• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2009

To make measurable regulatory decisions of chemicals, it is necessary to consider their effect on the human health and ecosystem. In principle, this is based on relevant toxicity studies conducted by accepted guidelines. However, current regulatory programs in various countries confront challenges related to risk assessment of large numbers of chemicals within the restricted resources and time. Therefore there is a need for more efficient approach to limit the number of tests to be conducted. This promotes the development of powerful nontesting methods (e.g. (Q)SARs) and permits to use the predicted data for regulatory purpose. In this article, current status of non-testing methods in various chemical regulatory programs was reviewed in terms of their application and research activity on them. Finally, their usefulness associated with development of domestic regulatory program was suggested.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.715-724
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• 1996

This study was performed to identify the proliferation and to measure the alteration of alkaline phosphatase activity in human gingival fibroblasts cultured. For the present study, the authors cultured the human gingival fibroblasts oriented from the sound interdental gingiva, and used third passage. It was used methyl $[^3H]$ Thymidine to identify the proliferation in human gingival fibroblasts and used 410nm of the spectrophotometer to measure the alteration of the alkaline phosphatase activity in human gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follows: 1. There was a statistically significant increase in the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts following low level laser irradiation at 24 hour(p<0.05). 2. There was a statistically significant increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to control group at 5-day laser irradiation after in laser irradiation groups(p<0.05). And there was a statistically significant increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to control group at 7-day laser irradiation after in the I-minute laser irradiation group(p<0.05), but there was a statistically significant decrease in activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to 1minute laser irradiation group at 7-day laser irradiation in the 2-minute laser irradiation group after(p<0.05). The results, within the limits of the present experiments, suggest that, the low level laser irradiation accelerates the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and alters the alkaline phosphatase activity until the restricted period.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2013

본 연구는 대학생의 구강질환으로 인한 활동제한실태를 조사하고, 그 관련요인을 분석하여 구강건강향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 연구결과, 대학생의 활동제한경험율은 24.1%, 평균활동제한일수는 0.44일이었다. 인구사회학적 특성에서는 주거형태, 개인적 특성에서는 일상생활의 분주도, 학비조달의 어려움, 구강진료이용 시 시간적 부담, 구강진료이용 시 교통편의 어려움이 대학생의 활동제한과 관련이 있었다. 학비조달의 어려움을 느끼는 경우에서 활동제한경험 및 와병경험, 학업수행지장경험, 학업손실경험의 가능성이 높게 나타났으며, 또한 구강진료이용 시 교통편의 어려움을 느끼는 경우에서 학업수행지장 및 학업손실을 경험할 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 이에 보다 체계화된 사회적 구강건강도를 확립하고, 구강건강증진을 높이기 위한 국가적 관심과 지원이 절실히 요구된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

PTPRT/RPTPρ is the most recently isolated member of the type IIB receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase family and its expression is restricted to the nervous system. PTPRT plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic formation and neuronal development. When PTPRT was overexpressed in hippocampal neurons, synaptic formation and dendritic arborization were induced. On the other hand, knockdown of PTPRT decreased neuronal transmission and attenuated neuronal development. PTPRT strengthened neuronal synapses by forming homophilic trans dimers with each other and heterophilic cis complexes with neuronal adhesion molecules. Fyn tyrosine kinase regulated PTPRT activity through phosphorylation of tyrosine 912 within the membrane-proximal catalytic domain of PTPRT. Phosphorylation induced homophilic cis dimerization of PTPRT and resulted in the inhibition of phosphatase activity. BCR-Rac1 GAP and Syntaxin-binding protein were found as new endogenous substrates of PTPRT in rat brain. PTPRT induced polymerization of actin cytoskeleton that determined the morphologies of dendrites and spines by inhibiting BCR-Rac1 GAP activity. Additionally, PTPRT appeared to regulate neurotransmitter release through reinforcement of interactions between Syntaxin-binding protein and Syntaxin, a SNARE protein. In conclusion, PTPRT regulates synaptic function and neuronal development through interactions with neuronal adhesion molecules and the dephosphorylation of synaptic molecules. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 249-255]

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.30-33
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• 2013

Previously we showed that biodegradable nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) together with ovalbumin (OVA) were efficient at inducing MHC-restricted presentation of OVA peptides in dendritic cells. The CTL-inducing activities of the nanoparticles were examined in the present study. Nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA were prepared using biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and then were opsonized with mouse IgG. The nanoparticles were injected into the tail vein of mice, and 7 days later the OVA-specific CTL activities were measured using an in vivo CTL assay. Immunization of mice with the nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity compared to those containing OVA only. In accordance with these results, nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA exerted potent antitumor activity in mice that were subcutaneously implanted with EG7.OVA tumor cells. These results show that encapsulation of poly-IC or CpG ODN together with antigen in biodegradable nanoparticles is an effective approach for the induction of potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

