• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to empirically identify the differentiating characteristics of determinant factors on sing-person households' commuting mode choice compared to multi-person households' one in order to establish the customized police directions to decrease private car use in commuting. While the study use the 2% sample survey data on the population and housing in 2015, it employ multinomial logit models on relative choice probability of such alternative commuting modes as bus, subway or rail, and walking, rather than driving. As potential determinant factors, the study employs demographic, socio-economic, and housing and residential one for both models of single-person and multi-person households. The study finds that the behavior of commuting mode choice has distinctive difference by gender, marriage status, physical activity constraint, job type, residential period in current housing of the single-person household's workers compared to the multi-person households' ones. Based on the findings, the study deduce ten commuting policy directions customized for the single-person household.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Though super-highrise apartment buildings have become increasingly widespread, their negative effects on the residents have not been investigated sufficiently and practically in domestic situations. In particular, the foreign discussion on residential environment and the residents' health can not be applied domestically due to physical or cultural differences including physical residential space structure and life-style. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the inter-relationship between residence in super-highrise apartments and their residents' health, to reveal the problems which exist. for this purpose, a parental-response health evaluation - questionnaire on children's physical, emotional and behavioral characteristics was given to a total of 336 persons. The health of the children living in super-highrise apartments is evaluated to be good, and is related to what floor of the apartment building people live on. It is represented that the higher the story, the better the children's health. However, there is no meaningful difference according to various evaluation items including the frequency and type of disease, emotional health, behavioral characteristics, etc. Therefore, it cannot be said that children's health shows no meaningful differences depending on what floor they live on. The parents dwelling on higher floors of the building display a more careful educational attitude. This is because they feel anxious about the children's safety as shown by the fact they live on higher stories.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

As the needs of housing for the elderly has increased, many researches have been carried out and some housing projects for the elderly including nursing home began to be provided. Most researches have focused on the development of housing type or space layout and only several ones on interior design. The interior design in house influences physically or psychologically on the elderly who lives in. Also, the subject of them which examined the needs or preference for housing for the elderly were the middle-aged, not the aged. The purpose of the study was to examine the preferred characteristics of interior design in residential space by the elderly. The structured interview with 120 old persons who lived in Busan was carried out using by a questionnaire and 3D images. The elderly answered about the preferred interior style, color, lighting and interior finishes of each room in house, such as living room, master bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom. On the basis of the findings, the characteristics of interior design of each room in house which the elderly preferred were presented. In general, they preferred the mixed interior style with tradition and modem. Also, the reddish and purple interior color, flower or plant patterned wall finishes, and wood floor were preferred in living room and master bedroom by the elderly. The white interior color and one colored wall finishes without any pattern were preferred in kitchen and bathroom.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.321-335
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• 2014

Eight trace metals, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, were measured in the urban soil of Guwahati City, Assam, India from 31 sites representing five different types of land use, residential, commercial, industrial, public utilities, and roadside. Cd and Co occurred in very low concentrations (Cd << Co) in all types of land use without any significant variation from one type of land use to another. Ni concentrations were more than those of Co, and the concentrations depended on land use pattern. Average Cr and Cu concentrations were ${\geq}100mg/kg$, but Cr had a significantly higher presence in industrial land use. Pb concentrations showed similar trends. The two metals, Mn and Zn, were present in much larger amounts compared to the others with values ${\geq}300mg/kg$. Industrial and roadside soil contained much more Mn while commercial soil was enriched with Zn. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was used for elucidating the mobility characteristics of the eight heavy metals. Mn suffered the highest leaching from commercial land (9.9 mg/kg on average) and also from other types of land. Co, Cu and Pb showed higher leachability from commercial soils but the leached concentrations were less than those of Mn. The two metals, Zn and Ni, were leached from residential land in considerable amounts. The TCLP showed Mn to be the most leachable metal and Cr the least.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.88-92
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• 2005

