• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 1997

In order to elucidate the degradation characteristics of the herbicide imazapyr in soil, mineralization to $^{14}CO_2$and adsorption were investigated using eight types of soils with the different physico-chemical properties. The results obtained were as follows: 1. During the incubation period of 12 weeks after the treatment of imazapyr, the amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from 8 types of soils with different properties ranged from 1.5 to 4.9% of the originally applied $^{14}C$ activities. Soil C, G, and H with low pH and high organic matter showed low $^{14}CO_2$evolution, whereas soil B and D with high pH and low organic matter did high $^{14}CO_2$ evolution. 2. Time for reaching the equilibrium concentrations in the adsorption experiment of imazapyr in soils was about 3 hours at $25^{\circ}c$ in soil C, D, G, and H. Imazapyr was adsorbed in the range of 0.25${\sim}$28.32% in soils with different physico-chemical properties. Among the soil parameters, organic matter content was the most influential in imazapyr adsorption on soil. The Freundlich adsorption coefficient $(K_f)$ increased 5.5 to 25.6 times as organic matter content increased 2.0 to 21.3 times. Hence it seems that the extent to which soil organic matter contributes to imazapyr adsorption is greater than that of clay mineral. $K_f$ values for the soils tested were 0.44, 0.08, 0.65, and 2.05 in soil C, D, G, and H, respectively. In all the soils tested, $K_f$ values had a strong resemblance to K_$K_d$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 1974

Pigments were extracted by aqueous acetone from the boiled canned oyster colored during storage and then the components were separated by thin layer chromatography. Totally eleven pigments could be isolated including one yellow, one red, five orange or reddish orange and four green components, and their UV-visible spectra were measured. It can be envisioned from the electronic spectral study and color reaction on the indivisual pigments isolated from the brown acetone extracts that the green pigments as well as most of the yellow orange ones may be porphyrin derivatives originated probably from the chlorophyll and some of the orange pigments contains ketocarotenoids. In particular, the pigment of band 8 which is expected to be pheophytin a or its derivatives and the carotenoid band 7 seem to be the major pigment. The close resemblance of the chromatogram of the colored muscle extract to that of the viscera suggests that the brown coloring material is probably originated from the viscera pigments.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.109-130
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• 2016

Plato learned of teleology from his teacher Socrates and expanded it to its application in cosmology. His cosmological work Timaeus was the final edition of teleological view. The motive that Demiurge created the cosmos was in resemblance of his goodness. He then modeled the idea of the Good imposing limit to the Forms of Good in a material world. In this sense, Demiurge was an excellent creator and created the Good cosmos. The cosmic body was made from four elements (water, fire, air, earth) and the cosmic soul entered the cosmic body and the cosmic intelligence (nous) entered the cosmic soul. According to these steps, this cosmos was created and named a living god. In conclusion, Plato asserts that this cosmos was created by God's teleological project, and resembles the goodness of a god. When man followed the order and balance in the cosmos, the good of the individual and the state would be accomplished.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.323-356
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• 2016

The present study examines Nietzsche's critique of Schopenhauer with regard to the problem of morality and the basis thereof. Schopenhauer's philosophy that each written life as objectification of the will, had an important impact on the early development of Nietzsche's philosophy. But nevertheless Nietzsche criticized Schopenhauer because he denies life in the value of earthly life. Schopenhauer asserts that life is a painful matter because the blind govern all life, and pushes. But unlike Nietzsche, Schopenhauer buoyed the meaning of life, which increases again with the will to power and carry out. Of course there is some resemblance between Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, namely equiprimordiality as both distance themselves from the traditional philosophy that characterizes the man as a rational being and understands. They both destruct the idea of philosophy as a science, and try together to build another philosophical horizon. But in terms of interpretations of life and morals, they have taken different paths. According to Schopenhauer, our life is ultimately sad and agonizing. To overcome this situation, we must deny the will to live and renounce it absolutely. He believes that the moral can eliminate the displacement of the blind will to live and overcome. But in comparison, Nietzsche claims that morality or any moral act is always driven out of resentment. But this resentment is nothing more than a revenge or retribution, which was invented by the weakness. But according to Nietzsche, the feeling of resentment clear will to live. The present paper examines whether Nietzsche's moral critique of Schopenhauer is possible and if so, such a moral critique of Nietzsche can be performed.

