• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 1998

This study investigated the verbal responses of kindergarten children to fantasy and realistic picture books. The subjects were 60 five-year-old children divided into small groups of 4 children each. Each group was read four picture books of which two were fantasy and two were realistic. Transcripts of the children's responses were analyzed for number, content, and type of verbal response. Mean scores and standard deviations were measured and the data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA. Results showed that the children showed (1) more verbal responses to the fantasy than to the realistic picture books. (2) They gave more verbal responses to fantasy picture books than to realistic books in terms of character, scene, event, and vocabulary. They also gave more verbal responses to fantasy picture books than to realistic books in terms of informative, heuristic, and imaginative types.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.4 s.71
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• pp.70-75
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• 2006

A numerical procedure is described for estimating the effects of the multi-directional irregular waves on the motion responses and tension variations of the ISSC-TLP. The numerical approach is based on a three-dimensional source distribution method and a spectral analysis technique of directional waves. The spectral description for the linear system of ISSC-TLP in the frequency domain is sufficient to completely define the motion responses and tension variations. This is because both the wave inputs and responses are stationary Gaussian random processes, of which the statistical properties in the amplitude domain are well known. The numerical results for the linear motion responses and tension variations in regular waves are compared with the experimental and numerical ones, which are obtained in the literature. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2002

Functional characterization of sex pheromones in olfactory responses is essential for the study of chemical communications in amphibians. Using Y-maze olfactory preference tests, we have investigated the olfactory res-ponses of male and female red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to the crude extracts of the opposite sex's genial and cloacal pheromones. Both male and female cloacal pheromone extracts caused the opposite sex to initiate olfactory responses by leaving the starting area in the Y-maze, but only subject males exposed to female cloacal pheromone extracts completed olfactory choice by entering the side arm of the Y-maze which received the pheromones. For genial pheromone extracts, only female genial pheromone extracts induced initial olfactory responses from test males. Neither male nor female genial pheromone extracts made the oppo-site sex complete olfactory choice. Pre-exposure of test females to male pheromone extracts increased the likelihood of initial olfactory responses. The latency for initial olfactory responses of test females that were previously exposed to male genial extracts was significantly shorter than that of control females.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2000

In this paper hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structure(VLFS) are studied theoretically. We have been developed the source and dipole distribution method and pressure distribution method to evaluate the hydrodynamic pressures. The problem of vertical structural responses due to waves are calculated by using finite element method(FEM) and modal expansion method of a free-free beam Hydroelastic responses of VLFS in waves are computed by four methods developed in this paper. As a result the theoretical results of motion responses show good agreements with experimental ones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.485-505
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• 2014

This study aimed to develop an approach to accurately predict the wind models and wind effects of large wind turbines. The wind-induced vibration characteristics of a 5 MW tower-blade coupled wind turbine system have been investigated in this paper. First, the blade-tower integration model was established, which included blades, nacelle, tower and the base of the wind turbine system. The harmonic superposition method and modified blade element momentum theory were then applied to simulate the fluctuating wind field for the rotor blades and tower. Finally, wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) of the system were studied based on the modified consistent coupling method, which took into account coupling effects of resonant modes, cross terms of resonant and background responses. Furthermore, useful suggestions were proposed to instruct the wind resistance design of large wind turbines. Based on obtained results, it is shown from the obtained results that wind-induced responses and ESWL were characterized with complicated modal responses, multi-mode coupling effects, and multiple equivalent objectives. Compared with the background component, the resonant component made more contribution to wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads at the middle-upper part of the tower and blades, and cross terms between background and resonant components affected the total fluctuation responses, while the background responses were similar with the resonant responses at the bottom of tower.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1839-1848
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients including glutamine (Gln), chromium picolinate (Cr picolinate), vitamin C (Vit C), betaine (Bet), and taurine (Tau) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Methods: A total of 420 21-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (initial body weight = 866±61.9 g) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 treatment groups with 6 replicates. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions and was fed a basal diet (PC, positive control). Other 6 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 6 groups was fed the basal diet (NC, negative control), whereas 5 other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln, 500 ppb Cr picolinate, 250 mg/kg Vit C, 0.2% Bet, or 1.0% Tau. The diets and water were provided ad libitum for 21 d. Results: Broiler chickens in NC group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance and immune responses measured based on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), but increased (p<0.05) stress responses measured based on feather corticosterone concentrations and blood heterophil:lymphocyte than those in PC group. However, none of dietary functional nutrients had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg Vit C improved (p<0.05) CBH responses of broiler chickens, but other functional nutrients had no such an improvement in CBH responses. All functional nutrients decreased (p<0.05) stress responses of broiler chickens. Conclusion: Functional nutrients including Gln, Cr picolinate, Vit C, Bet, and Tau at the supplemental levels used in this study decrease stress responses of broiler chickens to a relatively similar extent. However, this reduction in stress responses could not fully ameliorate decreased productive performance of broiler chickens raised under the current heat stress conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2014

