• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

This paper describes interactive dynamic simulation schemes for articulated bodies in virtual environments, where user interaction is allowed through a haptic interface. We incorporated these schemes into our dynamic simulator I-GMS, which was developed in an object-oriented framework for simulating motions of free bodies and complex linkages, such as those needed for robotic systems or human body simulation. User interaction is achieved by performing push and pull operations with the PHANToM haptic device, which runs as an integrated part of I-GMS. We use both forward and inverse dynamics of articulated bodies for the haptic interaction by the push and pull operations, respectively. We demonstrate the user-interaction capability of I-GMS through on-line editing of trajectories for 6-dof (degrees of freedom) articulated bodies.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

The mineral contents of the cultivation substrates, fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, and the postharvest cultivation substrates were determined in cultivated edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, and Hypsizigus marmoreus. The major mineral elements both in the cultivation substrates and in the fruiting bodies were K, Mg, Ca, and Na. Potassium was particularly abundant ranging 10${\sim}$13 g/kg in the cultivation substrates and 26${\sim}$30 g/kg in the fruiting bodies. On the contrary, the calcium content in the fruiting bodies was very low despite high concentrations in the cultivation substrates, indicating Ca in the cultivation substrates is in a less bio-available form or the mushrooms do not have efficient Ca uptake channels. Among the minor mineral elements determined in this experiment, Cu, Zn, and Ni showed high percentage of transfer from the cultivation substrates to the fruiting bodies. It is noteworthy that the mineral contents in the postharvest cultivation substrates were not changed significantly which implies that the spent cultivation substrates are nutritionally intact in terms of mineral contents and thus can be recycled as mineral sources and animal feeds.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.281-297
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to select factors affecting the global competitiveness of testing and certification bodies and to develop evaluation indicator. Methods: Considering the industrial characteristics of Korea, the electrical and electronic test and certification field was selected as the research subject. As a research method, various factors were extracted through exploratory research such as theoretical considerations on the competitiveness of testing and certification bodies and analysis of the growth process of global testing and certification bodies, and focused interviews and surveys were conducted with conformity assessment experts. Results: The 16 factors affecting the global competitiveness of testing and certification institutions were identified. Among the 4 PEST factors, the technological factor had the highest importance, followed by the economic factor, the social factor, and the political factor. The average of the 16 factors was 0.0625, and the 8 factors above the average included 4 technological factors, 3 economic factors, and 1 social factor, but did not include political factors. The factor with the greatest weight was Standardization Capability for Testing & Certification 0.105. Conclusion: It can be used to evaluate the global competitiveness level of domestic testing and certification bodies using evaluation indicators and to establish strategies for strengthening global competitiveness.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.204-205
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• 2005

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 1978

In order to isolate and identify Anaplasma bodies, two dairy cattle were inoculated with the whole blood of Korean cattle reacted to capillary tube agglutination test (Ana-test). The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the infected dairy cattle, Anaplasma bodies were first detected between 30 to 40 days post infection. 2. The isolates were identified as Anaplasma centrale on the basis of morphology of infected anaplasma bodies in erythocytes.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2012

느타리버섯은 우리나라 국민에 기호성이 매우 높으며, 가장 많이 생산 소비되는 대표적인 버섯이다. 소비적 측면에서의 영양학적 가치 증진과 생리대사적인 측면에서의 흡수기작에 대한 특성을 확인하기위하여 배지내 당첨가에 따른 자실체의 당성분 변화를 조사하였다. 느타리버섯 톱밥 배지에 4종의 당을 첨가한 배지에 수한1호, 여름느타리, 춘추2호를 재배하여 자실체를 분석한 결과 단당류로는 Fructose, Glucose, Ribose, Xylose, 이당류는 ${\alpha}$-Lactose, Trehalose, 당알콜류는 Glycerol, Mannitol, myo-Inositol, Sorbitol의 성분이 검출 되었다. 모든 처리에서 발견되는 성분으로는 Trehalose, Mannitol, ${\alpha}$-Lactose, Fructose, Glucose, Ribose, myo-Inositol 등이며, 나머지 성분은 일부 처리에서만 발견되고, 많은 함량의 순서는 품종에 따라 약간 차이가 있었다. 자실체 내의 단당류는 함량 자체가 낮고, 공시품종 중에서 수한1호가 다른 품종에 비하여 약간 높았다. 처리된 당종류 및 처리함량의 증가에 따라 자실체의 성분함량이 뚜렷이 증감되는 경향은 확인되지 않았다. 배지에 처리된 성분중 Lactose는 처리량의 증가에 따라 모든 품종에서 뚜렷이 증가하였으며, 자실체의 Trehalose 함량은 품종에 따라 차이를 나타내었으나, 배지의 첨가량에 따른 영향은 보이지 않았다. 자실체 내의 당알코홀류는 수한과 춘추2호에서는 높은 편이나 여름느타리버섯에서는 낮아 품종간 차이가 있었다. 자실체의 Mannitol 함량은 배지의 당첨가량에 따른 일정한 경향은 없었으며, myo-Inositol은 수한과 춘추2호에서 처리량에 따라 서서히 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 여름느타리에서는 일정한 경향을 확인 할 수 없었다. 배지에 처리한 당류중에 처리량 증가에 따라 자실체의 함량이 품종에 관계없이 증가하는 것은 ${\alpha}$-Lactose 뿐이었으며, 자실체에서 발견되는 성분들은 배지성분의 흡수보다는 자실체 내의 대사기작 내에서 합성 또는 전환되는 것으로 추정되며, 앞으로 더 관련 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권2호통권121호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2007

