• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 1999

The purpose of this is providing a simple, relatively errorless body surface area calculation. Subjects were 10 married women and 10 singles women whose age was 20 to 29 years old. The Gypsum method has applied for the sampling of body surface. The Weight method has been used to measure body surface by means of transferring gypsum shape on uniform plane polypropylene films. In this study, compare analyzed errors between the traditional formulas for measuring body surface area and measuring data in this experiment. More than all, it has been to induce a regression equation for measuring body surface area, which is so simple to calculate with less errors, with variable factors as weight and height. The results of this experiment as follows : 1. In the traditional formulas, weight formula was shown high average error : Niya\`s height formula. which was modified K value as 0.62 in the height formula (S = KH) is shown lower average error than Lassabliere\`s Height formula. 2. In the weight-height formula (S=K √WH), it was shown high average error according to the increasing of K value. Kawanami\`s formula, which 5.378 as K value, was shown low average error both the singles and the married women. 3. Dubois weight-heingt formula (S=W/sup a/·H/sub b/·K) was shown low average error than the weight, height, weight-height (S=K√WH) formula. 4. The regression equations with variable factors as weight and height are 156.74W + 86.05H - 660.25 (Single women) and 136.02W + 90.57H - 6241.32 (Married women) the average error and absolute average error to the singles are 0.09%, 0.94% and resoectively -0.13%, 1.16% for the married women.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to study effects of different bioassay methods on toxicity to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) ith six insecticides. For male adults, by dry film method, the {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} value of chlorpyrifos. fenvalerate, propoxur, permethin, DDVP, and hydramethylnon was 1.79, 1.87, 3.04, 4.37, 32.72, and 270.81 ppm, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. For male adults, by topical micro-application method, the {TEX}$LD_{50}${/TEX} value of DDVP and fenvalerate, chlorpyrifls, permethrin, propoxur, hydramethylnon was 2.63, 3.79, 4.51, 6.73, 44.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. From the diet toxicity method against male adults, the CT value (Concentration%$\times${TEX}$LT_{50}${/TEX}) showed that chlorpyrifos was rapid effective and hydramethylnon was residual effective.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2000

Puchu (Allium odorum L.) Kimchi was prepared in 5 different conditions and the color(chlorophyll and carotenoids) and textural properties were measured during fermentation up to 43 days at 10$^{\circ}C$. The 5 preparation conditions which varied depending upon the sub-ingredients were as follows: to add salt (treatment A), soybean sauce(treatment B), soybean sauce and perilla seed powder (treatment C), anchovy sauce(treatment D), and anchovy sauce and glutinous rice paste(treatment E). Residual contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased with the lapse of fermentation time, especially in treatments D and E. Value“a”indicating the degree of greenness in Hunter's color value decreased with the lapse of fermentation time, especially in treatment E. The contents of total soluble pectin and total soluble solid increased during fermentation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

This research regard it as most meaningful to realize the importance of the hedgerow in cultivated areas functioning as a residual landscape element in rural landscape and set improvement guidelines through landscape character and value analysis to cope with landscape malfunction. The results of summary are as follows. 1) First of all, as a result of landscape character analysis of edge stripe in cultivated land in total of 7 case areas, for example, the edge stripe in cultivated land in case area 4 and 8 maintain the width of 10m and are assessed satisfactory in terms of vegetation development condition, appearance of living species, connectivity, buffer capacity and so on. Also, as a result of structural character of correlation analysis among items, the correlation coefficient between width and appearance of living species showed 0.941, the highest. Following are connectivity and appearance of living species and width and buffer capacity respectively: 0.841 and 0.740. 2) As a result of landscape character analysis of uncultivated stripe in total of 6 case areas, it is analyzed that case area 4 maintains the widest width as almost 4.5m average width and considered valuable as I degree in vegetation development condition, filtering, and connectivity. 3) As a result of problem analysis of uncultivated stripe, for example, case 3, 9, and 10 was analyzed that the width was below 1.25m which is too small to carry out the function of buffer and habitat for living creature, so minimum standard width was set between 4~5m through comprehensive analysis of character of each case area. Based on the result above landscape character, value and problem analysis, main improvement guidelines are set in terms of width, connectivity, filtering, and vegetation development, restrictive practices and so on.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

The variation of electrical conductively and Seebeck coefficient of FeSi2 according to the density of the specimen has been observed over the temperature range 50 to $700^{\circ}C$. A conventional pressureless sintering method with various sintering time (0, 0.5, 1, 5h) at $1190^{\circ}C$ and/or various sintering temperatures(1160, 1175, 1190, $1200^{\circ}C$) for 2 h was carried out to prepare $FeSi_2$ specimens having various densities. The relationship between the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient was investigated after two steps of annealing (at $865^{\circ}C$ and then $800^{\circ}C$ for total 160h) and thermoelectric measurement. The electrical conductivity for the specimens showed a typical tendency of semiconductor, the average activation energy of which in the intrinsic region (above $300^{\circ}C$) was observed approximately as 0.452 eV, and increased slightly with density. On the other hand, the specimen of the lower density showed the higher value of Seebeck coefficient in the intrinsic region. As the temperature fell into the non-degenerate region, the highly densified specimen which had relatively little residual metal phase showed the higher value of Seeback coefficient. The power factor of all specimens showed the optimum value at $200^{\circ}C$. However, the power factor of the specimen of the lower density increased again from $400^{\circ}C$ and that of the higher dense specimen increased from $500^{\circ}C$. The power factor was more affected by Seebeck coefficient than electrical conductivity over all temperature range.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 2009

