• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-113
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• 2020

Soil is the foundation of human life and the basis for food security. Considering this it is prioritized in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Therefore, research on soil resilience in the agricultural environment is crucial for sound and sustainable soil management, especially in highly uncertain and unpredictable conditions. Soil resilience is defined in different ways by several researchers; however, its definition typically includes the concepts of recovery and resistance to stress. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils that are used to assess the soil resilience, i.e., the response of soil to various types of stress are summarized in this study. In addition, various statistical processing techniques and quantification methods are summarized considering the wide spatial and temporal scope of soil resilience research. Several soil resilience studies typically conduct the following five steps: (1) soil and site selection (2) stress (independent variable) setting (3) soil characteristics and indicator (dependent variable) setting (4) performing various spatiotemporal scale experiments (5) statistical analysis. The previous and present studies present a general introduction of soil resilience, based on which, further practical research considering domestic agricultural environment should be conducted. The extensive range of soil resilience measurements will require collaboration between researchers in various fields.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

In this study, climate change considerations are an important measure to create a resilient city that conforms to the principle of sustainable development that balances the economic, social and environmental harmony of a country or city and can preserve its size, function and characteristics to the maximum extent possible. In this regard, the public transportation system being built and operated in Dublin City, Ireland, illustrates the city's system through green traffic. Therefore, based on the urban-based conditions equipped by Dublin, Ireland, in that Dublin is realizing preemptive mass-traffic-oriented urban development (TOD) considering climate change, the purpose of the study was to classify the methods of research as internal (strong and weak) and external (opportunity and threat) factors through SWOT analysis and to present mass-oriented urban development strategies and policy implications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2019

Self-centering wall (SCW) is a resilient and sustainable structural system which incorporates unbonded posttensioning (PT) tendons to provide self-centering (SC) capacity along with supplementary dissipators to dissipate seismic energy. Hysteretic energy dissipators are usually placed at two sides of SCWs to facilitate ease of postearthquake examination and convenient replacement. To achieve a good prediction for the skeleton curve of the wall, this paper firstly developed an analytical investigation on lateral load responses of self-centering walls with distributed vertical dampers (VD-SCWs) using the concept of elastic theory. A simplified method for the calculation of limit state points is developed and validated by experimental results and can be used in the design of the system. Based on the analytical results, parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of damper and tendon parameters on the performance of VD-SCWs. The results show that the proposed approach has a better prediction accuracy with less computational effects than the Perez method. As compared with previous experimental results, the proposed method achieves up to 60.1% additional accuracy at the effective linear limit (DLL) of SCWs. The base shear at point DLL is increased by 62.5% when the damper force is increased from 0kN to 80kN. The wall stiffness after point ELL is reduced by 69.5% when the tendon stiffness is reduced by 75.0%. The roof deformation at point LLP is reduced by 74.1% when the initial tendon stress is increased from $0.45f_{pu}$ to $0.65f_{pu}$.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-255
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• 2020

In this study, we analyze the current state of domestic food waste (FW) recycling and propose a management plan for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. First, the composting potential of the GW demonstrates considerable promise. In particular, the GW (phytoplankton, periphyton, macrophyte, etc.) as a third-generation biomass shows strong performance as a functional additive that mitigates the disadvantages associated with composting FW and improves the quality of the final composted product. Alternatively, the final product (e.g., soil ameliorant) can be used to produce bio-filters that are effective pollutant buffers, with high applicability for green infrastructure. The proposed ecological approaches create new opportunities for FW as a resource for the reduction of GHG emissions, and are expected to contribute to the establishment of effective net-zero carbon systems in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 2021

Methods for the manufacture, erection, and assembly of heavy frame modules were proposed. Interferences among precast members were prevented by using bolted metal plates for dry precast beam-to-column joints during assembly with a clearance for tolerance implementing grouted concrete filler plates instead of metal filler plates. Clearances for tolerances were provided to avoid conflictions among components during erection phases. These gaps were, then, grouted by high-strength mortar. The constructability of new connections of a beam-to-column joint using bolted metal plates for precast structures was examined using a full-scale assembly test in which practical observations indicated that members could be aligned and placed accurately in both horizontal and vertical directions, leading to a fast and convenient assembling. Bolt holes of the endplate were properly aligned using couplers with 30 mm fastened length embedded in the columns. The assembly test demonstrated the erection safety and structural stability of the proposed joints that were without filler plates when they were subjected to heavy loads at the time of their erection. The facile and rapid assembly of precast beam-to-column connections with a 30 mm tolerance was observed. The proposed assembly method is rapid, sustainable, and resilient, replacing the conventional methods of concrete frame construction, offering a connection that can be used in constructing infrastructure, such as buildings and pipe-rack frames.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2016

