• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

Photo-mutagenic compounds have been known to alter skin cancer rates by acting as initiators or by affecting subsequent steps in carcinogenesis. The objectives of this study are to investigate the utility of photo-chromosomal aberration (photo-CA) assay for detecting photo-clastogens, and to evaluate its ability to predict rodent photocarcinogenicity. Photo-CA assay was performed with five test substances that demonstrated positive results in photo-carcinogenicity tests: 8-Methoxypsoralen (photoactive substance that forms DNA adducts in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation), chlorpromazine (an aliphatic phenothiazine an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent), lomefloxacin (an antibiotic in a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones), anthracene (a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon a basic substance for production of anthraquinone, dyes, pigments, insecticides, wood preservatives and coating materials) and Retinoic acid (a retinoid compound closely related to vitamin A). For the best discrimination between the test substance-mediated genotoxicity and the undesirable genotoxicity caused by direct DNA absorption, a UV dose-response of the cells in the absence of the test substances was firstly analyzed. All 5 test substances showed a positive outcome in photo-CA assay, indicating that the photo-CA test is very sensitive to the photo-genotoxic effect of UV irradiation. With this limited data-set, an investigation into the predictive value of this photo-CA test for determining the photo-carcinogenicity showed that photo-CA assay has the high ability of a test to predict carcinogenicity. Therefore, the photo-CA test using mammalian cells seems to be a sensitive method to evaluate the photo-carcinogenic potential of new compounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1075-1081
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• 2014

CRBP1 (cellular retinol binding protein 1) and CRBP3 (cellular retinol binding protein 3), are important components of the retinoid signaling pathway and take part in vitamin A absorption, transport and metabolism. Based on the role of vitamin A in chicken laying performance, we investigated the polymorphism of CRBP1 and CRBP3 genes in 349 chickens using single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. Only one polymorphism was identified in the third intron of CRBP1, two polymorphisms were detected in CRBP3; they were located in the second intron and the third intron respectively. The association studies between these three SNPs and laying performance traits were performed in Erlang mountainous chicken. Notably, the SNP g.14604G>T of CRBP1 was shown to be significantly associated with body weight at first egg (BWFE), age at first egg (AFE), weight at first egg (WFE) and total number of eggs with 300 age (EN). The CRBP3 polymorphism g.934C>G was associated with AFE, and the g.1324A>G was associated with AFE and BWFE, but none of these polymorphisms were associated with egg quality traits. Haplotype combinations constructed on these two SNPs of CRBP3 gene were associated with BWFE and AFE. In particular, diplotype H2H2 had positive effect on AFE, BWFE, EN, and average egg-laying interval. We herein describe for the first time basic research on the polymorphism of chicken CRBP1 and CRBP3 genes that is predictive of genetic potential for laying performance in chicken.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.787-799
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• 2020

Objectives: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare papulosquamous disorder with unknown etiology. Studies on adults have not been conducted yet in Korean medicine. We report the progress of Korean medicine treatment for adult-type pityriasis rubra pilaris. Methods: A 62-year-old female patient was diagnosed with PRP in June 2019. After the diagnosis of PRP, retinoid treatment was continued for about 6 months, and then the drug was switched to an oral immunosuppressant. However, the patient's symptoms did not improve, but instead worsened. The patient was treated with Mihudeungsikjang-tang and acupuncture therapy. We evaluated her treatment progress based on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the changes in the patient's subjective symptoms. Results: After Korean medicine treatment, the DLQI and VAS scores improved from 18 points to 16 points and from 6 points to 4 points, respectively. The whole-body itching and scaling were reduced by 30% compared to pretreatment. The itching and pain in the neck, which had been severely symptomatic, decreased by 50%. The pain and dysesthesia in the upper and lower extremities disappeared, but the erythema still remained. Conclusions: Conventional treatments for PRP have limitations due to adverse effects and difficulty in treating refractory forms. Korean medicine treatment is worth considering as it can complement the limitations of conventional treatments, although more studies will be needed.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1999