Experimental design for ecological restoration approach was investigated from the P' company's slag dumping area with higher pH value. The degree of pH recovery was measured by the injection of carbon dioxide from the LNG exhaust gas, and the residual carbon, for example, calcium and carbonate which can be controlled by artificial seaweed beds. The degree of adaptability from 3 algaes (Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia stolonifera) and uptake nutrient function of Ecklonia stolonifera chosen in the first treatment were measured in the laboratory to determine the transplanting algae in artificial seaweed beds. The higher value of pH was decreased to 7.0~8.5 by injection of LNG exhaust gas with flow rate $20\;m^3/min$. In the experiment design at laboratory, the upper part of frond of Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum horneri began to decay, and the color changed after 10 days. However, those of Ecklonia stolonifera were after 14~20 days. The uptake rate of nutrient from Ecklonia stolonifera was higher than those of other algaes, and those was similar pattern in the control (e.g. seawater); The DIN concentration uptake of Ecklonia stolonifera was $1.88\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in leachate, but $2.19\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in seawater. However, the ${PO_4}^3$-P concentration uptake was $0.18\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in leachate, but $0.31\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in seawater. These result indicated Ecklonia stolonifera uptaked these nutrients in the leachate as well as in seawater, and it may suggested for this species to transplant for constructing artificial seaweed beds.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.87-93
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper investigates whether managerial overconfidence is associated with firm-specific crash risk. Overconfidence leads managers to overestimate the returns of their investment projects, and misperceive negative net present value projects as value creating. They even use voluntary disclosures to convey their optimistic beliefs about the firms' long-term prospects to the stock market. Thus, the overconfidence bias can lead to managerial bad news hoarding behavior. When bad news accumulates and crosses some tipping point, it will come out all at once, resulting in a stock price crash. Research design, data and methodology - 7,385 firm-years used for the main analysis are from the KIS Value database between 2006 and 2013. This database covers KOSPI-listed and KOSDAQ-listed firms in Korea. The proxy for overconfidence is based on excess investment in assets. A residual from the regression of total asset growth on sales growth run by industry-year is used as an independent variable. If a firm has at least one crash week during a year, it is referred to as a high crash risk firm. The dependant variable is a dummy variable that equals 1 if a firm is a high crash risk firm, and zero otherwise. After explaining the relationship between managerial overconfidence and crash risk, the total sample was divided into two sub-samples; chaebol firms and non-chaebol firms. The relation between how I overconfidence and crash risk varies with business group affiliation was investigated. Results - The results showed that managerial overconfidence is positively related to crash risk. Specifically, the coefficient of OVERC is significantly positive, supporting the prediction. The results are strong and robust in non-chaebol firms. Conclusions - The results show that firms with overconfident managers are likely to experience stock price crashes. This study is related to past literature that examines the impact of managerial overconfidence on the stock market. This study contributes to the literature by examining whether overconfidence can explain a firm's future crashes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2007

Measurement uncertainty could play an important role in the assessment of test results in laboratories and industries. We investigated measurement uncertainties possibly included in determination of flubendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, in pork by HPLC. The concentration of flubendazole was 62.69 ng/g in a sample of pork. Uncertainty was estimated in the analytical procedure of flubendazole. A model equation was made for determination of flubendazole in pork. The four uncertainty components such as weight of sample, volume of sample, calibration curve, and recovery were selected to estimate measurement uncertainties. Standard uncertainty was calculated for each component and all the standard uncertainties were combined. The combined standard uncertainty was expanded to a sample population as an expanded uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty was calculated using k value on Student's t-table and effective degrees of freedom from Welch-Satterthwaite formula. The expanded uncertainty was calculated as 3.45 with the combined standard uncertainty, 1.584 6 and the k value, 2.18. The final expression can be ($62.69{\pm}3.45$) ng/g (confidence level 95%, k = 2.18). The uncertainty value might be estimated differently depending on the selection of the uncertainty components. It is difficult to estimate all the uncertainty factors. Therefore, it is better to take several big effecting components instead of many small effecting components.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

Newtown Business of Seoul had been performed to reduce deterioration of Gangbuk and economic inequality between Gangnam and Gangbuk. According to this, Eunpyeong-gu was set as test-bed for Newtown business and Newtown business had been completed until 2013. This study aims to analyze the influence of social and economical factors which affect land price using GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) considered spatial effect. As a result of analysis, GWR model demonstrated a better goodness-of-fit than OLS (Ordinary least square) model typically used in most study. Furthermore, AIC value and Moran's I of residual prove that GWR model is more suitable than OLS model. GWR model enable to explain more detailed than global regression model as coefficient and sign show different value locally. In future, this research will be helpful to develop Eunpyeong-gu considering spatial characters and strength effectiveness of development.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

In this study, vinegar disinfection was evaluated as a novel method for the preparation of raw food ingredients used in foodservice operations. The test materials were washed and disinfected using three different methods, and were then stored at temperatures of $3^{\circ}C\;and\;10^{\circ}$ for 7 days; Following storage, physicochemical and sensory characteristic comparisons were performed. Temperature for all test materials ranged between 15.2-20. $9^{\circ}C$, water activity was maintained near 0.96, and the pH levels of the samples were 6.44, 6.29, and 6.35, respectively. Residual chlorine levels were generally low, ranging between 0.01 and 0.02. The physicochemical qualities of the samples were evaluated according to the storage method and temperature. Brightness(L value), redness(a value), and yellowness(b value) tended to increase with increasing storage time. The evaluated sensory characteristics included appearance, color, smell, taste, texture, and overall acceptance. With regard to storage temperature the vinegar-treated samples were evaluated as superior, receiving a score of 7.00, and the ingredients stored at $3^{\circ}C$ were evaluated as significantly (p< 0.001) superior to those stored at $10^{\circ}C$. Overall, vinegar is an effective disinfectant to apply in the preparation of raw vegetables that are typically served without heating, and which can cause serious food safety issues when contaminated.