This case study offers fundamental data for the research and construction of future of water. It also provides an understanding of the design and characteristics of the existing water bodies in urban parks. This study was begun by conducting field research on the completion of the construction of 67 different urban parks located in the downtown areas of the following cities: Gimhae, Yangsan, Changwon, Masan, and Jinju. The field research was conducted from July to October of 2006. Additional research was performed in July of 2007. Construction trends were examined and the design and characteristics of the types of locations, shapes, scales, materials, and added objects for the enhancement of recreational value of the 31 water bodies constructed in 18 urban parks out of the 67 were analyzed. According to the results of the study, the most common design feature was a fountain that shot up. The bodies of water were designed by using a simple technique in accordance with the basic principles of location, shape, size, materials, and added objects for the enhancement of recreational value, with the exception of a few different factors in the research subjects. In conclusion, it can be recommended that further research be conducted in the consideration and various plans of location, shape, size, materials, and added objects for the enhancement of recreational value of future constructions of water bodies in urban parks in order to offer a more pleasant environment to the users.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2009

The levels of ergothioneine (ERG), which have been shown to act as an excellent antioxidant, were determined in both fruiting bodies and mycelia of various mushroom species. We found that ERG accumulated at different levels in fruiting bodies of mushrooms and showed up to a 92.3-fold difference between mushrooms. We also found that ERG accumulated at higher levels in mycelia than in fruiting bodies of economically important mushroom species such as Ganoderma neo-japonicum, G. applanatum and Paecilomyces tenuipes. The addition of 2 mM methionine (Met) to mycelial culture medium increased the ERG contents in most mushroom species tested, indicating that Met is a good additive to enhance the ERG levels in a variety of mushroom species. Taking these results into consideration, we suggest that the addition of Met to the mycelial culture medium is an efficient way to enhance the antioxidant properties in economically important mushroom species.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.795-801
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• 2004

The injection molded Fe sintered bodies were fabricated using two kinds of Fe powders haying 50 nm and $3\sim5{\mu}m$ in diameter. In the using of Fe powder having 50 nm in diameter, the comparatively dense bodies ($94\sim97\%$) were obtained even at low sintering temperature ($600\sim700^{\circ}C$), while in the sintered bodies ($1000^{\circ}C$) using $3\sim5{\mu}m$ Fe powder, their relative densities showed low values about $93\%$, although they were strongly depend on the sintering temperature and volume ratio of Fe powder and binder. In the sintered bodies using of 50 nm Fe powders, the volume shrinkage and grain size increased as the sintering temperature increased, but the values of hardness decreased. In the sample sintered at $650^{\circ}C$, the values of relative density, volume shrinkage and grain size were $96\%,\;37\%\;and\;0.97{\mu}n$, respectively and the minimum value of wear depth was obtained due to combination of fine grain and comparatively high density.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1996

The production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli often leads to the formation of an intracellular inclusion body. Key process steps that can determine the economics of large-scale protein production from inclusion bodies are fermentation, inclusion body recovery, and protein refolding. Compared with protein refolding and fermentation, inclusion body recovery has received scant research attention. Nevertheless, it can control the final product yield and hence process cost for some products. Optimal separation of inclusion bodies and cell debris can also aid subsequent operations by removing contaminant particulates that foul chromatographic resins and contain antigenic pyrogens. In this review, the properties of inclusion bodies and cellular debris are therefore examined. Attempts to optimise the centrifugal separation of inclusion bodies and debris are also discussed.