Various antimicrobial agents are widely used for the purpose of antimicrobial process. We investigated antimicrobial activity and reduction efficiency of mal-ordour by the diphenyl ether compound (2,4,4'- trichloro -2'- hydroxy diphenyl ether) against Sraphylocom aureus(S.aureus and Proton vulgaris(p.vulgaris causing the mal-ordour, Especially, the diphenyl ether compound is not restricted to the regulation of water-contamination. In this research, we found that the optimum concentration of diphenyl ether compound was 1.5w% for both strains and antimicrobial expressions were c0.38t= 2.56 for S.aureus, c0.38t=2.67 for P.vulgaris. We found also that -OH group played the role of antimicrobial functional group. Lastly, reduction effect of mal-ordour was more than 90% for both strain at the optimum conditions. Key Words : antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial activity, reduction effect of mal-ordour, antimicrobial expression, antimicrobial functional group.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1998

Tomato phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 5 (tPAL5) was identified that alternate initiation sites were utilized differentially in response to environmental stimuli (Lee et al, 1992b). In this study, we tried to look into tissue -or cell- specific expression pattern of tPAL5 gene by fusing with ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. In transgenic plants, root and stem extracts contained 8~12 fold higher levels of GUS activity than petiole or leaf tissue while the highest levels of induction was observed from leaf tissue by mechanical wounding (5~11 fold). In trans-sections of stems and petioles, GUS activity was restricted to phloem cells(outer region) of developing vascular bundle and mainly at apical tip region in the root tissues. The levels of GUS activity was drastically reduced (10~12 fold reduction) when the 5'-upstream region of tPAL5 gene (-1151bp from ATG codon) was deleted up to -665. The levels of GUS expression, however, raised up by 6~8 fold when deleted up to -455. Therefore, we conclude that there are positive cis-elements at the region -1151 to -1008 and at -455 to -195 while the negative cis-element is at -1008 to -455.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1561-1569
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• 2019

Curcumin, the major bioactive constituent of turmeric, has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological benefits; however, the low solubility in water has restricted its systemic bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric fermentation on its curcumin content and anti-inflammatory activity by using several lactic acid bacteria. Fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum significantly increased the curcumin content by 9.76% while showing no cytotoxicity in RAW 246.7 cells, as compared to the unfermented turmeric, regardless of the concentration of L. fermentum-fermented turmeric. The L. fermentum-fermented turmeric also promoted cell survival; a significantly higher number of viable cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were observed as compared to those treated with unfermented turmeric. It also displayed promising DPPH scavenging ($7.88{\pm}3.36%$) and anti-inflammatory activities by significantly reducing the nitrite level and suppressing the expression of the pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Toll-like receptor-4 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot analysis further revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the fermented turmeric was exerted through suppression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal pathway, but not in unfermented turmeric. Taken together, the results suggested that fermentation with lactic acid bacteria increases the curcumin content of turmeric without increasing its cytotoxicity, while strengthening the specific pharmacological activity, thus, highlighting its potential application as a functional food ingredient.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3654-3670
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• 2019

This paper proposes an Image Texture Median Filter (ITMF) to analyze and detect Android malware on Drebin datasets. We design a model of "ITMF" combined with Image Processing of Median Filter (MF) to reflect the similarity of the malware binary file block. At the same time, using the MAEVS (Malware Activity Embedding in Vector Space) to reflect the potential dynamic activity of malware. In order to ensure the improvement of the classification accuracy, the above-mentioned features(ITMF feature and MAEVS feature)are studied to train Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and Back Propagation (BP). The experimental results show that the model has an average accuracy rate of 95.43% with few false alarms. to Android malicious code, which is significantly higher than 95.2% of without ITMF, 93.8% of shallow machine learning model SVM, 94.8% of KNN, 94.6% of ANN.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2010

To obtain an efficient natural lignocellulolytic complex enzyme, we screened an efficient lignocellulose-degrading composite microbial system (XDC-2) from composted agricultural and animal wastes amended soil following a long-term directed acclimation. Not only could the XDC-2 degrade natural lignocelluloses, but it could also secrete extracellular xylanase efficiently in liquid culture under static conditions at room temperature. The XDC-2 degraded rice straw by 60.3% after fermentation for 15 days. Hemicelluloses were decomposed effectively, whereas the extracellular xylanase activity was dominant with an activity of 8.357 U/ml on day 6 of the fermentation period. The extracellular crude enzyme noticeably hydrolyzed natural lignocelluloses. The optimum temperature and pH for the xylanase activity were $40^{\circ}C$ and 6.0. However, the xylanase was activated in a wide pH range of 3.0-10.0, and retained more than 80% of its activity at $25-35^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0-8.0 after three days of incubation in liquid culture under static conditions. PCR-DGGE analysis of successive subcultures indicated that the XDC-2 was structurally stable over long-term restricted and directed cultivation. Analysis of the 168 rRNA gene clone library showed that the XDC-2 was mainly composed of mesophilic bacteria related to the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, etc. Our results offer a new approach to exploring efficient lignocellulolytic enzymes by constructing a high-performance composite microbial system with synergistic complex enzymes.