• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

Electrosurgical Unit(ESU) is medical equipment that cut or coag tissues using electrical energy. It is used in hospitals' outpatient clinic room and operating room. Improper use of an ESU may cause fatal injuries to the patient, such as burns. So, before using an ESU, make sure that it is supplying enough energy for cut and coag by measuring the output power and checking the output power cable. In this study, we developed a simple ESU power measurement system PW100 that allows anyone to check the basic output power. And PW100 can check the state of the cable associated with the output power before using ESU. Then, we compared the measured output power of the PW100 with an ESU Analyzer which was commercialized, and compared the performance. In the experiment, the output power measured by the PW100 was lower value than an ESU Analyzer's that. However, the PW100's output power measured in the 5% error range and showed stable reproducibility by a low %RSD value.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.11C no.4
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

An overview of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Static Induction Transistor (SIT) development is presented. Basic conduction mechanisms are introduced and discussed, including ohmic, exponential, and space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanisms. Additionally, the impact of velocity saturation and temperature effects on SCLC are reviewed. The small-signal model, breakdown voltage, power density, and different gate structures are also discussed, before a final review of published SiC SIT results. Published S-band (3-4 GHz) results include 9.5 dB of gain and output power of 120 W, and L-band (1.3 GHz) results include 400 W output power, 7.7 dB of gain, and power density of 16.7 W/cm.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2005

In this study, S-Band receiver for low orbit satellite is implemented. The developed receiver is double super-heterodyne type and STDN compatible. Input/output frequency of receiver is 2034.747MHz and 18.414MHz used for KOMPSAT 2 satellite. Overall gain(@AGC=0V) and image rejection were 92.4dB and 50.2dB respectively. It was verified that receiver has stable performance to the temperature limit, power supply voltage variation and input signal level range.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 2017

This paper proposes a signal merging algorithm to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a GPS correlator output to estimate the roll angle of a rotating vehicle in a weak GPS signal environment. Rotation Locked Loop (RLL) algorithm is used to estimate a roll angle using the characteristics that the power of the GPS signal measured at the receiver of a rotating vehicle varies periodically. First, delay times are calculated to synchronize GPS signals using satellites' and receiver's positions and the rotation frequency of a vehicle, and then correlator outputs are delayed in time and merged with each other, resulting in the increase of an SNR in a correlator output. Finally, simulations are conducted and the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.29-46
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• 2020

The paper describes the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of artificial neural networks (ANN) in India in the global context. The study is based on research publications data (8260) as covered in the Scopus database during 1999-2018. ANN research in India registered 24.52% growth, averaged 11.95 citations per paper, and contributed 9.77% share to the global ANN research. ANN research is skewed as the top 10 countries account for 75.15% of global output. India ranks as the third most productive country in the world. The distribution of research by type of ANN networks reveals that Feed Forward Neural Network type accounted for the highest share (10.18% share), followed by Adaptive Weight Neural Network (5.38% share), Feed Backward Neural Network (2.54% share), etc. ANN research applications across subjects were the largest in medical science and environmental science (11.82% and 10.84% share respectively), followed by materials science, energy, chemical engineering and water resources (from 6.36% to 9.12%), etc. The Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee lead the country as the most productive organizations (with 289 and 264 papers). Besides, the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (33.04 and 2.76) and Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (24.26 and 2.03) lead the country as the most impactful organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. P. Samui and T.N. Singh have been the most productive authors and G.P.S.Raghava (86.21 and 7.21) and K.P. Sudheer (84.88 and 7.1) have been the most impactful authors. Neurocomputing, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research and Applied Soft Computing topped the list of most productive journals.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.114-122
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• 2014

Sensor fusion is the one of the main research topics. It offers the highly reliable estimation of vehicle movement by processing and mixing several sensor outputs. But unfortunately, every sensor has drift which degrades the performance of sensor. It means a single degraded sensor output may affect whole sensor fusion system. Drift in most research is ideally assumed to be zero because it's usually a nonlinear model and has sample variation. Plus, it's very difficult for the acceleration to separate drift from the output signal since it contains many contributors such as vehicle acceleration, slope angle, pitch angle, surface condition and so on. In this paper, modified spline interpolation is introduced as a dynamic temperature compensation method covering sample variation. Using the last known output and the first initial output is suggested to build and update compensation factor. When the system has more compensation data, the system will have better performance of compensated output because of the regression compensation model. The performance of the dynamic temperature compensation system is evaluated by measuring offset drift between with and without the compensation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.529-539
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• 2023

The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world's third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.337-348
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• 2011

Urban environmental problem became one of major issues during its urbanization processes. Environmental impacts are assessed during recent urban planning and development. Though the environmental impact assessment considers meteorological impact as a minor component, changes in wind environment during development can largely affect the distribution pattern of air temperature, humidity, and pollutants. Impact assessment of local wind is, therefore, a major element for impact assessment prior to any other meteorological impact assessment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are utilized in various fields such as in wind field assessment during a construction of a new building and in post analysis of a fire event over a mountain. CFD models require specially formatted input data and produce specific output files, which can be analyzed using special programs. CFD's huge requirement in computing power is another hurdle in practical use. In this study, a CFD model and related software processors were automated and integrated as a microscale wind environmental impact assessment system. A supercomputer system was used to reduce the running hours of the model. Input data processor ingests development plans in CAD or GIS formatted files and produces input data files for the CFD model. Output data processor produces various analytical graphs upon user requests. The system was used in assessing the impacts of a new building near an observatory on wind fields and showed the changes by the construction visually and quantitatively. The microscale wind assessment system will evolve, of course, incorporating new improvement of the models and processors. Nevertheless the framework suggested here can be utilized as a basic system for the assessment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Collaborative research and development (R&D) has been encouraged based on the belief that knowledge spill-over is mutually beneficial for partners. Although the benefits are supported by science and technology policy research, the risk of R&D collaboration has not been extensively discussed. Two independent studies suggest that there are risks associated with the overuse of collaborative research frameworks. Two sets of R&D collaboration data were analyzed: between the national bio-technology research program and 1) Data Envelop Analysis (DEA), and 2) between Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In the case of SFA, output measures were integrated into a single output, with weights extracted from research programme managers' responses to the questionnaire. While the DEA result demonstrated the inefficiency of collaborative research, SFA did not. Unlike previous research highlighting risks associated with disclosing proprietary R&D and potential conflict of interest, our study indicates that the transaction's social cost affects collaborative research efficiency. Therefore, governments promoting R&D collaborations should be carefully managed, and policy makers must reconsider the strict conditions governing compulsory collaborative R&D programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Recently, nanotechnology has grown as one of the leading science technology along with other converging technologies such as biology, information, medicine etc., bringing the continuous investment of the government in nano-related field. However, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the performance of the national research and development programs because of the multidimensional character of the expected outcomes. This study aims to measuring efficiency of the national nanotechnology research and development programs using DEA model. The decision making units are nine nano-related ministries including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The input variables are total expenditure, number of the programs and average expenditure per program. The output variables are science, technology and economic indicator, and the combination of these outputs are respectively measured as seven different DEA cases. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future was the first efficient ministry in total technical efficiency. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were efficient in pure technical efficiency, when the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy took the first in the scale efficiency. The program efficiency was affected by organizational characteristics such as the institution's scale, the concentration of the research paper or the patent, technology transfer or the commercialization. The result of this study could be utilized in development of the policy in the nanotechnology and the related field. Furthermore, it could be applied for the modification of expenditure management or the adjustment of the research and development programs' input and output scale for each ministry.