• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2016

In this study, remodeling projects are perceived as a sustainable urban management policy to boost the value of old apartments and stimulate urban regeneration and development. To evaluate the physical environmental performance of external spaces of remodeled apartments, an evaluation model was developed. After applying it to the target places, the following results were obtained. First, analysis of the external space change index of the target apartments revealed that institutional standards are necessary in line with the building arrangement type, parking lot expansion method, and changes in the building-to-land ratio. Second, the score ratio as to the external space change index performance is as follows: safety (48.30); pleasantness (25.90); convenience (18.90); eco-friendliness (14.90). In other words, "safety" had the biggest score ratio. Third, to boost the external space performance of remodeled apartments, the needs of residents and neighboring environmental plans should be considered from a communality standpoint.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1996

Village Renewal(Dorferneuerung) Policy Program in Germany, directly originated from Rural Beutification Movement between mid 18C and mid 19C, has several characteristics as follows. First, we can find out the planned approach in land use and settlement reorganization of Pillage Renewal Program. There are three ways to designate the planning area of the village rearrangement project in countryside. One is to designate the detailed B-plan district by urban plan for the village over some size defined legally. Another is to have a living space of settlement be contained in land allotment project area. In this case, residential areas of several villages related to agricultural land consolidation should be simultaneously designated as the project area. The last is only for the built environment focused on the living space. Second, the emphasis in German village encouragement program can be made on the integral approach through which sets of policy programs of the land allotment, the living environment improvement, the physical landscape management and the cultural resources conservation are intensively implemented together. Third, the bottom-up and community participation approach can be greatly stressed on the planning and implementation process, Community participation, subsidy application to local government by residents themselves, community consensus on architectural style and outdoor spatial form, etc. have been recognized as an effective strategy to accomplish the task of village activity promotion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.61
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 2007

This study attempted to analyze the characteristics of interior design of the apartment units of Model-houses in terms of ecological aspects. 9 companies that possessed their model houses among the construction companies in Busan area as of August 2006 were selected. 20 units in the model houses of these companies were visited and analyzed. Through literature review, the guideline for the environmentally-friendly residential design was designed and developed to the checklists. The data collected were analyzed to find out the ecological characteristics of the interior space of apartment units. The findings are the followings. First, energy efficiency was properly considered in terms of natural lighting and natural ventilation. Second, in sustainability, the materials for floors and walls could not be reused even though they were environmentally-friendly. Water system needs more improvement for sustainable development including grey-water and rain recycling system. Third, interior greening should be applied more for better environment both physically and emotionally. It is expected that future housing will be more high-risen and densely-populated apartment spaces. Therefore, an approach to new ecological aspects including an emphasis on interior greening, use of eco-materials and adhesives, water recycling and flexibility of the spatial configuration should be made for the next generation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.11
• /
• pp.1962-1969
• /
• 2008

According to the increase of power demand and expansion of downtown, it is necessary to install transformers additionally in operating substations and construct substations in residential area. But the public complaint is increased due to the transformer noise of the substation. KEPCO has used a vibration preventing pad, various soundproof walls and an encloser to transformers in outdoor substations, and a soundproof door, shutter and wind-path soundproof equipment in indoor substations to block the sound propagation of the transformers. But these noise reduction methods are not satisfied. It should be considered to reduce transformer noise itself. In this paper, we investigated core noise reduction techniques to develope a low noise transformer. The techniques to reduce core noise of the transformer are application of high permeability grain oriented silicon sheets, decrease of magnetic flux density of core, application of 6step-lap core stacking method, improvement of core binding method(binding addition, band fixing) and application of rubber damper in oder to reduce transmission of core vibration, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2009