Water Footprint is utilized to analyze direct and indirect water consumption for sustainable water resource management. This study aims to understand potential applicability of water footprint concept by analyzing the status of water consumption and related water policies in Seoul. We analyzed a direct gray water footprint and the blue water footprint in Seoul affected by the social and economic characteristics of the consumers in the city. In particular, in order to analyze the blue water footprint represented by both surface and underground water for the provision and consumption of products, we calculated the actual water consumptions of surface and underground water for 25 districts in Seoul. Our analysis in consideration of population and households indicates that Jung-gu has the highest blue water footprint followed by Jongro-gu, Gangnam-gu, Yongsan-gu, and Seocho-gu. Gray water footprint was calculated by estimating the amount of water for purifying wastewater to meet the water quality standard (above BOD 3.5ppm) for each district. As a result, Jung-gu has the highest gray water footprint, followed by Jongro-gu, Gangnam-gu, Yongsan-gu, Seocho-gu, and Youngdeungpo-gu. Our study suggests the potential value of using water footprint concept to complement the current limitations of water use management focusing on water supply control. We expect that our analysis will provide an important basis for considering water use management which is economically and socially more resilient and sustainable.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2019

The Gonggeomji Reservoir is a historical irrigation facility built in the 8th century and designated as a wetland protected area by Ministry of Environment, Korea. In order to collect the baseline data necessary for developing a sustainable conservation strategy, we investigated the classification of actual vegetation, the vegetation distribution and the floristic structure of the vegetation in the Gonggeomji Wetland Protection Area. In the whole protection area, a total of 26 plant communities were classified including the wetland, riparian, grassland, forest, farmland, and orchard vegetation. According to the results of detrended correspondence analysis, the structure of wetland vegetation was mainly affected by water depth and human disturbance. In reservoir wetlands, floating vegetation such as Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica, Trapa japonica, and emergent vegetation such as Nelumbo nucifera, Typha spp. completely covered the water surface. Since 2014, the reservoir wetland has been terrestrialized with the expansion of emergent and hygrophytic plants. For the sustainable conservation and restoration of wetland protected areas, it is necessary to naturalize the topography and wetland vegetation, recovery the hydrologic system, and restore ecosystem connectivity from wetlands to forests.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.801-810
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to reframe sustainability or sustainable development concept in the field of planning in consideration of climate change and natural hazards. The new concept is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for upcoming hazard mitigation measures addressing climate change. The first and main argument of the new concept is that environmental protection should be inclusive enough to address urban (or community) security from current natural hazards. The second is that the balance between structural and nonstructural mitigation measures is critical to cope more effectively with extreme natural hazards in the era of climate change and also with conflicts driven by three goals of sustainability--environmental protection, economic development, and social justice. The following studies, based on this new concept of sustainablity, are expected (1) to address new participation methods for the conflict resolution, (2) to explore detailed and substantive planning strategies and creative technical and institutional solutions for environmental protection, natural hazard mitigation, and conflict resolution. Two of APFM(the Associated Programme on Flood Management)'s three natural hazard risk criteria, Exposure and Vulnerability, may guide the exploration.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-153
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• 2022

In this study, a numerical model of debris flow considering driftwood and entrainment erosion is developed. Subsequently, numerical simulations based on the observation data of the 2011 Mt. Umyeon are performed. To develop the debris flow model, the Nays2DFlood model, which is a flooding model based on the shallow water equation, is coupled with the transport diffusion of mixed sediment concentration, debris flow bottom shear stress, and entrainment erosion modules. The simulation closely reproduced the depth, flow velocity, and debris flow volume of Mt. Umyeon. In addition, the reproducibility of the simulation result with driftwood is more accurate than that without driftwood. The results of this study can facilitate in establishing measures to reduce debris disasters, thus alleviating the current increase in debris damage due to climate change.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

Non-point pollutants from surface runoff during rainfall exert adverse effects on urban river water quality management. In particular, the first flush effect during the initial phase of rainfall can deliver significant amounts of pollutant loads to surface waters with extremely high concentrations. In this study, a sustainable first flush effect management system was developed by using settling and filtration that require no additional power or chemicals. A pilot scale experiment has shown that the removal of total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are in ranges of 84 - 95%, 31 - 46%, and 42 - 86%, respectively. An Integrated Stormwater Runoff Management System (ISTORMS) was also developed to efficiently manage the developed system by linking weather forecast, flow rate and water quality modeling of surface runoff and automatic monitoring systems in fields and in the system. This study can provide effective solutions for the management of urban river in terms of both quantity and quality.