• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1986

보강토잡벽에 대한 합리적인 설계 및 시공방법에 관한 경험적인 자료를 제홍하기 위하여 실내 모형실험이 실시되었다. 본 모형실험에서는 각 축조 단계에서의 보강재의 인장력 변화를 보강재상에 부착된 스트레인 게이지에 의하여 계측되었다. 또한 다이알게이지에 의하여 보강토파벽의 수평이동이 측정되었고, 도건의 붕괴형태가 조사되었다. 모형실험에서 측정된 값들은 보강토옹벽에 대한 기존 연구 결과와 비교.논의하였다. 본 모형실험의 중요한 결과는 보강재의 인장력이 벽면가까이에서 최대가 되어 비선형적으로 변화하며, 벽체에 연결된 보강재가 전류에 대한 안정성을 증가시킨다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1294-1300
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• 2009

Recently, excavations in highly congest urban area have been increased. For the excavations conducted in extremely narrow spaces, we have been developing a novel soil reinforcement system of temporary retaining walls by using deep cement mixing method. The developing method installs largerdiameter ($\Phi$=300~500mm) and shorter reinforcement blocks than previous reinforcement system for mobilizing friction with soils, therefore it has advantages of not only shortening the length of reinforcement system but also reducing the amount of reinforcement. In this study, we performed a numerical analysis of the new reinforcement system by using a commercial finite element program, and evaluated the behavior of the reinforced retaining wall system under various conditions of the length, the diameter, the spacing, and the angle of the reinforcement system.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 최근 보강토 옹벽의 보강재와 시공법에 대한 국산화에 대한 요구로 전면벽체나 토목섬유 등을 대체할 수 있는 공법에 대한 개발 수요가 많아짐에 따라 경제적이고, 안정한 블록식 보강토 옹벽의 개발을 실시하고, 새롭게 고안된 블록식 보강토 옹벽에 대해 수치해석을 실시하여 거동특성에 대해 분석하였다. 제안된 보강토 옹벽은 첫째, 블록에 전단키를 두어 벽체를 일체화 하였으며, 둘째, 이론적인 파괴면에 보강재를 집중적으로 시공하여 전단 파괴면을 보강함으로써 옹벽의 안정성을 만족시키는 공법이다. 블록식 옹벽의 거동 특성을 분석하기 위해 해석에서 보강재의 사용 요소는 cable 요소와 strip 요소에 대해 수치해석을 실시하였으며, 보강재 길이, 간격, 블록의 일체화의 조건을 변화하여 해석하였다. 이러한 조건으로 해석한 결과 파괴면만 보강하는 경우보다 전면 벽체 블록과 체결을 위해 긴 보강재를 설치하는 경우가 보강효과를 증가시키고, 변위를 많이 구속할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 전면 벽체와 체결과 함께 일체화를 고려하기 위해 전단키를 설치하는 경우가 벽체를 개별요소로 해석한 경우보다 변위 구속효과가 있었다. 또한, 긴 보강재를 1간격과 2간격으로 시공한 경우의 발생 변형량은 AASHTO의 시공중 허용 발생변형량에 비해 작게 발생되어 본 연구에서 제안한 공법은 구조물의 중요도에 따라 보강재의 간격을 달리하여 현장에 적용할 수 있는 안정한 공법으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

The strength properties of wooden retaining wall which was made with pitch pine were evaluated. Wooden retaining wall was made with diameter 90 mm of pitch pine round posts treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole). The length of the front stretcher of the retaining wall was 3,000 mm. The distance between the headers (the notched member) is 1,000 mm in center and is 900 mm in side. There were connections every 2,000 mm because actually the length of stretcher is limited in the retaining wall. The strength test was carried out according to connection type because the section between stretchers can act as a defect. A result of the strength test according to connection type confirms that connection does not act as defect because the strength of retaining wall in single stretcher is similar to that in the section between stretchers. The strength test of the wooden retaining wall was carried out in 5 types according to the condition of the base section. When the upper soil pressure was 9.8 kN/$m^2$, the maximum load of the retaining wall fixing the front foundation shows higher values than those of others. But the total deformation is lower in the retaining wall not to fix a base section than in that to fix a base section. It is thought that the retaining wall not to fix a base section shows low value because the deformation is distributed throughout the retaining wall and it is confirmed that the soil pressure affects supporting the structure because the deformation of the retaining wall under low pressure is 3~4 fold higher than those of others. The failure mode of the retaining wall is the overturning type because the high section is deformed. Mostly, the failure mode is the separation of the header in the notched section.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 토목섬유 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.85-94
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• 1999