• Trans-
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• v.8
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• pp.1-28
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• 2020

This study examines musical characteristics of so-called 'Hongdae Sound' as a historic musical trend by comparing with 'US 8^th Army Sound' and British 'London Punk'. Hongdae Sound refers to the musical trend that was formed with independent bands and musicians who mostly performed live in the club called 'Drug' in Hongdae area, and voluntarily adopted minor musical sensitivity and indie spirit of 'post-punk rock' genre. But as an industrial standpoint the superficial identity of 'indie' interferes with academic approach when analysing musical aspects of Hongdae Sound. Therefore it is necessary to rearrange its characteristics as the musical trend based on regional classification in order to fully appreciate its status in history of Korean popular music. US 8^th Army Sound refers to the musical trend that was played within the live stages in US military bases in Korea. Many hired Korean musicians for those shows were able to learn the current popular musical trend in the States, and to spread those to the general public outside the bases. The industrial system of the Army Sound was very similar to that of K-Pop, but when it comes to leading the newest musical trend of 'rock-n-roll', it had more resemblance to that of Hongdae Sound. London punk was the back-to-basic form of pure rock that was armed with social angst and rebel, indie spirit. Its primal motto was 'do-it-yourself', and Hongdae Sound mostly followed its industrial, musical and spiritual paths. London punk was short-lived because it abandoned its indie spirits and became absorbed to the mainstream. But Hongdae sound maintain its longevity by maintaining the spirit and truthfulness of indie, while endlessly experimenting with new trends.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.16
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• pp.273-296
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• 2008

The author analyzed the psychological factors which affected on the way of Mrs. Park in the became a virtuous woman and compared these psychological factors with a virtuous women in Samganghaengsildo based on the relationship between Mrs. Park in and Samganghaengsildo's the virtuous women volume. First of all, it's about the power of authority on women. The volume of Samganghaengsildo's virtuous women was about the group of women who were recognized as virtuous women by the king who had absolute power at the time period. The volume of Samganghaengsildo's virtuous women was very well known for women. This book had a huge impact on women since the government authority educated the women using this book. In addition, the incredible events which were written in Samganghaengsildo indicated that the behavior of virtue was the right thing to follow since even super power recognized it as a good thing to do and the woman might be punished when she didn't follow the behavior of virtue. Second, it was based on the similarity of circumstance and uncertainty for the future. Mrs. Park in showed similar behavioral patterns with a virtuous woman in Samganghaengsildo since she took her role model from the virtuous woman. When Mrs. Park lost her husband, she was not sure about her future and the volume of Samganghaengsildo pointed out that there was another world after the death and she would meet her husband again after the death. In addition, the incorrect information that she would feel better psychologically when she followed her dead husband instead of living herself. Third, it is about the resemblance of obsessive mind and self internalization. The examination of the record of Mrs. Park showed that Mrs. Park tried to internalize integrity, loyalty, and virtue of virtuous women in Samganghaengsildo and became herself like virtuous women. In addition, the woman's obsessive mindset remarkly reflected in Samganghaengsildo. For instance, Mrs. Park in held to the time of death of her husband and the writer who wrote about the behavior of Mrs. Park also emphasized that the time of death of Mrs. Park was closed to the time of the death of her husband. This explained that the obsessive mindset of women in the epic of virtue women could have influence on the women's mind who tried to show the similar behavior with a virtue woman and internalize it. Finally, the people of the day also were not free from it.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-139
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• 2021

The way of change detection in which presence of a different item is determined between memory and test arrays with a brief in-between time interval resembles how visual search is done considering that the different item is searched upon the onset of a test array being compared against the items in memory. According to the resemblance, the present study examined whether varying the probability of change occurrence in a visual short-term memory-based change detection task can influence the aspect of response-decision making (i.e., change prevalence effect). The simple-feature change detection task in the study consisted of a set of four colored boxes followed by another set of four colored boxes between which the participants determined presence or absence of a color change from one box to the other. The change prevalence was varied to 20, 50, or 80% in terms of change occurrences in total trials, and their change detection errors, detection sensitivity, and their subsequent RTs were analyzed. The analyses revealed that as the change prevalence increased, false alarms became more frequent while misses became less frequent, along with delayed correct-rejection responses. The observed change prevalence effect looks very similar to the target prevalence effect varying according to probability of target occurrence in visual search tasks, indicating that the background principles deriving these two effects may resemble each other.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-214
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• 2012

