• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1165-1182
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• 2011

The evaluation of potential submarine groundwater is an important research topic for exploring an alternative water resource. Two different approaches, water budget analysis and Rn mass balance method, were employed to investigate the annual variation of submarine groundwater discharge in 2010 at a marine watershed located at the south-eastern part of Korean Peninsula. In order to obtain reliable hydrological data during study period, temporal and spatial variations of rainfall and soil moisture had been collected and hydro-meterological data such as temperature, humidity and wind speed were collected The runoff response was simulated using SCS-CN method with spatial distributions of landuse and soil texture from GIS analysis. Six different methods were used to estimate the monthly variation of evapotranspiration and field measurements of soil moisture were used to account for the infiltration. Comparisons of infiltration and surface runoff between simulation and water balance with measurements showed coincidence. The water budget analysis and Rn mass balance method provide mean daily submarine groundwater as 5.35 and 4.07 $m^3/m/day$ in 2010, respectively.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2013

Fabrics created unique features through the change in various ways depending on the elements including fabric structure, threads, thickness, weaving, patterns and processing. This study examined the difference between texture and image depending on components of fabrics. In order to understand the trend of components of fabrics, the actual components of fabrics was analyzed by year, using the women's apparel trend books, Nelly Rodi Fabrics and Promostyl Fabrics. This study analyzed Spring/Summer season and Fall/Winter season from 2002 to 2012. Frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, multiple response cross tabulation analysis were implemented using SPSS 18.0. The followings are the analysis results. For fabric composition, Spring/Summer season used cotton fabric the most. Cotton fabric accounted for relatively high usage in 2005, 2007 and 2008. Fall/Winter season used wool the most in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. In case of fiber blend by fabric composition, cotton was blended with other fibers in Spring/Summer season except wool. The fiber blending ratio of wool was the highest in Fall/Winter season. Wool was blended in most fabrics. More than two patterns were mixed for fabric patterns. The fabric patterns were applied the most in 2012. For fabric processing, the fabrics by sensitivity-functional processing were continuously used every year and the surface finish showed relatively high usage in 2002 and 2011. In conclusion, this study will build the systematic data for 11 years including fabric trends in the past. It can improve specialization, systematization and efficiency in fabric planning.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

Purpose: Peri-implantitis, a clinical term describing the inflammatory process that affects the soft and hard tissues around an osseointegrated implant, may lead to peri-implant pocket formation and loss of supporting bone. However, this imprecise definition has resulted in a wide variation of the reported prevalence; ${\geq}10%$ of implants and 20% of patients over a 5- to 10-year period after implantation has been reported. The individual reporting of bone loss, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth and inconsistent recording of results has led to this variation in the prevalence. Thus, a specific definition of peri-implantitis is needed. This paper describes the vast variation existing in the definition of peri-implantitis and suggests a logical way to record the degree and prevalence of the condition. The evaluation of bone loss must be made within the concept of natural physiological bony remodelling according to the initial peri-implant hard and soft tissue damage and actual definitive load of the implant. Therefore, the reason for bone loss must be determined as either a result of the individual osseous remodelling process or a response to infection. Methods: The most current Papers and Consensus of Opinion describing peri-implantitis are presented to illustrate the dilemma that periodontologists and implant surgeons are faced with when diagnosing the degree of the disease process and the necessary treatment regime that will be required. Results: The treatment of peri-implantitis should be determined by its severity. A case of advanced peri-implantitis is at risk of extreme implant exposure that results in a loss of soft tissue morphology and keratinized gingival tissue. Conclusions: Loss of bone at the implant surface may lead to loss of bone at any adjacent natural teeth or implants. Thus, if early detection of peri-implantitis has not occurred and the disease process progresses to advanced peri-implantitis, the compromised hard and soft tissues will require extensive, skill-sensitive regenerative procedures, including implantotomy, established periodontal regenerative techniques and alternative osteotomy sites.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2018

In this study, effects of microground coffee on the quality characteristics and acceptability of instant coffee with probiotics were investigated. A central composite design with two factors (roasting degree and dose of microground coffee) was used and ranges of roasting degree and dose were 30~50 (L value) and 5~10% respectively. Aroma preference, sweetness intensity, bitterness intensity, acidity intensity, body intensity and overall acceptability were evaluated as sensory characteristics and quadratic regression models of all the properties were significant. Especially in aroma preference and overall acceptability, the higher roasting degree and dose of microground coffee, the more aroma preference and overall acceptability of the coffee increased. And this results accorded with the object of this study to increase aroma preference and overall acceptability by blending microground coffee with instant coffee. On the other hand, 129 of aroma compounds were detected in instant coffee with microground coffee but 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, ethyl-pyrazine and furfural were significant in quadratic regression models. The optimal conditions were predicted by response surface methodology and desirability function approach and the optimal conditions of roasting degree and dose of microground coffee were 30(L value), 8.4%(w/w) respectively to maximize 2 sensory characteristics (overall preference, aroma preference) and 3 aroma components (2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, ethyl-pyrazine, furfural).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

In this study, we isolated two novel chitinase producing bacterial strains from yellow loess samples collected from Jullanamdo province. The chitinase producing bacteria were isolated based on the zone size of clearance in the chitin agar plates. Both of them were gram positive, rod ($2{\sim}3{\times}0.3{\sim}0.4{\mu}m$), spore-forming, and motility positive. They were facultative anaerobic, catalase positive and hydrolyzed starch, gelatin, and casein. From the 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were labeled as Bacillus licheniformis KYLS-CU01 and B. licheniformis KYLS-CU02. The isolates showed higher extracellular chitinase activities than B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 as a control. The optimum temperature and pH for chitinase production were $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the culture medium for efficient production of the chitinase. Under this optimal condition, 1.5 times higher chitinase activity of B. licheniformis KYLS-CU02 was obtained. Extracellular chitinases of the two isolates were purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The specific activities of purified chitinase from B. licheniformis KYLS-CU01 and B. licheniformis KYLS-CU02 were 7.65 and 5.21 U/mg protein, respectively. The molecular weights of the two purified chitinases were 59 kDa. Further, the purified chitinase of B. licheniformis KYLS-CU01 showed high antifungal activity against Fusarium sp.. In conclusion, these two bacterial isolates can be used as a biopesticide to control pathogenic fungi.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.822-829
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• 2016

