• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.463-469
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• 1996

Sonoring is caused by the repeated obstructions of versatile upper air way structure during sleep and is known as a kind of disease entity varing from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) which can cause serious cardiopulmonary complications due to its hypoxic pathophysiology. It has been reported that over 30% of middle-aged person have the problems of snoring and its accompanied symptomes and signs. Cephalometric measurements, frequently used to measure sella-nasion-subspinale(SNA) and sella-nasion-supramentale(SNB) angles, can provide the informations about the posterior airway space(PAS), the mandibular plane(MP) and the position of hyoid bone. These informations are useful in determining the therapeutic modalities of the snoring and OSAS patients. However, with conventional routine upright position, it does not represent the actual images of obstructive mechanism during sleep but only show the images of awaken normal upper airway anatomy. Therefore we have taken dual images of a routine upright lateral and a supine cephalometric view to compare both.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

This paper describes experiments aimed at characterizing the behavior of field electron emitters fabricated by coating carbon fibers with epoxylite resin. Polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers of type VPR-19, thermally treated at $2,800^{\circ}C$, were used. Each was initially prepared in a "uncoated" state, by standard electro polishing and cleaning techniques, and was then examined in a scanning electron microscope. The fiber was then baked overnight in a field electron microscope (FEM) vacuum chamber. Current-voltage characteristics and FEM images were recorded on the following day or later. The fiber was then removed from the FEM, coated with resin, "cured" by baking, and replaced in the FEM. After another overnight bake, the FEM characterization measurements were repeated. The coated fibers had significantly better performance than uncoated fibers. This confirms the results of earlier experiments, and is thought to be due in part to the formation of a conducting channel in the resin over layer. For the coated fiber, lower voltages were needed to obtain the same emission current. The coated fibers have current-voltage characteristics that show smoother trends, with greater stability and repeatability. No switch-on phenomena were observed. In addition, the emission images on the phosphor-coated FEM screen were more concentrated, and hence brighter.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the pathway of COP and plantar foot pressure and to determine the correlation between plantar regions during the ascending and descending of a ramp. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults who had no musculoskeletal problems participated in our study. They were asked to walk on a level surface and on an ascending and descending ramp in their bare feet. Pathway of COP and plantar foot pressures were recorded using the Matscan system (Tekscan, Boston, USA). For pressure measurements, the plantar foot surface was divided into seven regions: two toe regions, three forefoot regions, a midfoot region, and a heel region. To determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between pathway of COP and plantar foot pressures during walking, we used repeated measuremes ANOVA. Results: In comparison to results for a level walking, pathway of COP while ascending a ramp had a tendency to be shifted medially in the forefoot and became longer till the big toe. Pathway of COP while descending a ramp also was shifted medially, but ended in the forefoot. Plantar foot pressure of the second and third metatarsal head and the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads was significantly decreased while descending the ramp. Conclusion: These results indicated that plantar foot pressure is changed while ascending and descending a ramp and demonstrated that ramp walking can affect the structure and function of the foot. Therefore, gait environment is associated with significant changes in foot characteristics, which contribute to altered plantar loading patterns during gait.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 1970

Repeated measurements of cardiac output in the same 11 normal individuals were done with $^{131}I-Hippuran$ and RIHSA. Following results were obtained; 1) The cardiac output measured with RIHSA was $6750{\pm}866ml/min$. 2) The cardiac output measured with $^{131}I-Hippuran$ was $5940{\pm}764ml/min$. 3) The relative value of cardiac output measured with $^{131}I-Hippuran$ to that measured with RIHSA was 88 percent, and a statistical significance was found present in this difference.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2000

The response characteristics of the bioelectrode developed by the co-immobilization of spinach root tissue and ferrocene in a carbon paste matrix for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. In the range of electrode potential examined (-0.3~0.0V vs. Ag/AgCl). the response time was relatively short ($t_{95%}=11.8$ sec) and it responded in the wide range of pH. Also, its detection limit was $2.25{\times}10^{-6}M$ (S/N=3) and a relative standard deviation of the measurements which were repeated 15 times using $1.0{\times}10^{-3}M$ hydrogen peroxide was 1.87%. The bioelectrode sensitivity decreased to 40% of the original value in 19 days of continuous use.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.263-280
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• 2015

