• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2002

Kanagawa hemolysin (KH), an exotoxin produced from Kanagawa phenomenon-positive Vibrio parahemolyticus, has been shown to possess various biological activities including hemolysis, enterotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of KH on the cardiovascular system and its mechanism, employing in vivo and in vitro experiments of the rat. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 100 mHU KH produced a marked and continuous pressor effect (icv KH-pressor effect), and the icv pressor effect was not repeatable. However, intravenous (iv) injection of the same dose of KH induced a prominent depressor effect (iv KH-depressor effect). The icv KH-pressor effect was inhibited by acid-denaturation, while the iv KH-depressor effect was not. Simultaneous icv administration of the three agents (ouabain, diltiazem, or bumetanide: $10{\mu}g/kg$ each) significantly reduced the pressor effect. The icv KH-pressor effect was inhibited by treatment with iv phentolamine or chlorisondamine, but was not affected by iv candesartan. The iv KH-depressor effect was repeatable and was attenuated by treatment with iv NAME or methylene blue. In vitro experiments using isolated thoracic aorta, $10^{-6}$ M phenylephrine (PE) and 50 mM KCl produced a sustained contraction. In rings contracted with either agents, KH showed relaxant responses in a concentration- dependent fashion and the relaxation (KH-vasorelaxation) was not dependent on the existence of the endothelium. The KH-vasorelaxation in the endothelium-intact rings contracted by PE was abolished by methylene blue treatment. In summary, the present findings suggest that in the icv KH-pressor effect the cation leak-inducing action of KH is implicated, which leads to the increased central sympathetic tone, that the iv KH-depressor effect results from the vasorelaxation via NO-guanylate cyclase system, and that the KH-vasorelaxation is independent of the endothelium and the guanylate cyclase system is involved in it. In conclusion, the mechanism of KH producing the icv pressor effect may not be identical to that of KH producing the iv depressor effect.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the possibility of continued embryo collection by repeatable superovulation from a Hanwoo elite cow, who was already estimated to an elite cow by DNA analysis. The donor cow was superovulated with Folltropin-V and PG $F_2$$\alpha$ combination method for 5 times, 2 months interval during 10 months. The estrus cows were inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Embryo collection from superovulated cows was flushed non-surgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. The superovulated cow was collected from 1 to 5$^{th}$ times as total (14, 4, 10, 6, 9 embryos; total 30 embryos) and transferable embryos (7, 4, 10, 3, 6; Mean$\pm$S.E : 6.0$\pm$2.7 embryos). Seventeen recipients were transferred 24 embryos and then detected to pregnant 10 recipients after embryo transfer (58.8%; 10/17 recipients) The results indicated that the possibility of repeatable superovulation from elite donor cow for embryo transfer could be confirmed in this study, although the replicated number was not enough.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2002

In this study, to improve the effect of the surface treatment, the shape design of shot ball is proposed. The fatigue effects of shot peening by the cut wire shot ball and the rounded cut wire shot ball are compared. The rotary bending and tensile fatigue tests are conducted on a spring steel to evaluate fatigue lives. The residual compressive stresses by the rounded cut wire shot ball is higher than by the rounded cut wire shot ball. This consequently increase the fatigue life and the reliability of surface treatment. Thus, to obtain optimum, repeatable and reliable shot peening effect the shape of the shot ball must be round.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.877-880
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• 2008

In this article, in order to fabricate polymer based electrospray device with super hydrophobic nozzle we use PTFE(polyfluorotetraethylene) plate and PMMA(polymethylmethacrylate). To obtain the super hydrophobic surface nozzle, PTFE surface is treated by argon and oxygen plasma treatment process. And evaluate the treated surface, perform measuring contact angle, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and AFM(Atomic Force Microscope). We compare the performance of the super hydrophobic PTFE surface nozzle with raw PTFE and PMMA surface nozzle. For the ion beam treated PTFE nozzle, the liquid doesn't overflow and it keeps initial position and meniscus shape. From these results, we expect in cease of superhydrophobic surface nozzle jetting becomes more stable and repeatable.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

