• Title/Summary/Keyword: representative sample

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Comparison of Two Methods for Heparin Sensitivity; Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Assay using in vitro Heparin-spiked Sample and Anti-Xa Assay using in vivo Heparin-treated Sample

  • Koo, Bon-Kyung;Kwon, Eui-Hoon;Ryu, Kwang-Hyun;Yun, Jae-Won;Kim, Hee-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 2011
  • The monitoring of heparin therapy is using almost aPTT assay. This study is compare to estimating aPTT therapeutic range using in vitro heparin-spiked sample and aPTT therapeutic range using in vivo heparin-treated sample. Normal pooled plasma was collected from 20 healthy representative individuals. 11 concentration of heparinized plasmas from 0 U/mL to 1.0 U/mL at intervals of 0.1 U/mL made by addition of heparin to normal pooled plasma were measured aPTT. The aPTT therapeutic range was performed through correlation analysis between heparin level 0.2 to 0.4 U/mL and aPTT. 30 plasmas from patients on heparin therapy were measured aPTT and anti-Xa activity. The aPTT therapeutic range was performed through correlation analysis between anti-Xa activity 0.3 to 0.7 U/mL and aPTT. The aPTT therapeutic range corresponded by heparin level-vs-aPTT value regression analysis was 60.7 to 102.4 seconds. The aPTT therapeutic range corresponded by anti-Xa activity-vs-aPTT value regression analysis was 85.3 to 147.5 seconds. The validation of heparin sensitivity using in-vitro heparin sample was not considered. The establishing aPTT therapeutic range is recommended anti-Xa activity using in-vivo sample.

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Sample Distortion in Social Surveys and Effects of Weighting Adjustment: A Study of 18 Cases (사회조사에서 표본의 왜곡과 가중치 보정의 결과: 18개 사례연구)

  • Huh, Myung-Hoe;Yoon, Young-A;Lee, Yong-Goo
    • Survey Research
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 2004
  • We collected and analyzed 18 social surveys to assess the quality of samples with respect to region, gender, age-band, education level and occupation. We found in our samples that highly educated people and house wives are over-represented whereas low educated people, self-employed/blue collars and white collars are under-represented. To correct such sample distortions, we applied the iterative proportional weighting or the raking to our samples. We observed sizable changes in survey results. Also, the effective sample sizes were shrunken up to 20%-40%, that could be interpreted as the necessity of larger samples to meet the claimed sampling error limits.

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Effects of Chegameyiin-tang extract on the change of the weight, tissue in epididymal fat, blood, leptin and uncoupled protein in visceral fat of obesity rats induced by high fat diet (체감의이인탕(體減薏苡仁湯)이 비만유도 흰쥐의 체중, 지방조직, 혈액변화, leptin과 Uncoupled protein에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kil-Su;Song, Jae-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.85-100
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    • 2001
  • In Oriental medicine, there has been a theory that the deficiency of the Qi(氣) and the Phlegm(濕)-Damp(痰) bring Obesity. And so a clinically representative herb-medicine of the obesity treatments is Chegameyiin-tang . We observed the effects of Chegameyiin-tang on the fat tissues and what the function of Chegameyiin-tang is. These experimental studies were designed to investigate the effects of Chegameyiin-tang on the weight and lipid metabolism of obesity rats induced by high fat diet. And what is changed in the blood and how the leptin and uncoupled protein is affected. The measurement has been performed on (1) the weight of obese rats fed high fat diet, (2) the average size and number of epididymal fat cells, (3) the total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose. and free fatty acids in the blood. and (4) the leptin and uncoupled protein in the blood are observed. The results are as follows; 1. In the sample group, the weight decrease occured significantly throughout the whole research period than that of control group. 2. In the sample group, epididymal fat weight showed significantly decrease in the 8th and 14th weeks than that of control group.3. In the sample group, epididymal fat cell size was decreased significantly in the 8th and 14th weeks than that of control group. 4. In the sample group, total cholesterol. triglyceride and glucose increased rather than control group in 8 weeks, those decreased significantly in 14 weeks. 5. In the sample group, free fatty acids and insulin increased rather than control group in 8 weeks. those showed some decrease in 14 weeks . 6. In the sample group, leptin decreased significantly than control group in 8, 14 weeks. Uncoupled protein showed some decrease in 8 weeks. that decreased significantly in 14 weeks.