The Ubiquitous life is not a life style that exists in a science fiction or in a far distance future anymore. The Combination of electronic and physical space, this new type of space was created by the ubiquitous network system, and this system will offer us new life style. Also the pattern of our living will be changed by the information that has obtained from this ubiquitous network system. By offering a new way of communication from the ubiquitous surrounding, our life style such as shopping, medical treatment, banking, and working conditions and a notion such as the preference in a job title would have shifted. This study have arrived at the development of the high technology, in other words Ubiquitous age , I have considered the notion of home-network that have observed by the preceding investigators as well as the theoretical consideration of residential space in ubiquitous surrounding. After I look into the usages and examples of residential space in ubiquitous surrounding of today's society, I hope that this would be helpful for the design that strives for the comfortable living in this ubiquitous age.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2000

R-410A, R-407C, and four refrigerant mixtures composed of R-32, R-l34a, R-l43a, R-l52a, R-600(butane), and R-600a(isobutane) were tested in an attempt to replace R-22 used in most of the residential air conditioners. The performance evaluation was carried out in a psychrometric calorimeter test facility using a residential spilt type air conditioner under the KS rating conditions. Except for the lubricant and hand-operated expansion valve, the other parts of the air conditioner were the same with the commercial system. Performance characteristics were measured; COP, capacity, compressor power, and VCR. R-410A was shown to have 5.5% higher COP and 3.5% lower capacity than R-22. R-32/134a/600a (42.8/ 46.0/11.2 wt%) mixture have the best performance among the four refrigerant mixtures composed of hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon. This inixture have 3.0% lower COP and 1.6% lower capacity than R-22.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

In this study, the results of an analytical investigation on the seismic behavior of two residential 4-story bearing wall buildings with pilotis, each of which has symmetric or unsymmetric wall arrangement at their piloti level, are presented. The dynamic characteristics and lateral resistance of the piloti buildings were investigated through linear elastic and nonlinear static analyses. According to the results, the analytical natural period of vibration of the piloti buildings were significantly shorter than the fundamental period calculated in accordance with KBC 2016. In the initial elastic behavior, the walls resisting in-plane shear contributed to the lateral stiffness and strength, while the contribution of columns resisting flexural moments in double curvature was limited. However, after the shear cracking and yielding of the walls occurred, the columns significantly contributed to the residual strength and ductility. Based on those investigations, design recommendations of low-rise bearing wall buildings with piloti configuration are given.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

In order to understand the physical condition and spatial deformation of houses in rural areas in Hodang Village, Ipjang-myeon, Cheonan-si, a rural area with a good settlement environment, physical characteristics and spatial deformation were identified. First, looking at the construction pattern of houses in rural areas, there have been many houses built since the 1990s, and the modernized spatial composition of urban houses appeared. Second, due to the nature of rural housing, work space and residential space are mixed, and it was analyzed that space is used through renovation to solve this problem. Third, Hodang Village was analyzed as an area with good living services, but as a result of the village survey, the proportion of vacant houses was high at 14 (42.4%). This study is conducting continuous rural housing research, rather than a temporary study on rural housing and vacant houses, based on the problems that have been drawn from previous research and existing fact-finding studies.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