Rapid and homogeneous heating in heat treatment has been a challenging engineering issue throughout a heating temperature over $1,000^{\circ}C$. Induction heating has been widely used in field of heat treatment compared with conventional heating system. Advantages in homogeneous heating, simple fabrication, and repeatable use can be efficiently made with the induction heater. In this paper, numerical analysis of an induction coil system for heat flux gauge heating is performed. The effect of configuration on the heating performance was considered in various cases of the coil radius, distance between the winding, relative height difference between the heat flux gauge and the coil, and the applied current frequency. Temperature distribution within the heat flux gauge at frequency-steady state was calculated with a finite element method. Sensitivity analysis was also performed and the relative importance of 2 key parameters; coil radius, distance between the winding, were taken as main contributors for induction heating.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the masseter muscle thickness before and after treatment using ultrasound sonography in patients with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: From September 2019 to March 2020, a total of 27 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital were collected. The thickness of both masseter muscles was measured using a tablet ultrasound scanner. Statistical analysis was performed by using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 statistical package (IBM Corp) with significance level at 0.05. Result: According to the statistical results, the thickness of the masseter muscle was thicker on the right side than on the left, with no correlation with sex or age. The severity and duration of pain did not have a significant correlation with the thickness of the masseter muscle. Botulinum A toxin injection in the masseter muscle was the most effective way to reduce pain and reduce the thickness of the masseter muscle. Splint treatment also showed some effects in reducing the thickness of the masseter muscle. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be claimed that ultrasonography is simple, inexpensive and easily repeatable method to get real-time diagnosis and treatment results for masseter muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.821-828
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• 2000

Metal - ceramic restorations have been the standard of fixed oral rehabilitation for over 30 years, and while many advances have been made in materials and research, the esthetic challenges of the light reflective metal substructure will always put clinician in an esthetic dilemma, for only a very talented ceramist / dentist team can create esthetics that rival nature on a repeatable basis. All ceramic restorations have also been a choice in our restorative armamentarium, but in the past, the materials have also had their own limitation, number on being question-able strength to withstand occlusal forces generated during mastication. IPS Empress 2 offers dentistry a metal free alternative to traditional restorative techniques. This clinical report describes the treatment of patients with esthetic problem of anterior dentition using Empress 2 system.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.773-780
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• 2019

Objective: To assess segmental liver stiffness (LS) with MRI before and after endovascular intervention in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Materials and Methods: Twenty-three patients (13 males and 10 females; mean age, 42.6 ± 12.6 years; age range, 31-56 years) with BCS as a primary liver disease were recruited for this study. Two consecutive magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) examinations were performed before the endovascular treatment. Fifteen patients who underwent endovascular intervention treatment also had follow-up MRE scans within three days after the procedure. LS was measured in three liver segments: the right posterior, right anterior, and left medial segments. Inter-reader and inter-exam repeatability were analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman analysis. Segmental LS and clinical characteristics before and after the intervention were also compared. Results: Within three days of the endovascular intervention, all three segmental LS values decreased: LS of the right posterior segment = 7.23 ± 0.88 kPa (before) vs. 4.94 ± 0.84 kPa (after), LS of the right anterior segment = 7.30 ± 1.06 kPa (before) vs. 4.77 ± 0.85 kPa (after), and LS of the left medial segment = 7.22 ± 0.87 kPa (before) vs. 4.87 ± 0.72 kPa (after) (all p = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between LS changes and venous pressure gradient changes before and after treatments (r = 0.651, p = 0.009). The clinical manifestations of all 15 patients significantly improved after therapy. The MRE repeatability was excellent, with insignificant variations (inter-reader, ICC = 0.839-0.943: inter-examination, ICC = 0.765-0.869). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed excellent agreement (limits of agreement, 13.4-19.4%). Conclusion: Segmental LS measured by MRE is a promising repeatable quantitative biomarker for monitoring the treatment response to minimally invasive endovascular intervention in patients with BCS.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2009

The treatment of a patient with severely worn dentition is often challenging due to loss of vertical dimension and an uneven occlusal plane. To establish a correct occlusal plane and space for prostheses, it is necessary to increase vertical dimension. Occlusal vertical dimension is the vertical position of mandible to maxilla in centric occlusion. McAndrew reported that in spite of the change of the vertical dimension, the altered occlusion would be maintained if the equal occlusal contacts were established in centric relation. Centric relation is defined as an anatomically and physiologically stable, repeatable posture of the mandible and can be considered a most acceptable treatment and reference position. In this case we tried to treat patients with severely worn dentition by the use of centric relation and increased vertical dimension for the space of prostheses.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.351-355
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• 1998

Cutaneous angiosarcomas are uncommon malignancies which account about 1$\%$ of sarcomas. They are found most commonly in the head and neck regions, frequently on the scalp. Although preferred treatment has been combined surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, the extensiveness and multiplicity of the lesions set limits to such an approach and the patient is often referred for radiotherapy without surgery. As the entire scalp usually needs to be treated, radiation therapy is a challenging problem to radiation oncology staffs. We report a case of angiosarcoma of the scalp, which was treated successfully by radiation therapy with a simple and repeatable method using mixed Photon and electron beam technique. Using a bolus to increase the surface dose of the scalp and to minimize dose to the normal tissues of the brain desirable but difficult technically to be well conformed to the three dimensional curved surface such as vertex of the head. A helmet made of thermoplastics filled with paraffin was elaborated and used for the treatment, resulting of the relatively uniform surface doses along the several points measured on the scalp, the difference among the points not exceeding 7$\%$ of the prescribed dose by TLD readings.