Objectives : To analyze the effect of retinoids on the differentiation in HNSCC xenografts. Materials and Methods : RA (20mg/kg) or 13-cis-RA (60mg/kg) was orally administered once in a day for 30 days in the xenograft model we prepared using athymic nude mice with AMCHN-4 and -6. We carried out H & E staining and immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody against involucrin and cytokeratin 10. Results : Both RA and 13-cis-RA were found to suppress the differentiation of AMC-HN-4. Interestingly, RA enhanced the differentiation of AMC-HN-6, although 13-cis RA did not exhibit any effect on the differentiation. These results suggest that in vivo effect of retinoids on the HNSCC growth and differentiation might be various. Retinoids-induced P450 in AMC-HN-6 might be one of the mechanisms to explain the reason why the retinoids exhibit various functions in the HNSCC.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes and isoforms in human serum have a major diagnostic value, therefore the regulation of ALP activities is a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. To assess the pharmacological activity of retinoids, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, their tissue-specific inhibitory effect on human serum ALP activity was elucidated by chemical inhibition methods, heat-sensitive inactivation, and wheat-germ lectin precipitation test. Retinoids showed significant inhibition of the total ALP activity in human serum at a concentration of 5 mM. All-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) inhibited ALP activities by up to 12% and 15%, respectively, compared to that by guanidine hydrochloride (200 mM). L-phenylalanine (100 mM) and urea (30 mM) had no further inhibitory effect on ALP activities in human serum pretreated with retinoids (5 mM). Retinoids significantly inhibited ALP activities by up to 20% compared with that of tetramisole (30 mM). The ALP activities in retinoid-pretreated serum remained unchanged after the heat inactivation process. These results suggest that retinoids are inhibitors of the intestinal ALP isoenzyme. Remarkably, retinoids revealed potent inhibitory activities against ALP in wheat-germ lectin precipitant serum, indicating that they also function as inhibitors of the bone ALP isoform. The results show that retinoids inhibit the specific tissue-derived human serum ALP activities, moreover, the inhibitory effect of retinoids against bone ALP activity suggests their clinical utility as monitoring and prevention of metastasis of bone cancer.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, tributyltin chloride (TBT), induces not only imposex in gastropods but also the differentiation of adipocytes in vitro and increases adipose mass in vivo in vertebrates. TBT is a nanomolar affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the rock shell(Thais clavigera) and for both the RXR and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor $\gamma(PPAR\gamma)$ in the amphibian (Xenopus laevis), mouse, and human. The molecular mechanisms underlying induction of imposex by TBT have not been clarified, though several hypotheses are proposed. TBT promotes adipogenesis in the murine 3T3-L1 cell model and perturbs key regulators of adipogenesis and lipogenic pathways in vivo primarily through activation of RXR and $PPAR\gamma$. Moreover, in utero exposure to TBT leads to strikingly elevated lipid accumulation in adipose depots, liver, and testis of neonate mice and results in increased adipose mass in adults. In X. laevis, ectopic adipocytes form in and around gonadal tissues following organotin, RXR or $PPAR\gamma$ ligand exposure. TBT represents the first example of an environmental endocrine disrupter that promotes adverse effects from gastropods to mammals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1551-1558
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• 2008

The mammalian cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins, CRABP-I and CRABP-II, bind retinoic acid which acts as an inducer of differentiation in several biological systems. To investigate a possible role for CRABP-II in bovine adipogenesis, we have cloned bovine CRABP-II cDNA and the coding region for CRABP-I. The predicted amino acid sequences of CRABP-II were highly conserved among several animal species (human, mouse, and rat at 97%, 93%, and 93%, respectively). The expression pattern of bovine CRABP-II was examined in greater details by applying RT-PCR to various bovine tissues. CRABP-II mRNA was expressed in most adipose-containing tissues. Moreover, the expression of CRABP-I and -II mRNA dramatically increased during the differentiation of adipocytes from bovine intramuscular fibroblast-like cells. The effects of retinoic acid on adipocyte differentiation of bovine intramuscular fibroblast-like cells were concentration-dependent. Retinoic acid activated the formation of lipid droplets at a level of 1 nM, whereas inhibition was observed at a level of $1{\mu}M$. CRABP-I gene was up-regulated and CRABP-II gene down-regulated by retinoic acid during adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that CRABPs may play an important role in the regulation of intracellular retinoic acid concentrations during adipogenesis.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.710-717
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• 2002

