• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.845-855
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the category function, the item structure, and the model-data fit of the Copenhagen neck functional disability scale (CNFDS) with neck pain subjects using Rasch rating scale analysis. The data was obtained from the assessments of 71 college students with neck pain. The 'concentration' item showed misfit and fourteen items were founds to be fits for self-reporting of disability due to neck pain. The most difficult item of the remaining 14 items was 'help' and the easiest item was 'social contact'. The subjects and items reliability of separation reliability were 0.85 and 0.97. The CNFDS for self-reporting of disability due to mild neck pain has been proved valid and reliable. This study is suggested that individuals with mild neck pain may be used the modified CNFDS that were not included 'concentration' item and were adjusted the 2 response levels.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2009

Due to increasing concerns over issues with both water quantity and quality for turfgrass use, research was conducted to determine the response of five warm-season turfgrasses to deficit irrigation and to gain a better understanding of relative drought tolerance. St. Augustinegrass(Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze.) cultivars 'Floratam' and 'Palmetto', 'SeaIsle 1' seashore Paspalum(Paspalum vaginatumSwartz.), 'Empire' zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.), and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass(Paspalum notatum Flugge) were established in lysimeters in the University of Florida Envirotron greenhouse facility in Gainesville. Irrigation was applied at100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% of evapotranspiration(ET). Evaluations included: a) shoot quality, leaf rolling, leaf firing; b) leaf relative water content(RWC), soil moisture content, chlorophyll content index(CCI), canopy photosynthesis(PS); c) multispectral reflectance(MSR); d) root distribution; and e) water use efficiency. Grasses irrigated at 100% and 80% of ET had no differences in visual quality, leaf rolling, leaf firing, RWC, CCI, and PS. Grasses irrigated at 60% of ET had higher values in physiological aspects than grasses irrigated at 40% of ET. 'Sealsle 1' and 'Palmetto' had a deeper root system than 'Empire' and 'Pensacola', while 'Floratam' had the least amount of root mass. Photosynthesis was positively correlated with visual assessments such as turf quality, leaf rolling, leaf firing, and sensor-based measurements such as CCI, soil moisture, and MSR. Reducing the amount of applied water by 20% did not reduce turfgrass quality and maintained acceptable physiological functioning.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.135-159
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop items of an essay response assessment that could align with the instructions and assessments in the high school home economics curriculum. The contents of the study were as follows. First, to establish an assessment plan, 14 achievement standards were analyzed in the assessment area, and the elements of the questions were developed including the content elements of a total of 29 questions. Second, to develop the assessment tools, preliminary questions suited to the structure of essay questions were developed, and the method of presenting data and scoring criteria to be utilized in the questions was selected. Third, to prepare the answers and the scoring criteria tables, the answers to the sample questions for each score were prepared in form of a scoring criteria table, and the objectives of the assessment, the scoring items, and the scores for each item were reviewed. Fourth, the developed questions and answers were revised and supplemented by teachers of the professional learning community through preliminary and mutual review on the components of the questions, the embodiment of the assessment objectives, the implementation of the assessment intent, and the grading. This study can be used as a foundational study for the development of essay-type questions and scoring criteria in essay assessment in the field of education. Furthermore, the results of this study could help teachers enhance their learners' ability to apply knowledge in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.347-353
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• 2005

