• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2018

Background: Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service (LFRS), the subject of this evaluative research document employs 1400 people. 80% of employees are operational firefighters and officers whom operate across a range of duty systems and support functions, providing prevention, protection and emergency response to the communities of Lancashire. Methods: The overarching purpose of this epidemiological study is to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst operational LFRS personnel and to analyse the effects upon those who may be suffering from it, whether brought about by a single traumatic event or by repeated exposure to traumatic occurrences over a period of time. A combination of primary and secondary research was carried out. Primary data was collated using two recognised clinical questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted with the aid of the software package SPSS. Results: The findings and statistical analysis showed that out of the 100 people surveyed, 30% of respondents had signs of probable distress. Of this quota, 4% showed symptoms of PTSD. The study considers how an organisation can recognise and manage PTSD and provides recommendations to assist in better recognising and managing the associated risks. Conclusion: Based upon the findings, the authors conclude that the level of PTSD within LFRS is slightly lower than those found in other studies undertaken within the Fire and Rescue Service sector. The paper provides recommendations for future studies and a series of actions for consideration by LFRS senior management to improve PTSD support services for employees.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.537-541
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• 1985

Recently, we met a 12 year old female patient who suffered from bacterial endocarditis and pericarditis which were complicated by patent ductus arteriosus. She was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea, fever, headache, and generalized ache for 10 days. The initial diagnosis was bacterial endocarditis and pericarditis complicated by patent ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure. At first, we tried to treat the patient medically with digitalis, diuretics, and massive antibiotics. On echocardiography large amount of pericardial fluid was accumulated mainly right anterior aspect and also noted a large vegetation at pulmonary valve area. With vigorous medical treatment including repeated pericardiocentesis, the patient showed no improvement. So we decided to perform pericardiectomy for elimination of the most probable septic focus. On operation, we encountered an unpredicted event, the pericardium was thickened, distended, and its surface showed pulsating which meant connecting to systemic circulation. We decided to close the operative wound and reoperate her under cardiopulmonary bypass later. On the next day, we operated her under cardiopulmonary bypass later. On the next day we operated her under cardiopulmonary bypass. The operative findings were ruptured main pulmonary artery about 1.5cm in diameter on its ventral portion, the blood from the ruptured main pulmonary artery was filled up the localized pericardial sac due to previous pericarditis. Through the ruptured main pulmonary artery, we also found 0.5cm diametered patent ductus arteriosus. With the aid of partial cardiopulmonary bypass and inserting 24F ballooned Foley catheter at aorta, pericardiectomy was performed first. After completion of the pericardiectomy, total cardiopulmonary bypass was established. With minimum pump flow [0.3L/min/m2] the PDA was closed with two Teflon-felted 4-0 Prolene interrupted sutures. The ruptured main pulmonary artery was also closed using thickened pericardium with three Teflon-felted 4-0 Prolene interrupted sutures. The operation was successful and postoperative course was uneventful. She was discharged on the 16th POD. We report this case as a very rare secondary complication of bacterial endocarditis complicated by patent ductus arteriosus.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.193-239
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• 2013

A photograph, which was applied to contemporary art, plays a very important role in the whole of the multiplied and diversified contemporary arts today. The application of photos, which were shown in contemporary art following the 1950s, can be classified into five types according to role and function of a photo in the process of developing a work. However, this classification is shown a little ambiguously. That is because photos of being utilized by artists are indicated very diversely depending on their artistic strategy and situation. As the first type, a few painters utilize a photo as mirror of reality in order to materialize a challenging and revolutionary idea with going against traditional picture in their pictorial practice. As the second classification, especially American painters utilize a photo as material component of forming their picture like photo-montage or collage. The combined application of this medium is first doing genre de-construction and hybridization of post-modernism in the 1980s while ultimately aiming at social criticism or political satire. The third type implies particularly a case that avant-garde artists utilize a photo as evidence of a work. In this case, a photo is employed as evidence of a work, which disappears in the temporal space essentially like body art, land art, and performance. Also, as the fourth type is a case of utilizing a photo for artistic concept of a work, not pictorial practice of picture, it is utilized often as important artistic strategy of conceptual artists. The final type of utilizing photo is a case of applying photo as formative tool on behalf of dye-stuffs or crayon in order to record a section of reality, which always continues regardless of event or meaning any more, in the traditional picture. In this case, a work is indicated as a photo of having a form of picture, namely, as Forme-tableau. The main subject is indicated there as a daily case of being repeated always the extremely common and revived theme.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.249-273
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• 2012