This study reached the following conclusions as a result of carrying out the questionnaire survey of self-descriptions for the satisfaction after the citizens of Daejon uses the dental clinics, in order to identify the factors of satisfaction to the medical services of such dental clinics to be utilized in the patient management by dental hygienists, provide the basic data to provide the medical services desired by patients. 1. 43.9% men responded to the facilities and 56.1% women to the atmosphere for the standards of selection of dental clinics by general characteristic, and the college graduates or more to the kindness (38.2%), high-school graduates (43.2%) and middle-school graduates (25.9%) or less to the close distance for the level of educational attainment (p=0.009), which was meant to have a statistical significance. 2. The execution of reservation system for the dental clinics showed 54.7%, the reserved time was observed upon the execution of such reservation system, the dental clinics where they practice such system were 40.6%, and the confirmation methods was done through the telephone with 62.5%. 3. The experience of fear upon the dental treatment showed 74.6%. The type of fear showed the machine sound (48.7%) for men and cry of others for women (70.8%) at the highest. 70% of those under 30 at the age responded to the sharp instruments at the highest. 83.3% of Yousung-gu showed the highest by responding to the cry of others for the residential areas. The statistically significant difference was shown in both the age and residential area (p=0.000). 4. Women showed higher in the distribution of gender for the sterilization of instruments for the external satisfaction of dental clinics(p=0.000) and those under 30 at the age showed the highest with 2.98${\pm}$0.95(p=0.001). Seo-gu (3.48${\pm}$0.77) was the highest for the residential area (p=0.000), and there was statistically significant differences in the gender, age and residential area. 5. Men showed higher satisfaction than women in the clean state and the statistically significant differences were shown (p=0.000) at the age as the high satisfaction was shown for those under 30 at the age (2.35${\pm}$0.79), those having the income not less than 10 million won and not more than 20 million won (2.43${\pm}$0.78), and Seo-gu (2.63 ${\pm}$0.69) for the residential area. 6. For the internal satisfaction of dental clinic by users for the medical services in the dental clinics, 61.1% women responded to no in the ability of solving the inconvenience in the service process, and showed low ability of solving the inconvenience from 30 at the age (26.2%) and by responding to Dong-gu (22.1%) for the residential area, showing statically significant differences(p=0.000). For the re-use of dental clinics, 46.6% men (p=0.043) for the gender, 24.3% under 30 at the age and 22.9% of Dong-gu for the residential area responded to the re-use, showing statistically significant differences for the gender and residential area (p=0.000). 7. The dissatisfaction showed a high rate of 69.5% for the satisfaction to the medical services of dental clinics. 46.2% men responded to the pain and women to the feeling of foreign substance for the reason of dissatisfaction while those under 30 at the age showed 55.6% for others, those between 50 and 59 41.7% for the feeling of foreign substance. 86.3% carried out the education for cautions after the treatments and most people turned out that they do not carry out the continuous health management of mouth as 20.5% responded to that they carry out such health management.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 도시계획시설로 조성되는 완충녹지가 $PM_{2.5}$(초미세먼지) 저감에 효과가 있는지를 규명하고, 도로변 완충녹지의 구조, 녹량(녹지용적), 식재유형에 따른 초미세먼지 변화량을 분석하여 초미세먼지 저감을 위한 완충녹지 조성 시 활용할 수 있는 요소들을 도출하는 것이었다. 연구대상지는 송파구를 선정하였고, 양재대로, 송파대로에 인접한 5개의 완충녹지에서 16개 조사구를 선정해 현장조사를 실시하였다. $PM_{2.5}$ 농도 측정결과, 조사구별 평균농도는 계절 상관없이 보도 $46.6{\mu}g/m^3$, 녹지 $45.5{\mu}g/m^3$, 주거지 $42.9{\mu}g/m^3$로 모두 도로($53.2{\mu}g/m^3$)보다 낮았으며, 주거지 농도 값이 가장 낮았다. 완충녹지의 농도 저감효과 확인을 위해 완충녹지의 녹량과 초미세먼지 상대비율간의 상관관계 분석결과, 교목과 관목 전체 녹량이 높은 그룹의 상대비율이 낮은 것으로 확인되어 완충녹지 녹량의 영향력을 증명했으며, 관목 부족형이 교목 부족형보다 농도상대비율이 더 높은 것으로 확인되어 관목의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 교목과 관목의 식재구조에 따른 녹피율과 녹지용적계수가 복합적으로 $PM_{2.5}$ 농도 저감에 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 교목의 열수와 관목의 층위구조가 $PM_{2.5}$ 농도 저감에 중요한 영향요인으로 판단되었다. 특히, 초미세먼지 농도가 높은 겨울철 완충녹지의 $PM_{2.5}$ 농도저감 특성 분석결과, 관목의 녹피율이 중요한 요인이었다.