After the introduction of the three welfare regimes by Esping-Andersen, discussion on 'other' types of welfare regimes was facilitated and the scholarly focus on East Asian economic development gradually shifted to the East Asian welfare states discussion from the late 1990s. Literature on East Asian welfare states increased our understanding on the characteristics of not only the East Asian welfare state as a whole but also of each country in the region. However, compared the attention given to developing variables and empirical studies on the East Asian welfare state, less attention has been given to the concept of East Asian welfare states. Recognizing the limitation in developing comparable variables without a concept analysis of the East Asian welfare states, this study highlights the importance of conceptualization and concept analysis in comparative social policy studies. This paper first discusses on the concepts, conceptualization and on the use of set theory in comparative social policy research. Next, the study argues the validity of 'functional equivalence' in the East Asian welfare state studies and critically reviews the existing literature. Lastly, this paper suggests how the concept of functional equivalence can be successfully employed for the East Asian welfare states studies with a concept analysis and by applying a set theory including the fuzzy set theory.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.415-443
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• 2012

The moral instruction expresses and conveys a abstract objects so called moral. And it pursues occurrence of moral meaning contained a emotion. In these respects, there is a resemblance between moral instruction and artistic symbolic language. Meanwhile, the poetry are a typical form of artistic symbolic language, and especially poetic symbolism is a representative and possible way that expresses accepting a meaning of abstract objects. Then a moral instruction needs to be poetic symbolism. The poetic symbolism that a moral instruction intends to resemble is a linguistic expression, but at the same time that is a expression beyond a linguistic limitation for conveying the metaphysical meaning. For this, the poetic symbolism reveals visible and concrete vehicles that imply invisible and metaphysical tenor. At this point, poetic symbolism is characterized with sameness, implicitness, polysemy, context, allness. The poetic symbolism having these characters appears personal symbol of poet as combined with creative imagination, and is experienced poetic meaning as combined with creative imagination of reader. The moral instruction as a poetic symbolism offers learning experience similar to poetic experience. The moral instruction as a poetic symbolism would be constructed not a logical or prosaic explain but symbolic form that can draw various moral meaning. For this construction, first, we might find a symbolic media for materialization of teaching contents. Second, moral teaching should be constructed to be searching moral meaning of symbolic media. Third, moral teaching should be constructed to be interpreting moral meaning of symbolic media. When teacher can construct moral instruction as possible as similar to poetic symbolism, student can learn moral meaning combined with emotion through their response and interpretation to the teaching. It is very similar to good poem that is sympathized and accommodated poet's theme by reader.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2021

Background: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD), one of the aglycone derivatives of major ginsenosides, has been shown to have an anticancer activity toward a variety of cancers. This study was initiated with an attempt to evaluate its anti-cancer activity toward human endometrial cancer by cell and xenograft mouse models. Methods: Human endometrial cancer (HEC)-1A cells were incubated with different 20(S)-PPD concentrations. 20(S)-PPD cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using the annexin V binding assay and cell cycle analysis. Cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activated caspase-9 were assessed using western blotting. HEC-1A cell tumor xenografts in athymic mice were generated by inoculating HEC-1A cells into the flank of BALB/c female mice and explored to validate 20(S)-PPD anti-endometrial cancer toxicity. Results: 20(S)-PPD inhibited HEC-1A cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM at 24 h. HEC-1A cells morphologically changed after 20(S)-PPD treatment, bearing resemblance to Taxol-treated cells. Annexin V-positive cell percentages were 0%, 10.8%, and 58.1% in HEC-1A cells when treated with 0, 2.5, and 5 μM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively, for 24 h. 20(S)-PPD subcutaneously injected into the HEC-1A cell xenograft-bearing mice three times a week for 17 days manifested tumor growth inhibition by as much as 18% at a dose of 80 mg/kg, which sharply contrasted to controls that showed an approximately 2.4-fold tumor volume increase. These events paralleled caspase-9 activation and PARP cleavage. Conclusion: 20(S)-PPD inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell death via a caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the 20(S)-PPD-like ginsenosides are endowed with ample structural information that could be utilized to develop other ginsenoside-based anticancer agents.