Reinforced Soil Wall has several merits comparing with conventional retaining wall. The conventional method has the limit of wall height, ununiform settlement of the foundation ground, quality assurance of the embankment body, shortening of construction period, economical construction and so on. Basis of previous mentioned things reinforced soil wall is the substitutional method of conventional retaining wall and its necessity is continuously increasing. The embanking material used in reinforced soil wall is generally limited such as a good quality sandy soil, and in many case constructors have to transfer such a good embanking material from far away to construction site. As a result, they would pressed by time and economy. If poor soils could be used embanking material, for example, clayey soil produced in-situ by cutting and excavation, the economical merit of reinforced soil wall would be increased more and more. Likewise, a lot of study about laboratory experimental behavior of reinforced soil wall using a good quality soil is being performed, but is rare study about clayey soil containing much volume of fine particle relatively in korea. In this study, the authors investigated behavior of the geosynthetic reinforced and unreinforced soil walls using clayey soil as embanking material in view of horizontal movement of walls, bearing capacity and reinforcement stress.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.553-563
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 탄소성 지반에서 지반스프링의 Coupling을 고려하여 토류벽의 거동을 해석하였다. 수치해석을 위해 벽체 양측의 지반을 탄소성 스프링으로 단순화하였고, 지반반력계수의 산정을 위해서 Terzaghi가 제안한 주동 및 수동상태에 필요한 수평변위를 p-y 특성곡선에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 전산프로그램의 신뢰성은 기존 컴퓨터 프로그램 및 현장 실측치와의 비교를 통해 검증하였다. 검증결과 지반스프링의 Coupling을 고려한 경우가 현장 실측치의 변위 및 토압에 접근함을 알 수 있었고, 모래질 흙에서 주동상태에 필요한 수평변위의 변화가 벽체의 변위에 이주 작은 영향만을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.734-741
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• 2008

At-rest and active earth pressure in plane strain condition have been applied to the design of cylindrical retaining walls. But many researchers have indicated that the earth pressure on the cylindrical retaining walls would be smaller than in plane strain condition due to wall deformation and stress relief. In this paper, the distribution of earth pressure acting on diaphragm wall of a shaft in dry sand was predicted by using the convergence confinement method and model test was performed to verify the estimated values. Test results showed that the earth pressure acting on the diaphragm wall of a shaft was expected to be 1.1~1.5 times larger than active earth pressure of plane strain condition and 0.7~0.9 times less than at-rest earth pressure.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.469-484
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• 2023

In this study, three types of structures-stepped gabion retaining walls, vertical gabion retaining walls, and parapets-were installed on the dam floor crest to prevent the overflow of deteriorative homogeneous reservoirs. The acceleration response, displacement behavior, and pore water pressure ratio behavior were compared and evaluated using shaking-table model tests. The experimental conditions were set to 0.154 g in consideration of the domestic standard and the seismic acceleration range according to the magnitude of the earthquake, and the input waveform was applied with Pohang, Gongen, and artificial earthquake waves. The acceleration response according to the design ground acceleration increased as the height of the embankment increased, and the observed value were larger in the range of 1.1 to 2.1 times the input acceleration for all structures. The horizontal and vertical displacements exhibited maximum values on the upstream slope, and the embankment was evaluated as stable and included within the allowable range for all waveforms. The settlement ratio considering the similarity law exhibited the least change in the case of the parapet structure. The amplification ratio was 1.1 to 1.5 times in all structures, with the largest observed in the dam crest. The maximum excess pore water pressure ratio was in the range of 0.010 - 0.021, and the liquefaction evaluation standard was within 1.0, which was considered very stable.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

The paper proposes a methodology that combines the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm and the Point Cloud Encoder-Decoder Network (PCEDNet) algorithm to automatically extract the length of infrastructure elements from point cloud data acquired through 3D LiDAR scans of retaining walls. This methodology is expected to significantly improve time and cost efficiency compared to traditional manual measurement techniques, which are crucial for the data-driven analysis required in the precision-demanding construction sector. Additionally, the extracted positional and dimensional data can contribute to enhanced accuracy and reliability in Scan-to-BIM processes. The results of this study are anticipated to provide important insights that could accelerate the digital transformation of the construction industry. This paper provides empirical data on how the integration of digital technologies can enhance efficiency and accuracy in the construction industry, and offers directions for future research and application.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.251-258
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• 2008

The use of reinforced earth walls in permanent structures is getting it's popularity. Despite a number of advantages of reinforced earth walls over conventional concrete retaining walls, there exit concerns over long-term residual deformation when subjected to repeated and/or cyclic loads, during their service period. In this investigation, the effect of preloading in reducing long term residiual deformation of back-to-back reinforced soil wall under sustained and/or repeated loading enviormentment using a series of reduced-scale model tests. It is found that the preloading technique can be an effective means of controlling residual deformations of reinforced soils under varisous loading conditions.