Our aim was to optimize the production of cellulase-free thermoactive xylanase by Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. Among eleven variables, the nutrient sources that had significant effect on xylanase production were corncob, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, xylose, $KH_2PO_4$ and tween 80, identified by the initial screening method of Plackett-Burman. The optimum concentrations of these five components were subsequently investigated using response surface methodology. The optimal concentrations ($g{\cdot}l^{-1}$) for maximum production of xylanase were corncob, 39.0; $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 3.0; xylose, 1.8; $KH_2PO_4$ 1.4; and tween 80, 1.4, respectively. An improved xylanase yield of $8.74{\pm}0.84U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ was obtained with optimized medium which is 2.1-fold higher production than previously obtained results ($4.10{\pm}0.10U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) after 48 h of cultivation. In addition, the xylanase production under optimal condition reached $10.09{\pm}0.27U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ after 72 h of cultivation.

• Carbon letters
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• 제28권
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• pp.72-80
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• 2018

In this study, an empirical relationship between the energy band gap of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and synthesis parameters in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor using factorial design of experiment was established. A bimetallic (Fe-Ni) catalyst supported on $CaCO_3$ was synthesized via wet impregnation technique and used for MWCNT growth. The effects of synthesis parameters such as temperature, time, acetylene flow rate, and argon carrier gas flow rate on the MWCNTs energy gap, yield, and aspect ratio were investigated. The as-prepared supported bimetallic catalyst and the MWCNTs were characterized for their morphologies, microstructures, elemental composition, thermal profiles and surface areas by high-resolution scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. A regression model was developed to establish the relationship between band gap energy, MWCNTs yield and aspect ratio. The results revealed that the optimum conditions to obtain high yield and quality MWCNTs of 159.9% were: temperature ($700^{\circ}C$), time (55 min), argon flow rate ($230.37mL\;min^{-1}$) and acetylene flow rate ($150mL\;min^{-1}$) respectively. The developed regression models demonstrated that the estimated values for the three response variables; energy gap, yield and aspect ratio, were 0.246 eV, 557.64 and 0.82. The regression models showed that the energy band gap, yield, and aspect ratio of the MWCNTs were largely influenced by the synthesis parameters and can be controlled in a CVD reactor.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권2호통권159호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the geographic variation among provenances of Pinus densiflora in survival rate and height growth at four test plantations (Jungsun, Chungju, Naju, and Jeju). The plantations were parts of the eleven provenance trials of Pinus densiflora established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The survival rate and height growth were significantly different among test plantations at $p{\leq}0.01$. Latitude and longitude of test plantation were negatively correlated with survival rate and height growth. On the other hand, annual mean temperature, mean temperature (Nov.~Feb.), extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.), and annual mean growing days of test plantation were positively correlated with these two. The relationships between growth variables and geographic variables were analysed with canonical correlation analysis. A considerable amount of variation in survival rate and height growth was explained by latitude, annual mean growing days, extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.) and extremely high temperature (Nov.~Feb.) of provenances. It is estimated that up to 47.1% and 67.4% of the genetic variability in survival rate and height growth was attributable to the environmental variability of the provenances, respectively. The response surface curve of survival rate and height growth was plotted against latitude and longitude to examine growth performance of provenances for each test site. Generally, the local provenances showed better survival rate and height growth.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.1545-1550
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• 2006

최소분산프로세서는 정합장처리(Matched Field Processing : MFP)로서 해양 환경을 완전히 알고 있을 때 우수한 부엽(sidelobe) 억제 능력을 가지고 있다. 그러나 다중 표적 이 존재 시 최소분산프로세서는 선형 프로세서가 아니므로 각각의 표적에 의한 주엽(mainlobe) 뿐만 아니라 표적 상호간에 의한 부엽이 발생되므로 표적의 정확한 위치를 추정하지 못 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 해양에 분포한 다중 표적들의 위치를 추정하기 위하여 다중 표적에 의해 수신된 데이터벡터의 cross spectral density matrix(CSDM)에서 CLEAN 알고리즘을 기반으로 표적 각각의 데이터벡터를 분리 추출하여 CSDM을 산출하고 이를 비선형 프로세서인 최소분산프로세서에 적용함으로써 표적 상호간의 부엽들을 제거하여 표적의 수와 위 치를 정확히 추정 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2000

Soilcrete는 도로포장과 연약지반개량공사에 널리 활용되고 있는 전통적인 재료이지만 내구성이 떨어지고 품질이 불균질하기 때문에 용도확대에 제약을 받아왔다. 그러나 최근 환경친화적인 수요가 증가하면서 공원의 산책로, 골프장의 보도 등에 고강도 소일크리트의 적용사례가 증가하고 있다 본 연구의 목적은 포졸란 시멘트를 이용한 고강도 소일크리트에 대해서 통계적인 실험계획법을 적용하여 참고 배합설계를 실시하고자 하였다. 시험토질은 국내 현장에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 점토를 대상으로 하였으며, 연구결과 압축강도$50~150kg/cm^2$수준의 고강도 소일크리트에 대한 실용적인 참고 배합표를 제안할 수 있었다.