Microwave remote sensing is probably the most recent experimental technique suitable to the non-contact measurement of deflections on large structures, in static or dynamic conditions. In the first part of the paper, the main techniques adopted in microwave remote sensing are described, so that advantages and potential issues of these techniques are presented and discussed. Subsequently, the paper addresses the application of the radar technology to the measurement of the vibration response on the stay cables of two cable-stayed bridges. The dynamic tests were performed in operational conditions (i.e. with the excitation being mainly provided by micro-tremors, wind and traffic) and the maximum deflections of the cables were generally lower than 5.0 mm. The investigation clearly highlights: (a) the safe and simple use of the radar on site and its effectiveness to simultaneously measure the dynamic response of all the stay cables of an array; (b) the negligible effects of the typical issues and uncertainties that might affect the radar measurements; (c) the accuracy of the results provided by the microwave remote sensing in terms of natural frequencies and tension forces of the stay cables; (d) the suitability of microwave interferometry to the repeated application within Structural Health Monitoring programmes.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

PURPOSES: The scaling of a concrete surface caused by the combined effects of frost and de-icing salts is one of the main reasons for the need to repair transportation infrastructures in cold-climate regions. This study describes the results of attempts to determine the scaling resistance of concrete incorporating mineral admixtures such as fly ash, GGBFS, and silica fume, and subjected to the actions of frost and salt. METHODS : Conventionally, to evaluate the fundamental properties of concrete, flexural and compressive strength measurements are regularly performed. Based on the ASTM C 672 standard, concrete is subjected to 2%, 4%, and 8% $CaCl_2$ salt solutions along with repeated sets of 50 freeze/thaw cycles, and the scaling resistance was evaluated based on the mass of the scale and a visual examination. RESULTS : It was observed that silica fume is very effective in enhancing the scaling resistance of concrete. Meanwhile, concrete incorporating GGBFS exhibited poor resistance to scaling, especially in the first ten freeze/thaw cycles. However, fly ash concrete generally exhibited the maximum amount of damage as a result of the frost-salt attack, regardless of the concentrations of the solutions. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the scaling resistance of concrete is highly dependent on the type of the mineral admixture used in the concrete. Therefore, to provide a durable concrete pavement for use in cold-climate regions, the selection of a suitable binder is essential.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.878-883
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• 2015

The purpose of this study compared the ability of feedback breathing training (FBT) and balloon blowing training to enhance the breathing of elderly people. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a feedback breathing training group (FBTG) and a balloon blowing training group (BBTG). Each group trained 3 times a week for 4 weeks, with the training suspended during the last 2 weeks. Pulmonary function measurements were obtained before the test and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the test: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and vital capacity (VC). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted for the significance test. The FBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. The BBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. In conclusion, An at home breathing rehabilitation program, in addition to balloon blowing, could increase the breathing performance of elderly people.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.274-280
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• 2011

This study was designed to analyze repetitive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises in ankles have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius. 25 healthy woman volunteers(ankle dorsiflexion exercise group: 13, ankle plantarflexion exercise group: 12) participated in the two ankle exercise models, which have performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Myotonometer was used to measure the muscle tones of the triceps, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius muscles, and measurements were performed before and after the application of the each exercise model. Repeated measured paired t-test and independent t-test was used to determine a statistical significance. The group of repetitive dorsiflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius (p>.05). The group of repetitive plantarflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius(p>.05). The groups of repetitive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius(p>.05).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values have been supposed to predict implant stability. However, the relationship between ISQ values and bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC%) which is one of the predictors of implant stability is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate initial ISQ values in relation to BIC% using rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four New Zealand white rabbits received a total of 16 implants in their tibia. Immediately after implant placement ISQ values were assessed. The measurements were repeated at the time of sacrifice of the rabbits after 4 weeks. Peri-implant bone regeneration was assessed histomorphometrically by measuring BIC% and bone volume to total volume values (bone volume %). The relationships between ISQ values and the histomorphometric output were assessed, and then, the osseointegration prediction model via the initial ISQ values was processed. RESULTS. Initial ISQ values showed significant correlation with the BIC%. The bone volume % did not show any significant association with the ISQ values. CONCLUSION. In the limitation of this study, resonance frequency analysis is a useful clinical method to predict the BIC% values and examine the implant stability.