• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Background: 8,000 children in North Korea died before they reached the 1 year after births in 2013. The high mortality rate of children under five years of age is mainly caused by infectious diseases and malnutrition. The need for national pediatric immunization and supply of vaccines will be vital when the abrupt reunification occurs. Objective: The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the pediatric immunization coverage of North Korea. Additionally it is to estimate the amount and the costs needed to vaccinate. Methods: The target population is the children of North Korea. The method is based on a pre-survey and an interview of North Korea defectors. The target interviewees searched for are as follows; doctors, teachers, and others. The interview includes questions on mortality rates and immunization coverage. The analysis is largely based on the statements of the health care providers within the selected group. Results: The interviewees are 8; 7 female and 1 male. The birth years range from 1956 to 1982. 3 out of 8 are former health care providers; a doctor, a pharmacist, and a nurse. The morbidity rate of infectious diseases exceeds the data from WHO. The immunization coverage is nearly 0% after 1980s. In order to ensure the welfare of North Korean children, at least 8,234,000 vaccine doses, requiring over 105 million U.S. dollars, are needed. Conclusion: The morbidity rate of infectious disease in North Korea is conspicuous. The preparation for supply and expenditure of vaccines is vital.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2016

This article reviewed the status of military force on the DMZ(demilitarized zone) without any confidential problems after literature reviewing on a ceasefire agreement and these powerful military force is judged to be a very serious setback to peaceful reunification of the Korean Peninsula. Also it suggests the ways to reduce inter-korean military force based on the political and economic phenomenon to preparing for an era of reunification of the Korean Peninsula. The easing of tension on the inter-korean military force is an essential element in building infrastructure of peaceful reunification. From now on, both Seoul and Pyongyang might check inter-Korea exchange cooperation Project and reconcile their differences. Primarily, The troops of DMZ would be minimized by Modernization for Military confidence-building. Increasing North-South hotline as possible further, it could contributes to ease of tension in case of emergency. Political and economic plans should be presented that do not arise the military tension simultaneously with ensuring political and economic aspects in the North Korea's regime.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 2013

We investigated the major trends in health aid financing in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by identifying the primary donor organizations and examining several data sources to track overall health aid trends. We collected gross disbursements from bilateral donor countries and international organizations toward the DPRK according to specific health sectors by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development creditor reporting system database and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs financial tracking service database. We analyzed sources of health aid to the DPRK from the Republic of Korea (ROK) using the official records from the ROK's Ministry of Unification. We identified the ROK, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) as the major donor entities not only according to their level of health aid expenditures but also their growing roles within the health sector of the DPRK. We found that health aid from the ROK is comprised of funding from the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, private organizations, local governments, and South Korean branches of international organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. We also distinguished medical equipment aid from developmental aid to show that the majority of health aid from the ROK was developmental aid. This study highlights the valuable role of the ROK in the flow of health aid to the DPRK, especially in light of the DPRK's precarious international status. Although global health aid from many international organizations has decreased, organizations such as GFATM and UNFPA continue to maintain their focus on reproductive health and infectious diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.382-397
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• 2016

This study focuses on the lessons and implications of Germany's measures for the social integration after the reunification, and especially the Germany's measure on labor reproduction for the economic stability of East Germany. This analysis indicates, whether South Korea is going to achieve gradual and peaceful reunification or absorb North Korea due to its sudden collapse, that the reunification, in any case, requires the social integration through economic stability of both North and South. In order to ensure national reconciliation, recovery of homogeneity, and establishment of identity for the economically stable social integration, the new integration of educational system is necessary. Especially, the objective of this study is to find the role and direction of vocational education for the stability of the North Korea's labor market and economic life in order to socially integrate South Koreans with its Northern counterparts. First of all, this study examined a priori example of the experiences during West Germany's social integration process, i.e. the vocational education promotion process for the social stability and economic life. It figured out the problem of vocational education for the integrity as well as analyzed the vocational education differences and integration promotion system between East & West Germany. Even though East and West Germany showed their disparities in each vocational education, they corroborated each other by finding one similar system such as bifurcation, which lead to the integration of the labor market and new vocational education policy for the economic stability. Despite the West Germany's support for the socio-economic integration, nevertheless, the East Germany's capacity turned out to be insufficient, which resulted in the failure of the policy. Based on above discussion, this study intended to suggest the efficient solutions of vocational education for the internal reunification of South and North Korea by promoting the independence and self-support of North Koreans and leading the stability of labor market and economic for the future reunification.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.107-126
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• 2024

This study was initiated to explore the Christian educational challenges of building a "Peer Consciousness" in North and South Korea after reunification. During the period of division, North and South Korea have became heterogeneous in almost all elements of society, including politics, economy, culture, and education. Considering the various social conflicts that the two heterogeneous societies will experience in the process of reunification, the issue of social integration is no longer a side issue of institutional integration or economic integration, but has become an essential element in itself. This is why the Korean church and Christian scholars need to study in depth the social conflicts and integration issues that may arise before and after reunification. For the study, we analyzed the forms of social conflict based on the theory of ''Human Needs Theory', which states that human needs are the conditions for social conflict. Social conflicts stem from the unfulfillment of various human needs, which in turn extend to identity conflicts that seek to form a sense of belonging. In light of the case of unified Germany, where social conflicts converged into identity conflicts, I predicted that conflicts in unified Korea will soon become identity conflicts. The direction of Christian education that should suture the conflicts in the post-reunification society was derived from theological reflection on the concept of 'publicness of Christian education' and 'kingdom of God'. As a concrete educational plan for social integration, I presented the discourse of love of God and love of neighbor through Christian education for dual identity as a citizen and disciple, and emphasized the need for re-socialization education through faith communities

