoseon'(Korean traditional socks) and shoes. Second those in the upperc1ass and those in the military put on 'Mang-geon', 'Gat', 'Sa-bang-gan', 'Tang-geon', 'Bok-geon' on their head on a topknot. Most of them wore 'So-chang-i', 'Jung-chi-mag' or 'Do-po'. The length of Jeogori covered the waist or the hip and were tied with 'Go-rum'(ribbon). Baji was tied with Hang-jun and 'Dae-nim'. The waist of the slacks were tied with a dark colored waist-band and folded down their waist of slacks. They wore white color Beoseon and 'Hye' or dark color leather shoes. They wore 'Sup'(assistant of arm) for bow. It showed the lifestyle of the 18C with fan, 'Be-ru', 'Mug', 'Yun-jug', teacup, pot, etc. Third, child's hair was short or knotted to the back of the head. The length of Jeogori reached waist line, Git of Jeogori was 'Dunggurai-Kit'(shape of round) and other style Jeogori, which reached the hip line, had side-slit. Baji was tied with Dae-nim, and the width of the slacks is suitable. They hang 'Yum-nang'(Pocket). Final, most women worked outdoors wearing their hair in a high twisted style, or covered it with scarf. They wore Jeogori and 'Chima'(Korean traditional skirts), Bagi. They folded up the sleeves of the Jeogori. And they folded the 'Jambang-i-styled' pants to just above the knees, fastening at the waist. When they wore skirts, they also wore underpants under the skirt that went down to the knees. Most of them went barefoot and wore straw shoes, Jipsin. Through genre paintings, we can understand the ways and forms of our ancestor's clothing. And with our understanding, interest, and passion, we can be familiar with Hanbok in our daily life by succeeding and creating its peculiar style. And then we can promote the globalization of Hanbok.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.714-721
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• 2016

This paper proposes a simple process to fabricate tin and brass metal discs with a large surface area from molten droplets for the wet-refining process of nonferrous metals by assuming they have precious metal elements. To optimize the droplet condition in a graphite crucible, the appropriate nozzle size was determined using a simulation program (STAR-CCM+) by varying the diameters (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm). The simulation results showed that both tin and brass do not fall out with a 0.5 mm diameter nozzle but they do fall out in continuous ribbon mode with a 2.0 mm nozzle. Only the 1.0mm nozzle was expected to fabricate droplets. Finally, solidified metal discs were fabricated successfully with the 1.0 mm nozzle within 10 minutes by impacting the droplets with a cooling water flowing over a Ti plate placed at the $40^{\circ}$ falling direction. The weight, average thickness, and surface area of the tin discs were 0.15 g, $107.8{\mu}m$, and $3.71cm^2$, respectively. The brass discs were 1.16 g, $129.15{\mu}m$, and $23.98cm^2$, respectively. The surface area of the tin and brass disc were 8.2 and 17.6 times the size of the tin and brass droplets, respectively. This process for precious metal extraction is expected to save cost and time.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2003

To observe the effect of excitation coil pitch on the micro fluxgate magnetic sensor, two sensors are fabricated using multi layer board process and the pitch distance of excitation coil are $260\;{\mu}m$ and $520\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The fluxgate sensor consists of five PCB stack layers including one layer of magnetic core and four layers of excitation and pick-up coils. The center layer as magnetic core is made of a Co-based amorphous magnetic ribbon with extremely high DC permeability of ${\sim}100,000$ and has a rectangular-ring shape to minimize the magnetic flux leakage. Four outer layers as excitation and pick-up coils have a planar solenoid structure and are made of copper foil. In case of the fluxgate sensor having the excitation coil pitch of $260\;{\mu}m$, excellent linear response over the range of $-100\;{\mu}T$ to $+100\;{\mu}T$ is obtained with sensitivity of 780 V/T at excitation sine wave of $3V_{p_p}$ and 360 kHz. The chip size of the fabricated sensing element is $7.3\;{\times}\;5.7\;mm^2$. The very low power consumption of ${\sim}8\;mW$ is measured. This magnetic sensor is very useful for various applications such as: portable navigation systems, telematics, VR game and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.106
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