주형분자로서 all-trans-retinoic acid를 사용하여 methacrylic acid (MAA)를 가교 중합함으로써 분자각인고분자를 제조하였다 제조된 분자각인고분자가 충전된 HPLC컬럼의 분리특성을 살펴본 결과 레티노이드 유도체에 대해 좋은 분리 특성을 보였다. 주형분자의 양이 일정할 경우 주형분자대비 MAA의 양이 증가할수록 컬럼의 성능인자와 선택도는 높게 나타났으며, 이는 확률적으로 보다 많은 호스트분자와 주형분자간의 결합소를 제공한데 따른 결과이다. 유화중합에 의해 제조된 분자각인 고분자입자는 둥근 형태로 관찰되었으며 그 크기도 용액중합에 의해 제조된 것에 비해 훨씬 일정하게 분산되었으나, 분리특성은 효율이 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다 이러한 이유는 유화중합에 의한 분자각인고분자 제조시 물과 MAA 또는 물과 주형분자간의 수소결합에 의해 MAA와 주형분자간의 결합력 및 결합소의 수에 손실이 있었기 때문이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Objective : Skin aging is commonly observed in patients with diabetes mellitus, which can be accessed by the amount of skin collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). In the present study, anti-skin-aging effects of Root Cortex of Paeonia Suffruticosa Andrews (PSA), which has been widely used to treat diabetes mellitus, are investigated. Methods : Streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected to rats to induce diabetes. Body weights, feed intake, organ weights, blood glucose, and other biochemical index are determined in both normal and diabetic rats. In order to study the effect of PSA on skin aging, the amount of skin collagen was measured in diabetic rats after PSA treatments. Also, MMP-1 synthesis in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts was investigated. Results : 1. When PSA was administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats, feed intake was significantly increased and blood glucose and total cholesterol were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, there are no differences in individual organ weights, GOT, and GPT. 2. A decrease of skin collagen in diabetic rats was significantly suppressed when PSA was treated. 3. PSA also inhibited MMP-1 synthesis in UVB-irradiated normal human skin fibroblasts, similar to retinoid, a well-known effective anti-skin-aging substance. Conclusion: PSA suppressed a collagen decrease in diabetic rats and inhibited MMP-1 synthesis in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, the treatment of PSA is very effective to slow down the skin aging process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2011

T0901317은 핵수용체 전사인자인 liver X receptor (LXR, NR1H2/3)의 강력한 합성 리간드이다. 그러나, T0901317은 farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4)와 pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2)에 대해 작용물질(agonist) 로, androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4)와 rertinoid-related orphan receptor-${\alpha}$ (ROR-${\alpha}$, NR1F1)에 대해 길항제(antagonist)로 작용하여, LXR외에 적어도 다른 4종의 핵수용체에 대해 그 활성을 조절한다고 보고되었다. 우리는 T0901317이 또 다른 핵수용체인 constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3)에 대해 저해제로 기능함을 확인 하였다. CAR는 이미 T0901317에 의해 기능이 조절된다고 알려진 PXR, FXR, LXR과 더불어 간에서 생체이물과 콜레스테롤의 대사작용에 중요한 역할을 하므로 T0901317에 의해 CAR의 활성이 조절된다는 사실은, 간세포에서 T0901317을 이용한 실험 결과를 해석할 때 세포 내에 이미 존재하는 이들 핵수용체 단백질의 영향을 고려하여 주의깊게 해석해야 함을 의미한다.