• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1737-1742
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• 2015

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been shown to be associated with cancer. This study explored whether mtDNA mutations enhance cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development in individuals. Materials and Methods: The whole mitochondrial genome sequences of 25 CCA patient tissues were determined and compared to those of white blood cells from the corresponding individuals and 12 healthy controls. The mitochondrial genome was amplified using primers from Mitoseq and compared with the Cambridge Reference Sequence. Results: A total of 161 mutations were identified in CCA tissues and the corresponding white blood cells, indicating germline origins. Sixty-five (40%) were new. Nine mutations, representing those most frequently observed in CCA were tested on the larger cohort of 60 CCA patients and 55 controls. Similar occurrence frequencies were observed in both groups. Conclusions: While the correspondence between the cancer and mitochondrial genome mutation was low, it is of interest to explore the functions of the missense mutations in a larger cohort, given the possibility of targeting mitochondria for cancer markers and therapy in the future.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

Freshwater red algae of the order Batrachospermales are poorly studied in India and Nepal, especially on a molecular basis. During a survey in northeast India and east Nepal, six populations of the genus Sheathia were found and analyzed using molecular and morphological evidence. Phylogenetic analyses based on the rbcL gene sequences grouped all populations in a large clade including our S. arcuata specimens and others from several regions. Sheathia arcuata represents a species complex with a high sequence divergence and several smaller clades. Samples from India and Nepal were grouped in three distinct clades with high support and representing new cryptic species: a clade formed by two samples from India, which was named Sheathia assamica sp. nov.; one sample from India and one from Nepal formed another clade, named Sheathia indonepalensis sp. nov.; two samples from Nepal grouped with sequences from Hawaii and Indonesia (only 'Chantransia' stages) and gametophytes from Taiwan, named Sheathia dispersa sp. nov. Morphological characters of the specimens from these three species overlap one another and with the general circumscription of S. arcuata, which lacks the heterocortication (presence of bulbous cells in the cortical filaments) present in other species of the genus Sheathia. Although the region sampled is relatively restricted, the genetic diversity among specimens of these three groups was high and not closely related in the phylogenetic relationship with the other clades of S. arcuata. These data corroborate information from other groups of organisms (e.g., land and aquatic plants) that indicates this region (Eastern Himalaya) as a hotspot of biodiversity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.321-325
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• 1996

Quantum chemical calculations are used to characterize the decomposition of nitrogenmonoxide over $Cu^{n+}$-Y zeolite. The method of theoretical calculations, such as CNDO/2, have been applied to cluster models representing cation sites in zeolite to obtain total energies, LUMO energies, and Wiberg bond orders. The calculated total energies and bond orders of cluster models showed the reaction mechanism of NO decomposition over $Cu^{n+}$ site in zeolite framework. The suggested cluster models of varying Si/Al ratios studied with exchange cations in the $Cu^+$ and in the $Cu^{2+}$ states. And the calculated LUMO energies can predict L acidifies of cluster models. The results from these experiments showed the possibility of the mechanism of NO decomposition, progressing adsorption of NO, conversion to $N_2$ and $O_2$, desorption of $N_2$ and $O_2$ in sequence. The L acidity of $Cu^{2+}$ ion in cation site is more strong than $Cu^+$.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.897-908
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• 2009

Inscriptions are integral parts of the current science textbooks, and become medium that makes sense of scientific concepts effectively. This study analyzed the inscriptions from five science textbooks at the secondary level in terms of its type, function, and structures. Analyzing types of inscriptions resulted that the ratio of frequently used photographs and illustrations were much higher than that of graphs and tables used. In case of function analysis, illustrative and complementary functions were dominant in terms of frequency and ratio, whereas explanatory, decorative and inquisitive functions were relatively rare. Inscriptions of single structure was much more than multiple structure. Multiple structure of pair and series were mainly used for representing contrast and sequence, respectively. The proportion of inscriptions in type, function and structure across the textbooks was significantly different. Based on the results, it was suggested that semiotic study about the function and the structure of inscriptions need to be carried out in earth science area to better understand the pedagogical implications of inscriptions in school science.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

As the use of the Internet has explosively increased, it is likely for the Internet to be exposed to various attacks. Modeling the Internet attacks is essential to simulate the attacks. However, the existing studies on attack modeling have mainly focused on classifying and categorizing the attacks and consequently they are not suitable to representing attack scenarios in the Internet security simulation. In this paper, we introduce the existing methods of attack modeling, and propose an adapted attack modeling to properly express the properties for the Internet security simulator. The adapted attack modeling suggests a solution to the problems of the existing attack tree modelings, such as difficulty of composing complex scenarios ambiguity of attack sequence, lack of system state information. And it can represent simultaneous, precise time-dependent attack, and attack period, which are nearly impossible to be represented in many other existing methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