In this paper, the cryogenically cooled low noise amplifier module for radio telescope receiver front-end using pHE-MT MMIC is designed and fabricated. In the selection of MMIC, the MMIC fabricated with the pHEMTS providing successful cryogenic operation are chosen. They are mounted in the housing using the thin film substrate. In the design of the housing, the absorber and the elimination of the gap between the carrier and the housing as well removed the unnecessary oscillations by its structure. The mismatch is improved by ribbon-tuning to provide the best performance at room temperature. The fabricated module shows the gain of $35dB{\pm}1dB$ and the noise figure of $2.37{\sim}2.57dB$ at room temperature over $21.5{\sim}23.5GHz$. In the cryogenic temperature of $15^{\circ}K$ cooled by He gas, the measured gain was above 35 dB and flatness ${\pm}2dB$ and the noise temperatures of $28{\sim}37^{\circ}K$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Deuterium was injected into melt-spun ribbons of ${\alpha}-Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ using the electrolytic hydrogenation method, and the magnetic properties of these ${\alpha}-D_{x}Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ ribbons were studied. By comparing these results with those of ${\alpha}-H_{x}Fe_{91}Zr_{9}$, the effects of phonons to magnetic properties were investigated. The Curie temperature $T_{c}$, and the spontaneous magnetizations of the $D_{47}Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ and the $Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ were studied using the Mbssbauer spectroscopy. From these investigations, it was found that the Curie temperature of $D_{x}Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ was 75K higher than that of $Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$. It was believed that this indicated the importance of local deformation to the amorphous magnetism. Also by comparing the spontaneous magnetizations of $D_{47}Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ with those of $Fe_{90}Zr_{10}$ as a function of temperature, it was found that the deuterium injection reduced the fluctuation of exchange integral.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

This paper presents a micro fluxgate magnetic sensor in printed circuit board (PCB). In order to observe the effect of the closed magnetic path, the magnetic cores of rectangular-ring and two bars were each fabricated. Each fluxgate sensor consists of five PCB stack layers including one layer magnetic core and four layers of excitation and pick-up coils. The center layer as a magnetic core is made of a Co-based amorphous magnetic ribbon with extremely high DC permeability of ~100,000. Four outer layers as an excitation and pick-up coils have a planar solenoid and are made of copper foil. In case of the fluxgate sensor having the rectangular-ring shaped core, excellent linear response over the range of -100 $\mu$T to ＋ 100 $\mu$T is obtained with 540 V/Tsensitivity at excitation square wave of 3 $V_{p-p}$ and 360 KHz. The chip size of the fabricated sensing element is $7.3 \times 5.7\textrm{mm}^2$. The very low power consumption of ~8 mW was measured. This magnetic sensor is very useful for various applications such as: portable navigation systems, telematics, VR game and so on.n.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

This research concerns with the urbanization in Pusan City, the largest port city of Korea focus on the changes of traffic volume from 1970 to 1994. These results are as follow: (1) Urbanization of Pusan City has progressed with increasing the efficiencies of streets. At the first, it's ribbon developed along the main artery toward inland. Urbanization is the process of bear a resemblance to characteristics of CBD. It has both expansion and diffusion processed, simultaneously. Urbanization has progressed centered certain nuclei and developed with more varieties are ally and temporally. (2) Traffic volumes according to times which go and return to piers affected to the traffic pattern of the some parts within the city, it is one of characteristics in port city. Variation of traffic volumes according to times much greater at the nearer streets the piers and connected street with it than the rest of the areas within the city. Rivers and mountains affecting to the traffic pattern and play roles of diffusion barriers for urbanization. (3) In the mid-1980, regions which locate along the main arteries had reached to as same level of urbanization as central part of the city. And higher ranked central places within Pusan City developed toward pattern of CBD in the past. It suggests that these central places revoluted to the recreation of CBD function in the past. (4) Urbanization has developed as same as cell differentiation in process, and it encouraged the more greater variation among the regions and become clear the hierarchy of central places within the city.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

The materials analysis is important in conservation science for cultural assets since conservators can make appropriate decision of treatment and environment through understanding manufacturing, period and materials. Palsapumdo is the painting of Palsapum which was given by Yi Sun-shin from the emperor Shinjong in The Ming Dynasty. Palsapumdo painted with various pigments on the fabric has remained to adhere a sheet of lining paper. In this study, we carried out the fiber identification about the fabric and lining paper and the analysis of the pigments. This study identified a fabric and a lining paper and analised pigments for the painting. As a result of fabric analysis, it was confirmed as cotton because ribbon twists and shape of kidney bean in a cross section. After the analysis of lining paper, color changed to yellow by Graff "C" staining tests, and had short fiber and tracheid. Therefore, it is supposed to be a paper which is made of conifer pulp. In addition, the results of SEM-EDS, the pigments are indicated as Orpiment($As_2S_3$), Minium($Pb_3O_4$), Hematite($Fe_2O_3$), Emeraldgreen ($C_2H_3As_3Cu_2O_8$), Ultramarine [$2(Na_2O{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2){\cdot}Na_2S_2$], talc[$Mg_3Si_4O_{10}(OH)_2$], bariumsulfate($BaSO_4$) and brass.