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Development of a Sampling Strategy and Sample Size Calculation to Estimate the Distribution of Mammographic Breast Density in Korean Women

  • Jun, Jae Kwan;Kim, Mi Jin;Choi, Kui Son;Suh, Mina;Jung, Kyu-Won
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.9
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    • pp.4661-4664
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    • 2012
  • Mammographic breast density is a known risk factor for breast cancer. To conduct a survey to estimate the distribution of mammographic breast density in Korean women, appropriate sampling strategies for representative and efficient sampling design were evaluated through simulation. Using the target population from the National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) for breast cancer in 2009, we verified the distribution estimate by repeating the simulation 1,000 times using stratified random sampling to investigate the distribution of breast density of 1,340,362 women. According to the simulation results, using a sampling design stratifying the nation into three groups (metropolitan, urban, and rural), with a total sample size of 4,000, we estimated the distribution of breast density in Korean women at a level of 0.01% tolerance. Based on the results of our study, a nationwide survey for estimating the distribution of mammographic breast density among Korean women can be conducted efficiently.

A Study on the Construction of Fisheries Producer Price Index (수산물 생산자물가지수 산정방식에 관한 고찰;-연근해 어획물을 중심으로-)

  • 이광진
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 1996
  • As an important factor of capitalism economics, price of commodities represents a certain country's economic index. For having correct price policy, there should be an appropriate mechanism to make and use systematic statistical data on price. Price statistics are made by indexes and price indexes are categorized into producer price index(PPI) and consumer price index(CPI). The Bank of Korea is publishing producer price index every year, but the producer price index contains some problems. These include as follows : (a) the impractical selection of fisheries products sample (b) uncorrect measure of aquatic products weights (c) investigating sample places. This study try to substitute producer price index of aquatic products and change construction of fisheries producer price index with experimental research on representative fisheries, weight of each fisheries, and suitability of investigating sample places. It is possible to improve practical fisheries producer price index with the results of this research. The findings are as follow. (a) It will be helpful for the government to make the fisheries price policy. (b) It can be used to understand trends of accurate price and price increase of aquatic products, and it's possible to compare with it other industrial indexes including the mining, agricultural, and manufacturing industry and understand relative price movement. (c) When free sales systems of fisheries products as expected, it will be helpful to analyze price movement of producing fisheries cooperatives, producing fisheries market and consuming fisheries market, analysis of market, and formation and consideration of budget. (d) It can be an important index to determine labor wage.

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Validity and Reliability of the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence in a Sample of Arabic Speaking UK-Resident Yemeni Khat Chewers

  • Kassim, Saba;Salam, Mohamed;Croucher, Ray
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.1285-1288
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    • 2012
  • Background: The Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) (formally FTND) is widely used for measuring physical dependence on nicotine. Objective: To explore the cross cultural validity and reliability of FTCD amongst Arabic speaker cigarette consumers who chew khat leaf, a stimulant green leaf. Methods: The psychometric properties of the FTCD were assessed in a subsample (91regular cigarette smokers) of purposively selected 204 UK-resident Yemeni khat chewers recruited during random visits to khat sale outlets. Data were collected via a structured face-to-face interview. Data analyses included descriptive tests and factor analysis. Results: Two factors were obtained by a principle axis factor analysis and these were termed as urgency of restoring the level of nicotine after abstinence during sleeping and maintaining the level of nicotine during waking. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the whole FTCD is low (.68) as well as for the two subscales (.60) and (.62) respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FTCD scale in this sample of Yemeni khat chewers who smoked regularly confirmed what has been established in other cultural settings. The findings of this study have yet to be cross validated amongst other appropriately representative sample of Arabic speakers.

A Comparative Study of Permissive Attitudes Toward Suicide : An Analysis of Cross-National Survey in South Korea, Japan, and the United States

  • Park, C. Hyung Keun;Kim, Bora;Lee, Sang Sin;Ha, Kyooseob;Baek, Chang-Jae;Shin, Min-Sup;Ahn, Yong-Min
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 2016
  • Objectives There were previous studies which indicated that attitude toward suicide is able to influence the suicide outcome in both individual and group levels. In regard to the highest suicide rate in Korea, our study aims to explore the influence that attitude toward suicide has on suicide by comparing the national attitude towards suicide with a representative sample of the general population. Methods The target population was 20- to 59-year-old adults from South Korea, Japan, and the United States. The panel data were divided according to gender, age, and residential area of individuals, and an email with a hyperlink to our web survey was sent to the randomly selected participants in each stratum. To measure the perceptual differences about suicide in different cultures, this study adopted the Attitudes Toward Suicide questionnaire. Results A total of 2247 subjects in three countries participated in this study. According to results from factor analysis, there were different structure of factors and included items within factors in the three countries : five factors with nineteen items in South Korea, five factors with nineteen items in the United States, and five factors with twenty-five items in Japan. With regard to permissive attitude toward suicide, the mean value of permissiveness was not significantly different among countries, but permissiveness according to education level, gender, and marital status was different in each country. Conclusions This study is the first nationwide comparative study about attitude toward suicide with a representative sample. Our findings suggest that permissive attitude toward suicide influence the suicide phenomenon in each country ; however, its impact is not a mean score of permissiveness, but the detailed difference by various demographics.