The atmospheric concentrations of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM$_{10}$ were determined in Taegu metropolitan area. Sampling was undertaken every five days throughout one year period from 1993 to 1994 at four sites, representing a residential, a commercial, an industrial, and a sub-urban area, respectively. Benzo (e) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, and chrysene were found to be the most abundant com-pounds during the study period. The concentrations of benzo (a) pyrene, one of carcinogenic PAHs, ranged 2.0~4.8 ng/㎥ in winter and 0.5~1.5 ng/㎥ in summer season, indicating a marked seasonal variation. It was found that there were very similar patterns in the relative profiles of PM$_{10}$-bound PAH concentrations among the four sampling sites, while the absolute levels of each PAH were significantly different from each site. In addition, the patterns of summer to winter concentration ratios for each PAH were almost identical between the different sites. Despite difficulties due to the lack of good markers for specific sources in the target compounds, we were able to evaluate and describe the effects of vehicle emissions and space heatings, using relative profiles of PAHs, winter to summer (W/S) ratios, PAH-to-PAH ratios, and the result of principal component analysis. As a con-sequence, it was concluded that the vehicle emissions in urban and sub -urban areas are likely to be a major contributor for PAH loadings in the ambient atmosphere during the non-heating season, while the contributions of residential heating and local industrial oil burning emissions were highly significant in heating season.son.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2008

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated Gsoil $124^T$, was isolated from a soil sample taken from a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea). The isolate contained Q-10 as the predominant lipoquinone, plus $C_{18:1}\;{\omega}7c$ and summed feature 4 ($C_{16:1}\;{\omega}6c$ and/or iso-$C_{15:0}$ 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.1 mol%, and the major polar lipids consisted of sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil $124^T$ was most closely related to Sphingopyxis chilensis (98.7%), Sphingopyxis alaskensis (98.2%), Sphingopyxis witflariensis (98.2%), Sphingopyxis taejonensis (98.0%), and Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida (97.6%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Gsoil $124^T$ and its phylogenetically closest neighbors was less than 22%. Thus, on the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil $124^T$ should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the name Sphingopyxis panaciterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil $124^T$ (=KCTC $12580^T$=LMG $24003^T$).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

A Gram negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming, straight or curved rod-shaped bacterium, designated Gsoil $317^T$, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea) and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were dimorphic, with stalk (or prostheca) and nonmotile or nonstalked and motile, by means of a single polar flagellum. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil $317^T$ was most closely related to Caulobacter mirabilis LMG $24261^T$ (97.2%), Caulobacter fusiformis ATCC $15257^T$ (97.1 %), Caulobacter segnis LMG $17158^T$ (97.0%), Caulobacter vibrioides DSM $9893^T$ (96.8%), and Caulobacter henricii ATCC $15253^T$ (96.7%). The sequence similarities to any other recognized species within Alphaproteobacteria were less than 96.0%. The detection of Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone and a fatty acid profile with summed feature 7 ($C_{18:1}\;{\omega}7c$ and/or $C_{18:1}\;{\omega}9t$ and/or $C_{18:1}\;{\omega}12t;$ 56.6%) and $C_{16:0}$ (15.9%) as the major fatty acids supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil $317^T$ to the genus Caulobacter. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain Gsoil $317^T$ and its closest phylogenetic neighbors were below 11%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil $317^T$ should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Caulobacter, for which the name Caulobacter ginsengisoli sp. novo is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil $317^T$ (=KCTC $12788^T=DSM\;18695^T$).

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.617-624
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• 2017

Speech recognition is now one of the most widely used technologies in HCI. Many applications where speech recognition may be used (such as home automation, automatic speech translation, and car navigation) are now under active development. In addition, the demand for speech recognition systems in mobile environments is rapidly increasing. This paper is intended to present a method for instant recognition of the Korean vowel 'ㅡ', as a part of a Korean speech recognition system. The proposed method uses bulk indicators (which are calculated in the time domain) instead of the frequency domain and consequently, the computational cost for the recognition can be reduced. The bulk indicators representing predominant sequence patterns of the vowel 'ㅡ' are learned by neural networks and final recognition decisions are made by those trained neural networks. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method can achieve 88.7% recognition accuracy, and recognition speed of 0.74 msec per syllable.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the 7th national science curriculum (chemistry domain) regarding the meanings of ‘mulgil' (Korean), the particulate nature of matter, and the state of matter. It was found that the term of ‘mulgil' was being used vaguely as representing material, matter, or substance without clear definition. This was problematic by reason that it could hinder students from having the concept of substance. Regarding the particulate nature of matter, molecule was introduced as a basic unit of matter at grade 7, prior to atom and ion, which were introduced at grade 9 and 10, respectively. It is necessary to reconsider the sequence of each particle concept to provide students with more consistent and comprehensive understanding of structure of matter. In the case of change of state, key concepts such as conservation of matter or reversibility were omitted in the curriculum document, and explanations based on various aspects of particles were somewhat insufficient. The concept of matter is fundamental to chemistry, and we must recognize it as a concept that needs to be taught clearly. Implications for curriculum revision were discussed.