• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2017

A 3 year-old black goat was presented to Animal and Plant Quarantine agency for diagnosis in June, 2017. She was intaken feed with Rhododendron schlippenbachii the day before death. The clinical signs included loss of appetite, lethargy, hypersalivation, astasia, yelling. At necropsy, foamy discharge were observed in the airway. Histologically, foreign body, eosinphil and macrophges was observed in alveolar lumen of lung. Grayanotoxin derived from Rhododendrons was detected in ruminal contents. Based on the pathological and toxine examination, we diagnosed this case as grayanotoxin poisoning in a black goat.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

A total of 45 scale insects belonging to 29 genera of five families were recognized on 15 kind of flowering plants on the basis of specimens collected in 2003 and specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of NIAST in Korea. Three species were recognized on Korean forsythia, four on chrysanthemum, 15 on common camellia, seven on kobus magnolia, three on rose of sharon, one on Indian lilac, six on rose, seven on rhododendrons, two on bamboo palm, three on benjamin tree, 12 on evergreen euonymus, five on Japanese yew, two on corn plant, six on orchids and two on cacti. Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) and Pseudaonidia paeoniae (Cockerell) on common camellia and Pulvinaria citricolar Kuwana on rose of sharon are reported for the first time from the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2006

Historically, the common folk have made use of various wild herbs for both food and medicinal purposes. However, the misuse of these wild herbs can lead to adverse consequences, including severe poisoning in some cases. In cases of poisoning from wild herbs, patients can exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the herbs involved, which in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms may include hemodynamic alteration and abnormal neurologic signs. In the present case, two patients were admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of toxicity after consuming Rhododendron brachycarpum liquor. Rhododendron brachycarpum and other wild herbs contain the toxic material grayanotoxin. Because of its serious toxic symptoms, great caution must be exercised in using rhododendrons for food and medicinal purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2020

In this study, the effects of windbreak fences composed of natural vegetation on one-year-old seedlings were analyzed to develop restoration methods for an endangered subalpine species, the dwarf Siberian pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel). One-year-old seedlings were planted in 2016 by sowing seeds that had been collected from the Daecheongbong area on Mt. Seoraksan, South Korea, in 2014. The area near Daecheongbong was selected as the experimental site, and treatment and control plots (2m×2m) were installed at the site. To analyze the effects of wind protection, windbreak fences were constructed in the treatment plots using hairy Korean rhododendrons (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai) from the surrounding area and weather stations were installed to investigate atmospheric temperature, humidity, and wind speed. In all control plots without windbreak fences, dwarf Siberian pine seedlings were killed by strong winds seven months after planting. In contrast, the average survival rate of the seedlings in treatment plots was 96.7% after seven months, 64.2% after two years, and 45% after three years, with most (85.3%) of the seedlings showing good initial root establishment. Accordingly, windbreak fences composed of natural vegetation are suitable for promoting the early establishment of seedlings in the restoration of dwarf Siberian pine stands.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.435-450
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• 2018

Phenological events of four Rhododendron tree species (viz. R. arboreum, R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi, R. barbatum and R. kesangiae) was monitored in temperate mixed broad-leaved forests of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Phenological events like flower bud formation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit maturing, seed dispersal, leaf bud formation, leaf flushing, and leaf shedding were recorded. Indices i.e., phenophase sequence index (PSI), active phenophasic period of the species (APS) and index of reproductive/vegetative activity (RVA) were also calculated. Present study revealed that bark consistency, growth form and leaf pattern of the studied species have showed variations among the species. Rhododendron species exhibited the phenological events overlapping with other phenophases. The peak flower bud formation was observed during the winter; R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi start flowering from December, while the flowering in rest three species exhibited during February to April. Fruit setting occurred during summer to autumn while fruit maturation revealed peak during November. Leaf bud formation illustrated two peaks in April and May, leaf flushing exhibited peak in June, while leaf shedding peaked during October to November. Active phenophasic period of the species were found 12 months, which revealed that species engage in various phenophase activities throughout the year. Phenophase sequence index ranged between 0.8 to 0.9 (PSI ${\geq}0.6$), signifies that species have a sequential arrangement of phenophases. Index of reproductive/vegetative activity of the species exemplified >1, indicate that the reproductive phenophases were dominance over vegetative phenophases. The study have provided substantial insight on the life cycle events of Rhododendron species and ecological approaches for further scientific study with recent climate change and effective management and conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2020

The followings are the landscape preference aspects from the 816 landscapes(景, Kyung), which comprise the 78 modern Palkyungs, presented by the 78 local governments in Korea. First, the natural environment elements selected as Kyung(景), which are topographical landscapes, mostly consist of mountain elements such as mountains, terrace(臺), rocks and stones and water elements classified as rivers, oceans, and lakes. Natural elements also include old-growth and giant trees such as pines, ginkgos, Japanese cornels and fringe trees, tree-lined streets and forests, and plant elements such as azaleas, rhododendrons, lotuses, reeds, and silver grasses which provide seasonal landscapes. Second, more than half of Kyung, selected as human environment elements, are historical and cultural heritages such as graveyards, mountain fortresses, town fortresses, traditional villages, pavilion in villas, and temples. And it is followed by leisure tourism facilities such as traditional markets, exhibition halls, theme parks, beaches, and food streets, green-based structures such as trails, plazas, parks, and botanical gardens, and industrial heritages such as ranches, abandoned coal mines, stations, ports and bridges. Third, modern Palkyungs include objects not related to the views such as local representative facilities, regional products, and festivals. Fourth, although most of the modern Palkyungs consist of eight, some include 20, 38, or 100 in order to increase the number of objects of public relations. Fifth, a certain local government makes two modern Palkyungs with different subjects by introducing traditional Palkyung and modern Palkyung altogether. In this case, it presents several modern Palkyungs like by selecting Palkyungs in a limited area. Furthermore, one Palkyung includes numerous place names at a time in some cases. Sixth, Sosangjeonhyeong(瀟湘典型)-style modern Palkyung uses 'NakAn(落雁)' as the name of Kyung. Sosangyusahyeong(瀟湘類似型)-style modern Palkyung expresses 'Hyojong(曉鐘)' and landscape of glow of the setting sun, sunset, night view, dawn, sunrise and depicts cloud, sunset, moon, and snow. There are many Myeongsocheheomhyeong(名所體驗型)-style Palkyungs exhibiting the behavior of tourism and Myeongseunghyeong(名勝型)-style Palkyungs raising the awareness only by the names of the places. Seventh, modern Palkyung's naming styles are diverse, such as using only four letters instead of specifying Kyungmul(景物) or Kyungsaek(景色) in combination with Chinese characters or adding modifiers specializing in places.