Though many alternative methods to tuberculin skin testing (TST) have been established and evaluated in recent years, sensitivities and specificities of most methods could not meet the requirements of golden standards. In this study, we sought to identify whether repeated TSTs could affect the immune responses in experimental monkeys. Nine natural tuberculosis (TB) monkeys receiving repeated TSTs biweekly were used to demonstrate the effect on TST responsiveness. Two healthy monkeys were administrated with repeated TSTs to analyze the immune response profiling. Intrapalpebral reactions in TB infections gradually weakened or presented intermittent positive reactions. The leukocyte counts, cytokine responses, and antibody responses to all antigens except Old tuberculin (OT) and MPT64L showed no specific changes for TB in healthy monkeys. Positive antibody responses to OT and MPT64L emerged during the first half experimental period, which may cause by their cross-reactivity with mycobacterial species. Results showed that repeated TSTs had no significant effects on immune responses in healthy monkeys but a progressive reduction in TST responsiveness in TB infections.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.193-207
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• 2000

The possible application of a spatially placed passive tuned liquid column damper system for suppressing coupled lateral-torsional responses of tall buildings is investigated in this paper. The wind loads acting on rectangular tall buildings are analytically expressed as 3-D stochastic model. Meanwhile, the 3-D responses of tall buildings may be coupled due to eccentricities between the stiffness and mass centers of the buildings. In these cases, torsional responses of the buildings are rather larger, and a TLCD system composed of several TLCD located near the sides of the buildings is more effective than the same TLCD placed at the building center in reducing both translational and torsional responses of the buildings. In this paper, extensive analytical and numerical work has been done to present the calculation method and optimize the parameters of such TLCD systems. The numerical examples show that the spatially placed TLCD system can reduce coupled along-wind, across-wind and torsional responses significantly with a fairly small mass ratio.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 1972

The right cervical vagus nerve was electrically stimulated for 30 sec, and 30 minutes recording cardiac rate responses and electrocardiogram. The main purposes of the present experiment are to determine effect of stimulation frequency on the maintenance of cardiac rate responses and to determine recovery time of sinus rhythm after asystole period followed by idioventricular rhythm during prolonged electrical stimulation of the vagus, and the optimal stimulation parameters for vagal stimulation were studied as well. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maximum negative chrontropic responses were obtained with the following ranges of electrical parameters. Intensity: 3V-7V, Frequency: 20/sec-60/sec, and pulse duration: 5 msec-20 msec. 2. Compared with the responses from sympathetic effectors, cardiac rate responses to electrical stimulation of vagus nerve were well maintained with all stimulation frequencies. 3. At all stimulation frequencies except 20/sec, sinus node started to take over primary pacemaker activity when cardiac rates were restored to about 38-40/min. 4. It was indicated that upper limit of idioventricular rhythm does not exceed 38-40/min. 5. With the stimulation parameter set of 20/sec-5 msec-3 V, sinus rhythm did not appear during 30 minutes of stimulation period. Therefore, this electrical parameter set appears to be optimal for elicitation of prolonged and maximum cardiac rate responses by vagal stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.117-137
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze 5'year' old children's responses in the process of reading picturebooks on sexual abuse and to explore the educational implications of the results. 42'five year' old children and 2 of their teachers participated as subjects in the study. Data was collected by means of observation, a diary record of the teacher's class, and an interview with teachers about children's responses in the process of reading picturebooks on sexual abuse during the free choice activities, and group activities in J and K daycare centers in Busan, Korea from July to September. The results were as follows : the analysis identified three patterns of responses; consistent responses, awkward responses, and confused and frightened responses. These result imply that selecting picturebooks for sexual abuse preventive education programs for young children needs to be given careful consideration. The importance of the teacher's reading skills and sociocultural cognition regarding sexuality in general were also discussed.