본 연구는 응급구조원, 사상 사고를 경험한 지하철승무원, 아동보호전문기관 사회복지사를 대상으로 직종, 심리적 고통, 대리 외상, 일반적 특성에 따른 외상 후 성장을 비교 분석한 연구이다. 분석 결과 첫째, 대리 외상은 세 집단 모두 위험 수준으로 높게 나타났고 특히 지하철승무원의 대리 외상이 높았으며, 외상 후 성장은 사회복지사가 가장 높고 지하철승무원이 가장 낮았다. 둘째, 대리 외상과 외상 후 성장은 상관관계가 유의한 것으로 나타났으며 특히 침습과 회피의 하위항목이 외상 후 성장과 상관관계가 높았다. 셋째, 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인은 직종, 침습, 회피, 종교, 성별의 순서로 크게 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이 결과를 바탕으로 대리 외상 위험 직종에 대한 정신건강서비스 제공과 외상 후 성장의 치료적 적용을 제언하였다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2018

Although continuous passenger injuries and physical damages are repeated due to the unexpected aviation turbulence encountered during operations, there is still exist the limitation for preventing recurrence of similar events because the lack of real-time information and delay in technological developments regarding various operating conditions and variable weather phenomena. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the meteorological data of the aviation turbulence occurred and actual flight data extracted from the Quick Access Recorder(QAR) to provide some precursors that the pilot can identify aviation turbulence early by referring thru the flight instrumentation indications. The case applied for this study was recent event, a scheduled flight from Incheon Airport, Korea to Narita Airport, Japan that suddenly encountered turbulence at an altitude of approximately 14,000 feet during approach. According to the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA)'s Regional Data Assessment and Prediction System(RDAPS) data, it was observed that the strong amount of vorticity in the rear area of jet stream, which existed near Mount Fuji at that time. The QAR data analysis shows significant changes in the aircraft's parameters such as Pitch and Roll angle, Static Air Temperature(SAT), and wind speed and direction in tens of seconds to minutes before encounter the turbulence. If the accumulate reliability of the data in addition and verification of various parameters with continuous analysis of additional cases, it can be the precursors for the pilot's effective and pre-emptive action and conservative prevention measures against aviation turbulence to reduce subsequent passenger injuries in the aviation operations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2022

영화 <성공의 달콤한 향기>의 서사는 중층적 구조를 지니고 있다. 클리포드 오데츠의 시나리오 작업에는 중심 플롯과 서브플롯을 위한 수많은 대사가 생성-분해-삭제-수정을 반복하며 이야기의 밀도를 드높였다. 그 결과, 배우가 대사를 하거나 멈출 때마다 대사를 촉발할 행동이나 사건이 발생하며 배역의 연기에 깊이와 설득력을 부여했다. <성공의 달콤한 향기>의 음악은 중층적 요소를 지니고 있다. 비(非)디제시스의 영역은 엘머 번스타인의 빅 밴드 오케스트라에 의한 관현악곡과 프레드 캣츠의 캄보 밴드에 의한 재즈곡이, 디제시스의 영역은 치코 해밀턴의 오중주단에 의한 재즈곡이 주로 담당하였다. 영화 음악의 실질적 과제는 서사적 동인의 효과를 강화하거나 보충하는 것이었고, 추가적 과제는 소격 효과와 정체 미학을 구현하는 것이었다. 이 영화의 서브플롯과 더블 사운드가 펼쳐 보이는 상호텍스트성의 가능성과 의의는 단순히 느와르 장르의 한계에 닫혀 있지 않다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

Circuit breakers are a crucial factor in ensuring the safety of a Direct Current (DC) grid. One type of DC circuit breaker, the Z-source DC circuit breaker (ZCB), uses a thyristor, which is a type of semiconductor switch. In the event of a fault in the circuit, the ZCB isolates the fault by generating a zero crossing current in the thyristor. The thyristor quickly and actively isolates the fault while generating a zero crossing current, but thyristor switch cannot control turn-off and the allowable current is lower than the current of the mechanical switch. Therefore, it is best to use a mechanical switch with a high allowable current capacity that is capable of on/off control. Due to the slow reaction time of mechanical switches, they may not isolate the fault during the zero crossing current time interval created by the existing circuit. In this case, the zero crossing current time can be increased by using the property that hinders the rapid change in the current of the inductor. This paper will explore whether adding system inductance to increase the zero crossing current time interval is a solution to this problem. The simulation of changing inductor and capacitor (LC) of the circuit is repeated to find an optimal change in the zero crossing current time according to the LC change and provides an inductor and capacitor range optimized for a specific load. The inductor and capacitor range are expected to provide optimization information in the form LC values for future applications of ZCB's using a mechanical switch.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Objectives : It has been shown that early intervention is crucial for favorable outcome in patients with schizophrenia. However, development of biomarkers for predicting prognosis of psychotic disorder still requires more research. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether baseline mismatch negativity (MMN) predict prognosis in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Methods : Twenty-four patients with FEP and matched healthy controls (HCs) were examined with MMN at baseline, and their clinical status were re-assessed after 1 year. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare baseline MMN between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors predicting prognosis in FEP patients during the follow-up period. Results : MMN amplitudes at baseline were significantly reduced in patients with FEP compared to healthy controls. In the multiple regression analysis, baseline MMN amplitude significantly predicted later improvement of performances on digit span and delayed recall of California Verbal Learning Test. However, baseline MMN did not predicted improvement of clinical symptoms. Conclusion : These results indicate that MMN may be a possible predictor of improvement in cognitive functioning in patients with FEP. Future study with larger sample and longer follow-up period would be needed to confirm the findings of the current study.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2023