Due to rapid economic growth, the usage of residential cooling electrical appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators has increased dramatically for the last decades. In other to reduce its energy consumption, the authorities have applied energy efficiency standards for principal appliances, including air conditioners. and then it can anticipate environmental effects. In this paper, it presents the actual procedure to analyze the effects for the decline in the $CO_2$ emissions and its methodology for the efficiency improvement of the air conditioner that takes a great portion of the summer power uses.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.6-16
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics influencing consultation and waiting time in ambulatory patients. Methods : This study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital. Subjects were a total of 10,383 ambulatory patients. Consultation time was measured by time spent for meeting with his/her physician per patient. Waiting time was defined as the time difference between each patient's reserved time and time to meet with his/her physician for ambulatory care. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the factors influencing consultation and waiting time. Results : Consultation time was different according to patient' age, previous experience of clinic visit, recent admission history, medical department, specialist care, type of reservation, and day of the week. Significant factors influencing waiting time were patient' age, residential area, previous experience of clinic visit, recent admission history, medical department, specialist care, time spent after ambulatory care begins, and day of the week. Conclusions : The medical department was the strongest factor affecting both consultation time and waiting time. The ambulatory reservation management systems should take into account patient characteristics as well as care-related features.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.1340-1347
• /
• 2017

Utilization of Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been growing popularity in recent years due to increment in fuel price and lack of natural resources. Random unexpected charging by home EV charger in distribution is predicted in the future. The power quality problems such as fluctuation of power factor in a residential distribution network was explored with random EV chargers. This paper proposes a high-performance nonlinear sliding mode controller (SMC) for an EV charging system to compensate voltage distortions and to enhance the power factor against the unbalanced EV chargers. For the verification of the proposed scheme, MATLAB-Simulink simulations are performed on 22.9-kV grid. The results show that the proposed scheme can improve the power factor of a smart grid due to the EV chargers on the grid.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2010

The Urban Canopy Model (UCM) implemented in WRF model is applied to improve urban meteorological forecast for fine-scale (about 1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations over the city of Seoul. The results of the surface air temperature and wind speed predicted by WRF-UCM model is compared with those of the standard WRF model. The 2-m air temperature and wind speed of the standard WRF are found to be lower than observation, while the nocturnal urban canopy temperature from the WRF-UCM is superior to the surface air temperature from the standard WRF. Although urban canopy temperature (TC) is found to be lower at industrial sites, TC in high-intensity residential areas compares better with surface observation than 2-m temperature. 10-m wind speed is overestimated in urban area, while urban canopy wind (UC) is weaker than observation by the drag effect of the building. The coupled WRF-UCM represents the increase of urban heat from urban effects such as anthropogenic heat and buildings, etc. The study indicates that the WRF-UCM contributes for the improvement of urban weather forecast such nocturnal heat island, especially when an accurate urban information dataset is provided.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.121-135
• /
• 1994

The Purpose of this study was to obtain data about management of the landscape plants and facility in APT. complex. Because of be completed 2 years ago, landscape plants ware damaged by transplantation and lost the nature tree shape. As well, the management conditions of plants and facility were wholly bad. In details, tree-species consisted of 52 species arbors and 35 species shrubs in APT. complex. The high rank 5 species were planted as main plants. The rates were 45.6-62.8% in arbors and 81.8-97.0% in shrubs. In the degree of tree shape and damage by diseuse and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were ranked highly as 13.9% and 10.4%. In the degree of tree shape and damage by disease and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were showed as 5.1% and 4.7%. In the interview Survey, the main problems of management-maintenance were expressed deficiency of budget, specialist and concern of residents. In the future, methods for the intensive management of APT. complex; First, the management of landscape plants and facility should be attained by a expert and need to establishment of maintenance scheme thoroughly. Above all, for improvement of residential life, we should be lead to convert of a resident recognition in the management -maintenance of exterior space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2007

This study investigated how external environmentally-friendly factors adopted to improve the quality of outdoor spaces have been designed and used in the construction of apartment complexes. The goal of this study is to determine what areas should be improved through environmentally-friendly ways to create natural outdoor spaces in apartment complexes and enhance their availability and usefulness. For this study, 21 environmentally-friendly factors were chosen and a checklist by specific item was prepared. This study examine how these items were applied to basic planning, detail design, and construction in 4 target areas. As a result, it was found that the development of environmentally-friendly residential areas was an ultimate goal of the project during basic planning and design. All target areas focused on developing an inner greens network, eco-pond, brook, and pedestrian track as well as the growth of a variety of plants. Some differences have been observed, however, in terms of method. Furthermore, due to economic and technological problems and poor construction site conditions, green walls/green roofs/pedestrian tracks/use of rainwater have not been properly promoted. These kinds of problems must be improved through the development of environmentally-friendly construction methods and materials, the expansion of natural grounds areas, economic support, a satisfactory repair and maintenance system.