The risk assessment is the qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and the environment by the actual or potential presence or release of hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is assessed by the environmental criteria, and risk assessment is assessed by the risk rate. Risk rate based on dose-response values may not be easy to apply on regulatory basis like EIA for uncertainty. Internationally there is an example of OECD program. Risk assessment of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals has started since the OECD Program with the 1990 Council Act on the Co-operative Investigation and Risk Reduction of Existing Chemicals. These HPV chemicals include all chemicals produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tonnes per year in at least one Member country or in the European Union region. The SIDS called the Screening Information Data Set is regarded as the minimum information needed to assess an HPV chemical to determine whether any further work should be carried out or not. All the data elements of SIDS including assessment for environment and health are prepared as three formats of the full SIDS Dossier, the SIDS Initial Assessment Report (SIAR), and the SIDS Initial Assessment Profile (SIAP) of an HPV chemical. In 1998 the global chemical industry through the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) has joined to work with OECD. The OECD has assessed approximately 1,000 chemicals from 1991 through 2004 with ICCA. Till the February of 2005, 592 chemicals of those chemicals completed SIDS reports. Member countries have been targeted the goal of 1,000 new chemicals from 2005 to 2010 and Korea shared 36 chemicals from the 1,000 new chemicals. Currently Korea has completed SIDS reports of 7 chemicals among sponsored 24 chemicals. In conclusion SIDS project will be linked to national program for outputs application with more reliable production. Both the OECD and industry will carry out their commitment to complete assessments for more and the remaining chemicals assessment. The major outputs will contribute to cope with international chemical management.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Chemical accidents have increased owing to chemical usage, human error and technical failures during the last decades. Many countries have organized supervisory authorities in charge of enforcing related rules and regulations to prevent chemical accidents. A very important part in chemical accidents has been coping with comprehensive first aid tool. Therefore, the present research has provided information with the initial applications concern to the rapid analysis of hazardous material using instruments in vehicle of field mode after chemical accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mobile measurement vehicle was manufactured to obtain information regarding field assessments of chemical accidents. This vehicle was equipped with four instruments including gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ion Chromatography (IC), and UV/Vis spectrometer (UV) to analyses of accident preparedness substances, volatile compounds, and organic gases. Moreover, this work was the first examined the evaluation of applicability for analysis instruments using 20 chemicals in various accident preparedness substances (GC/MS; 6 chemicals, FT-IR; 2 chemicals, IC; 11 chemicals, and UV; 1 chemical) and their calibration curves were obtained with high linearity ( r ² > 0.991). Our results were observed the advantage of the high chromatographic peak capacity, fast analysis, and good sensitivity as well as resolution. CONCLUSION: When chemical accidents are occurred, the posted measurement vehicle may be utilized as tool an effective for qualitative and quantitative information in the scene of an accident owing to the rapid analysis of hazardous material.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Occupant protection performance in frontal crashes has been developed and assessed for mainly front seat occupants over many years, and in recent years protection of rear seat occupants has also been extensively discussed. Unlike the front seats, the rear seats are often occupied by children seated in rear-facing or forward - facing child restraint systems, or booster seats. In the ENCAP, child occupant protection assessments using 18-month-old(P1.5) and 3-year-old(P3) test dummies in the rear seat have already been changed to new type of 18-month-old (Q1.5)and 3-year-old(Q3) test dummies. In addition, ENCAP are scheduled with the development and introduction of test dummies of 6-year-old (Q6) and 10.5-year-old children(Q10) starting 2016. In KNCAP, Q6 and Q10 child dummies will be introduced in 2017 as well. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new child dummies closely. In this paper, we focused on Q6 and Q10 child dummies sitting in child restraint system. Offset frontal crash tests were conducted using two types of test dummies, Q6 and Q10 child dummies, positioned in the rear seat. Q6 and Q10 were used to compare dummy kinematics in rear seating positions between Q6 behind the driver's seat and Q10 behind the front passenger's seat. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems. It showed that several injury and image data was collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination is the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposed the qualify metric based on SVC and the subjective quality. The proposed quality metric is for a general purpose. It means we can use it for any video sequences regardless of its temporal and spatial characteristics. The Quality of Service(QoS) is one of the important issues in heterogeneous environment which has diverse restrictions such as limited network bandwidth and limited display resolution. Scalable Video Coding(SVC) is the efficient video coding skill in heterogeneous environment. Because SVC can be adapted to various quality bitstreams using three scalabilities(spatial, temporal, and SNR) from one bitstream which has full scalability. To maximize the QoS in this environment, we should consider the subjective quality which is the viewer response. And also we should consider temporal and spatial characteristics of video sequence because the subjective quality is affected by temporal and spatial characteristics of video sequence. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, we perform subjective assessments. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high correlation with subjective quality. The proposed method can be a decision tool of SVC birstream extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

Cellular automata have been applied to simulations in many fields such as astrophysics, social phenomena, fire spread, and evacuation. Using cellular automata, this study develops a model for consequence analysis of the dispersion of hazardous chemicals, which is required for risk assessments of and emergency responses for frequent chemical accidents. Unlike in cases of detailed plant safety design, real-time accident responses require fast and iterative calculations to reduce the uncertainty of the distribution of damage within the affected area. EPA ALOHA and KORA of National Institute of Chemical Safety have been popular choices for these analyses. However, this study proposes an initiative to supplement the model and code continuously and is different in its development of free software, specialized for small and medium enterprises. Compared to the full-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which requires large amounts of computation time, the relative accuracy loss is compromised, and the convenience of the general user is improved. Using Python open-source libraries as well as meteorological information linkage, it is made possible to expand and update the functions continuously. Users can easily obtain the results by simply inputting the layout of the plant and the materials used. Accuracy is verified against full-scale CFD simulations, and it will be distributed as open source software, supporting GPU-accelerated computing for fast computation.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.597-612
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• 2022

Recently, large-scale mathematics assessments are shifting from traditional paper-based tests to computer-based tests, nationally and internationally. This study explored the mode effect (the difference in student achievement by the change of test mode) according to the types of test items, the technological function reflected in the items, the characteristics of students' computer use, and the computer-based test environment. To this end, we analyzed the results of the 2020 national assessment of educational achievement of high school mathematics conducted on a paper and computer basis. As a result, firstly, the mode effect induced by the mode transition was generally insignificant, but the mode effect was larger in the extended response type than other types. Secondly, there were differences in the mode effect according to the transition to test with computer mode where innovative items were added. Thirdly, the difference between mode effects was statistically significant according to the student's sense of efficacy in computer use. The results of this study suggest that innovative items should be introduced deliberately according to the targeted content and competency in evaluation, and that assessment design and environment preparation need to be carefully developed so that nonessential abilities other than students' mathematical ability or incidental situation do not distort the assessment results.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2020

Research on diagnosing and predicting the response of ecosystems caused by environmental changes such as artificial disturbance and climate change is emerging as the most important issue of biodiversity and ecosystem researches. This study aims to clean, standardize, and provide the results of National Ecosystem Survey which should be considered fundamentally in diagnosing and predicting ecosystem changes in the form of dataset. To refine and clean the dataset we developed a simple verification program based on the fifth National Ecosystem Survey Guideline and applied that program to the data from the second (1997~2005), third (2006~2013) and fourth (2014~2018) National Ecosystem Survey. Data quality control processes were implemented including (1) standardization of terminology, (2) similar data table integration, (3) unnecessary attribute and error elimination, (4) unification of different input items, (5) data arrangement in codes, and (6) code mapping for input items. These approaches and methods are the first attempt propose an option for ecological data standardization in Korea. The standardized dataset of National Ecosystem Survey in Korea will be easily accessible, reusable for both researchers and public. In addition, we expect it will contribute to the establishment of diverse environmental policies concerning environmental assessments, habitat conservation, prediction of endangered species distribution and ecological risks due to climate change. The dataset through this study is open freely online via EcoBank (nie-ecobank.kr) which is the first ecological information portal system in Korea developed by National Institute of Ecology.