Background: Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic substance that humans can be exposed to occupationally, and cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning of workers in industrial sites are commonly reported. However, there have been no cases of poisoning of the public due to an unauthorized discharge of wastewater, so it is important to describe this incident. Case presentation: In a small village in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea, accounts of a terrible stench had been reported. A 26-year-old man who lived and worked in a foul-smelling area was taken to the emergency room with a headache, dizziness, nausea, and repeated syncope. A subsequent police and Ministry of Environment investigation determined that the cause of the stench was the unauthorized discharge of 9 tons of wastewater containing hydrogen sulfide through a stormwater pipe while the villagers were sleeping. The patient had no previous medical history or experience of symptoms. Leukocytes and cardiac markers were elevated, an electrocardiogram indicated biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and corrected QT interval prolongation. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected on a chest computed tomography scan, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed on echocardiography. After hospitalization, cardiac marker concentrations declined, symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization. There was no recurrence of symptoms after discharge. Conclusions: We suspect that previously unrecognized heart disease manifested or was aggravated in this patient due to exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Attention should be paid to the possibility of unauthorized discharge of hydrogen sulfide, etc., in occasional local incidents and damage to public health. In the event of such an accident, it is necessary to have government guidelines in place to investigate health impact and follow-up clinical management of exposed residents.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 1997

2,3-benzodiazepine계 항불안제인 tofisopam의 항불안 효과 및 안전성을 조사하기 위해 단일맹검 비교연구를 시행하였다. 외래로 내원한 불안 장애 환자 40명을 대상으로 무작위로 tofisopam군과 lorazepam군으로 할당하였으며, 최종 연구를 완결한 환자는 tofisopam군 17명(남자 7명, 여자 10명), lorazepam군은 15명(남자 6명, 여자 9명)이었다. 초기용량으로 tofisopam군은 50mg을 하루 3회 복용하고, lorazepam군은 0.75mg을 하루 2회 복용하도록 하였으며, 임상상태와 부작용에 따라 용량을 임의로 증감하도록 하였고, 일일 최대 용량은 tofisopam군 300mg, lorazepam군 3mg으로 하였다. 임상상태에 대한 평가는 Hamilton rating scale for anxiety(HAM-A)와 Clinical global impression(CGI)으로 하였으며, 약물 투여전과 투여 1주후, 2주후, 4주후에 측정되었다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) HAM-A 총점수의 경우, 약물 치료군과 시점을 변인으로 한 two-way repeated-measure ANOVA에서 양군간에 시점에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. HAM-A 심리적 불안과 신체적 불안아척도 점수에서 양군간 시점에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 각 군에서 HAM-A 총점수의 시점에 따른 유의한 변화를 나타내었으며, 양군 모두 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 2) CGI의 질병의 전반적인 심각도에서 약물 치료군과 시점을 변인으로 한 two-way repeated-measure ANOVA에서 양군간에 시점에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 각 군에서 CGI 심각도의 시점에 따른 유의한 변화를 나타내었으며, tofisopam군은 1주후부터 lorazepam군은 4주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. CGI 호전도에선 각 시점에서"minimally improved"이상을 보인 환자군이 tofisopam군이 94.1%로서 lorazepam군 66.7% 보다 높았다. 3) 안전성 분석에서 각 군에서 생명징후, 혈액학, 생화학, 심전도, 체중에서 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 4) 부작용 면에서 tofisopam군이 lorazepam군보다 각 시점에서 부작용을 호소한 환자수가 적었다. 이상에서 tofisopam은 lorazepam과 유사한 항불안효과를 보였으며, 내약성은 lorazepam에 비해 우수하였다.