• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2017

본 연구는 감귤 콤부차의 산업화를 위한 발효 균주 표준화를 위하여 콤부차에서 분리된 3가지 균주(Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Gluconacetobacter medellinensis, Gluconobacter oxydans)를 이용한 감귤 발효액(CK-MOX)의 기능적 특성을 탐색하고자 하였다. CK-MOX 제조 후 15일간 3일 마다 샘플링을 하였으며, 발효 기간에 따른 pH, 산도, 항산화 능력을 평가하였다. 발효에 따라 pH는 감소하였고, 산도는 증가하였다. DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, ORAC assay를 통한 항산화 능력 측정 결과 발효에 따라 항산화 능력이 향상하는 것으로 나타났으며, 방광암 세포주(EJ 세포)의 생존 억제 및 이동 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 CK-MOX로 유도된 EJ 세포의 사멸에 MAPK pathway의 중추적인 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 ERK의 발현이 깊이 관여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

Objectives : Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (ABR) has been used for treating of many symptoms especially osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we determined the effects of water extract of ABR in RANKL (Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor $\kappa$ B Ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation culture system. Methods : We assayed mRNA expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP, OSCAR, $FcR{\gamma}$, DAP12 and GAPDH in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with ABR. The protein expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, MAPKs and $\beta$-actin in cell lysates treated with ABR were analysed by Western blotting. In addition we determined the effects of water extract of ABR on LPS-induced bone-loss mouse. Results : Water extract of ABR showed remarkable inhibition on RANKL-treated osteoclast differentiation without cytotoxicity. ABR down-regulated the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1 by RANKL. ABR suppressed phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and I-${\kappa}B$. ABR rescued bone erosion by LPS induction in vivo study. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that ABR may be a useful remedy for curing of bone-loss disease such as osteoporosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2010

목적: 레티노인산(All-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)은 뇌종양 세포의 증식을 억제한다. 최근 ATRA에 의한 카타라제의 유도가 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 ATRA의한 카타라제의 유도가 ATRA의 세포증식 억제 효과와 관련이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 36B10세포를 0~50${\mu}M$ ATRA로 24, 48시간 처리한 후 카타라제의 mRNA, 단백질 및 활성도를 측정하였다. 반응성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)은 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate를 사용하여 측정하였고, 세포사는 clonogenic assay로 측정하였다. 결과: 카타라제의 mRNA, 단백질 및 활성도는 ATRA의 농도 및 처리 시간에 따라 증가하였다. ATRA에 의해 증가한 카타라제의 활성도는 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ)에 의해 감소하였다. ATRA에 의해 증가한 ROS는 ATZ에 의해 감소하였다. ATRA에 의해 감소한 세포 생존분획은 ATZ에 의해 부분적으로 증가하였다. 결론: ATRA에 의해 유도된 카타라제는 ROS의 과생산과 관련 있으며 이는 36B10세포의 증식 억제를 가져온다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2007

Eurasian black vulture (Aegypius monachus) belongs to family Accipitridae and is a raptor preying small birds and mammals. It is a wintering bird residing from the mid of November to the late of March in Korea. Although Eurasian black vulture population wintering at Korea is gradually increased, the efficient rescue and treatment for injured Eurasian black vultures are still problematic, due to lack of basic data. Therefore, in this survey, to obtain basic resources for establishing more efficient rescue system, we surveyed the number of Eurasian black vultures wintering at Gangwon province, wintering ecology and injury state of Eurasian black vulture. Survey area was Togyo reservoir at Cheorwon, Seonan basin at Yangoo and Wolsong reservoir at Chuncheon from November 2004 to March 2005. From 12 rescued Eurasian black vultures, physical examination, total plasma protein (TPP) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. To survey injury state of Eurasian black vultures wintering at Gangwon province, we surveyed the cause, morbidity and mortality from 103 Eurasian black vultures, based on medical records from animal rescue teams. The number of eurasian black vultures were gradually increased from November, peaked at Feburary, then steeply decreased at March. Eurasian black vultures showed the most vigorous activity around 1 PM within a day. In physical examination, mean body weight was $9.6{\pm}1.22kg$, body length was $1130{\pm}45.4mm$. No statistically significant difference in body weight and length between male and female eurasian black vultures was observed. Mean PCV was $40.2{\pm}2.7%$, while mean TPP was $5.86{\pm}0.8mg/dl$. The most common cause of injury and mortality was intoxication, while that of morbidity was fatigue.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2005