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.2107-2120
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• 2014

Natural environmental protection system in North Korea is rarely understood mainly because of lack of information in scientific and legislative fields. Legislation is very important to achieve goal for protected areas, which are described in "Natural Protected Area Law(NPAL)". Cabinet of North Korea has authorities to lead the Central Agency for Land and Environment Conservation(CALEC). Designation and managements of natural protected areas are regarded as CALEC and local governments responsibilities. There are many differences between South and North Korea. Especially legislation system has many differences. North Korea's Labor Party is superior to the Government and Labor Party's order has at least the same authority to regulate and manage the national policy and means. With NPAL, CALEC organizes the national plan for natural protected area and regulate the activities of the Agencies for Land and Environment Conservation in the aspects of action plan, budget and other resources. For the reunification in the future, legislation system of North Korea should be understood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.605-609
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• 2001

While South Korea's wire and witless communications attain a world-wide level in the latest information-oriented society, North Korea's communications infra get fared with underdeveloped situation even not to meet a basic telephone demand as the 70's in South korea. The exchange and cooperation between the Sout h and North' korea's in the formation & telecommunication field implies the important point that makes ready for the reunification of North and South as the core of the exchange and cooperation in an economic and society, other field. Therefore a communications satellite as the infrastructure for the network construction preparing the reunification can be the most suitable plan for the communication infrastructure in korea's area be cause it is easy to build a network and gets an advantage to service all area of south anti north korea at a n/time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.358-361
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• 2016

The North and South Korea for the peaceful reunification of the Republic of Korea, to lead the transformation and reform, and to complement the policy making and negotiations, there is a need for cyber security policy to practice. This paper explores the definition and overseas cyber terrorism and cyber warfare correspondence, correspondence between the versions of the technology between versions. Analysis of cyber security activities in the North and South confrontation, and research the cyber security policy against the unification. In this study, we compared the unification to build and operate a secure cyberspace from cyber threats and cyber security policy suggestions for ways of rational and legal.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-114
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• 2007

This study was performed to decide how to do research and resolve on mental health problems of the people after reunification, which is recognized as ultimately important issue. At first we analyzed the case of Germany. To do so, we reviewed the existing research, which included various issues such as reunification for the Germans, chronological research flow analysis, the issues of mental health, research methods for mental health problems, therapy for mental health problems and so on. And then we sought the ways to connect research for the North Korean defectors and unification era, and suggested the several research orientation and methods for mental health study of the unification period.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.312-323
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• 2003

This writer absolutely agrees with the government that regional disequilibrium is severe enough to consider moving the administrative capital. Pursuing this course solely to establish a balanced development, however, is not a convincing enough reason. The capital city is directly related to not only the social and economic situation but, much more importantly, to the domestic political situation as well. In the mid-1970s, the proposal by the Third Republic to move the capital city temporarily was based completely on security reasons. At e time, the then opposition leader Kim, Dae-jung said that establishing a safe distance from the demilitarized zone(DMZ) reflected a typically military decision. His view was that retaining the capital city close to the DMZ would show more consideration for the will of the people to defend their own country. In fact, independent Pakistan moved its capital city from Karachi to Islamabad, situated dose to Kashmir the subject of hot territorial dispute with India. It is regrettable that no consideration has been given to the urgent political situation in the Korean peninsula, which is presently enveloped in a dense nuclear fog. As a person requires health to pursue his/her dream, a country must have security to implement a balanced territorial development. According to current urban theories, the fate of a country depends on its major cities. A negligently guarded capital city runs the risk of becoming hostage and bringing ruin to the whole country. In this vein, North Koreas undoubted main target of attack in the armed communist reunification of Korea is Seoul. For the preservation of our state, therefore, it is only right that Seoul must be shielded to prevent becoming hostage to North Korea. The location of the US Armed Forces to the north of the capital city is based on the judgment that defense of Seoul is of absolute importance. At the same time, regardless of their different standpoints, South and North Korea agree that division of the Korean people into two separate countries is abnormal. Reunification, which so far has defied all predictions, may be realized earlier than anyone expects. The day of reunification seems to be the best day for the relocation of the capital city. Building a proper capital city would take at least twenty years, and a capital city cannot be dragged from one place to another. On the day of a free and democratic reunification, a national agreement will be reached naturally to find a nationally symbolic city as in Brazil or Australia. Even if security does not pose a problem, the governments way of thinking would not greatly contribute to the balanced development of the country. The Chungcheon region, which is earmarked as the new location of the capital city, has been the greatest beneficiary of its proximity to the capital region. Not being a disadvantaged region, locating the capital city there would not help alleviate regional disparity. If it is absolutely necessary to find a candidate region at present, considering security, balanced regional development and post-reunification scenario of the future, Cheolwon area located in the middle of the Korean peninsula may be a plausible choice. Even if the transfer of capital is delayed in consideration of the present political conflict between the South and the North Koreas, there is a definite shortcut to realizing a balanced regional development. It can be found not in the geographical dispersal of the central government, but in the decentralization of power to the provinces. If the government has surplus money to build a new symbolic capital city, it is only right that it should improve, for instance, the quality of drinking water which now everyone eschews, and to help the regional subway authority whose chronic deficit state resoled in a recent disastrous accident. And it is proper to time the transfer of capital city to coincide with that of the reunification of Korea whenever Providence intends.