Development of Dress Forms for the Aged Women Based on Their Body Shapes Applying 3D Body Scan Data (3차원 인체 형상을 이용한 실버 여성 패션 산업용 인대 모형 개발)

  • Kim, Soo-A;Choi, Hei-Sun
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.80-92
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    • 2010
  • This research aims at developing the dress form for the aged women based on their body shapes using the three-dimensional body scan data with the body shape categorization(according to the previous research). To accomplish this goal, the sample group of representative body shape of the 50% of median was selected by using the high frequency proportion range of each type of body shape of the aged women, and the sample group of representative body shape of each type was averaged in a three-dimensional way by using the morphing method of a three-dimension reverse-engineered software. RP in the form of torso was produced based on the shape data of the final model and the data was formed into an actual object, by which an aged women's dress form model was drawn out. The differences of the girth of the bust, hip and waist between the developed dress form model and the existing dress form model were examined. The result showed that the developed dress form had a bigger size of waist girth than that of bust and hip girth, compared to the existing dress form, which shows that it reflects the aged women's tendency of abdomen obesity, so it's expected to be more proper for the human bodies of the targeted age group than the existing dress form. These research results may help design the clothing suitable for the body shape of the aged women so that their demand for the clothing of good fit will be satisfied in the future.

Analytical Method for Triazine Herbicide Cyanazine Residues in Major Medicinal Crops (주요 약용작물에 대한 Cyanazine 제초제의 잔류 분석법)

  • Hwang, Young Sun;Lim, Jung Dae;Choung, Myoung Gun
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2016
  • Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

Measuring the Third-Person Effects of Public Opinion Polls: Focusing On Online Polls (여론조사보도에 대한 제3자효과 검증: 온라인 여론조사를 주목하며)

  • Kim, Sung-Tae;Willnat, Las;Weaver, David
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.32
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    • pp.49-73
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    • 2006
  • During the past decades, public opinion polls have become an ubiquitous tool for probing the complexity of people's beliefs and attitudes on a wide variety of issues. Especially since the late 1970s, the use of polls by news organizations has increased dramatically. Along with the proliferation of traditional polls, in the past few years pollsters and news organizations have come to recognize the advantages of online polls. Increasingly there has been more effort to take the pulse of the public through the Internet. With the Internet's rapid growth during the past years, advocates of online polling often emphasize the relative advantages over traditional polls. Researchers from Harris Black International Ltd., for example, argue that "Internet polling is less expensive and faster and offers higher response rates than telephone surveys." Moreover, since many of the newer online polls draw respondents from large databases of registered Internet users, results of online polls have become more balanced. A series of Harris Black online polls conducted during the 1998 gubernatorial and senatorial elections, for example, has accurately projected the winners in 21 of the 22 races it tracked. Many researchers, however, severely criticize online polls for not being representative of the larger population. Despite the often enormous number of participants, Internet users who participate in online polls tend to be younger, better educated and more affluent than the general population. As Traugott pointed out, the people polled in Internet surveys are a "self selected" group, and thus "have volunteered to be part of the test sample, which could mean they are more comfortable with technology, more informed about news and events ... than Americans who aren't online." The fact that users of online polls are self selected and demographically very different from Americans who have no access to the Internet is likely to influence the estimates of what the majority of people think about social or political issues. One of the goals of this study is therefore to analyze whether people perceive traditional and online public opinion polls differently. While most people might not differentiate sufficiently between traditional random sample polls and non representative online polls, some audiences might perceive online polls as more useful and representative. Since most online polls allow some form of direct participation, mostly in the form of an instant vote by mouse click, and often present their findings based on huge numbers of respondents, consumers of these polls might perceive them as more accurate, representative or reliable than traditional random sample polls. If that is true, perceptions of public opinion in society could be significantly distorted for those who rely on or participate in online polls. In addition to investigating how people perceive random sample and online polls, this study focuses on the perceived impact of public opinion polls. Similar to these past studies, which focused on how public opinion polls can influence the perception of mass opinion, this study will analyze how people perceive the effects of polls on themselves and other people. This interest springs from prior studies of the "third person effect," which have found that people often tend to perceive that persuasive communications exert a stronger influence on others than on themselves. While most studies concerned with the political effects of public opinion polls show that exit polls and early reporting of election returns have only weak or no effects on the outcome of election campaigns, some empirical findings suggest that exposure to polls can move people's opinions both toward and away from perceived majority opinion. Thus, if people indeed believe that polls influence others more than themselves, perceptions of majority opinion could be significantly altered because people might anticipate that others will react more strongly to poll results.

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