Using the genomic library constructed at the downstream of the niiA promoter, which induces the over-expression of an inserted DNA fragment, we have attempted to screen the genes affecting growth or development by over-expression. The wild-type strain was transformed using the AMA-niiA(p) library and cultured on 1.2 M sorbitol media, in which asexual sporulation is induced, but sexual development is repressed. Over 100,000 strains transformed to $pyrG^+$ were analyzed with regard to any changes in phenotype. Consequently, seven strains were isolated for further analyses. These strains were designated NOT [niiA(p) over-expression transformants] stains. Four of the strains were of the inducible type, and the remaining strains were of the multi-copy suppression type. Two of the inducible-type strains, NOT 1 and NOT40, harbored genes which had been inserted in reverse direction, suggesting that the mutant phenotypes had been derived from an excess amount of anti-sense mRNA. Domain analyses of the deduced polypeptides from the DNA fragments rescued from the transformants revealed that NOT1, NOT40 and NOT6 harbored a LisH motif, a forkhead domain, and a $Zn(II)_2Cys_6$ binuclear zinc cluster, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is one of the most critical problems of modern medicine. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for such bacterial infections. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic potential of phage Kpn5 in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infection in a mouse model. An experimental model of contact burn wound infection was established in mice employing K. pneumoniae B5055 to assess the efficacy of phage Kpn5 in vivo. Survival and stability of phage Kpn5 were evaluated in mice and the maximum phage count in various organs was obtained at 6 h and persisted until 36 h. The Kpn5 phage was found to be effective in the treatment of Klebsiella-induced burn wound infection in mice when phage was administered immediately after bacterial challange. Even when treatment was delayed up to 18 h post infection, when all animals were moribund, approximately 26.66% of the mice could be rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to protect bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not due to a nonspecific immune effect. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were significantly lower in sera and lungs of phage-treated mice than phage untreated control mice. The results of the present study bring out the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternate preventive approach to treat K. pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infections. This approach not only helps in the clearance of bacteria from the host but also protects against the ensuing inflammatory damage due to the exaggerated response seen in any infectious process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2014

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation alters multiple molecular pathways in the skin, thereby inducing skin damage, including photoaging. In recent years, probiotics have gained interest due to their beneficial effects on skin health, such as inhibiting atopic dermatitis and improving skin immunity or inflammation. However, little is known about the effects of probiotics on UVB-induced photoaging. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice. The results showed that L. plantarum HY7714 treatment effectively rescued UVB-reduced procollagen expression through the inhibition of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Data from a western blot showed that L. plantarum HY7714 inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase, thereby suppressing the UVB-induced phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Oral administration of L. plantarum HY7714 clearly inhibited the number, depth, and area of wrinkles in hairless mouse skin. Histological data showed that L. plantarum HY7714 significantly inhibited UVB-induced epidermal thickness in mice. Western blot and zymography data also revealed that L. plantarum HY7714 effectively inhibited MMP-13 expression as well as MMP-2 and -9 activities in dermal tissue. Collectively, these results provide further insight regarding the skin biological actions of L. plantarum HY7714, a potential skin anti-photoaging agent.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2009

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Today, around 60% of all cases of sepsis are caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main initiator of the cascade of cellular reactions in Gram-negative infections. The core receptors for LPS are toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MD-2 and CD14. Attempts have been made to antagonize the toxic effect of endotoxin using monoclonal antibodies against CD14 and synthetic lipopolysaccharides but there is as yet no effective treatment for septic syndrome. Here, we describe an inhibitory effect of a phosphatidylethanolamine derivative, PE-DTPA (phosphatidylethanolamine diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) on LPS recognition. PE-DTPA bound strongly to CD14 ($K_d$, $9.52{\times}10^{-8}M$). It dose dependently inhibited LPS-mediated activation of human myeloid cells, mouse macrophage cells and human whole blood as measured by the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and nitric oxide, whereas other phospho-lipids including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine had little effect. PE-DTPA also inhibited transcription dependent on $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation when it was added together with LPS, and it rescued LPS-primed mice from septic death. These results suggest that PE-DTPA is a potent antagonist of LPS, and that it acts by competing for binding to CD14.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

It is known that Bacillus subtilis glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) mischarges E. coli $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ with glutamate in vitro. It has also been established that the expression of B. subtilis GluRS in Escherichia coli results in the death of the host cell. To ascertain whether E. coli growth inhibition caused by B. subtilis GluRS synthesis is a consequence of Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation, we constructed an in vivo test system, in which B. subtilis GluRS gene expression is controlled by IPTG. Such a system permits the investigation of factors affecting E. coli growth. Expression of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) also amelio-rated growth inhibition, presumably by competitively preventing $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ misacylation. However, when amounts of up to 10 mM L-glutamine, the cognate amino acid for acylation of $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, were added to the growth medium, cell growth was unaffected. Overexpression of the B. subtilis gatCAB gene encoding Glu-$tRNA^{Gln}$ amidotransferase (Glu-AdT) rescued cells from toxic effects caused by the formation of the mis-charging GluRS. This result indicates that B. subtilis Glu-AdT recognizes the mischarged E. coli Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, and converts it to the cognate Gln-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ species. B. subtilis GluRS-dependent Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation may cause growth inhibition in the transformed E. coli strain, possibly due to abnormal protein synthesis.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2018

무선 센서 네트워크에서 해양 수색 및 구조를 목적으로 노드의 소모 에너지를 최소화하기 위한 최적화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 해양 환경에서 수색 및 구조작업은 감시하는 측에서 주로 이루어지며, 구조되는 측에서는 수동적으로 기다려야 한다. 이에 반해 자가 구성 이 가능한 무선 센서 네트워크는 해양 수색 및 구조작업에서 능동적으로 구조 신호를 보낼 수 있는 시스템을 구축할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 많은 수의 노드가 배치된 네트워크에서 노드의 소모 에너지를 최소화하기 위하여 시뮬레이티드 어닐링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 네트워크에서 노드의 밀도가 높으면 일반적으로 알고리즘 계산양이 급격히 늘어난다. 따라서 제안된 알고리즘은 적정한 실행 시간 내에 최적의 결과를 찾기 위해 새로운 이웃해 생성 동작을 제안하고 알고리즘의 효율성을 높인다. 제안된 알고리즘은 노드의 소모 에너지와 알고리즘 실행시간 면에서 성능 평가를 하였으며, 성능 평가 결과에서 기존의 방식에 비해 성능이 우수하였다.