• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 2018

Herein, we present the behavior of plasma-doped graphene upon high-temperature vacuum annealing. An ammonia plasma-treated graphene sample underwent vacuum annealing for 1 h at temperatures ranging from 100 to $500^{\circ}C$. According to Raman analysis, the structural healing of the plasma-treated sample is more pronounced at elevated annealing temperatures. The crystallite size of the plasma-treated sample increases from 13.87 to 29.15 nm after vacuum annealing. In addition, the doping level by plasma treatment reaches $2.2{\times}10^{12}cm^{-2}$ and maintains a value of $1.6{\times}10^{12}cm^{-2}$, even after annealing at $500^{\circ}C$, indicating high doping stability. A relatively large decrease in the pyrrolic bonding components is observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as compared to other configurations, such as pyridinic and amino bindings, after the annealing. This study indicates that high-vacuum annealing at elevated temperatures provides a method for the structural reorganization of plasma-treated graphene without a subsequent decrease in doping level.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.18-31
• /
• 2022

Fashion is one of the main environmental pollution industries. To reduce pollution, much of the deadstock clothes are given a new value by being redesigning based on the designer's competency. This study aims to promote the revitalization of redesigning by analyzing and presenting hybrid design characteristics of the Sacai design collection, as a redesigning brand, and formative element characteristics of redesigning. A theoretical study using previous research on redesigning and related books and an empirical study analyzing the Sacai Collection were conducted. Based on the study results, there are four types of redesigning processes; recombination of heterogeneous clothing structure, reorganization by reversed function and position, reorganized composition by material processing, and mixing of heterogeneous materials. In the recombination of heterogeneous clothing structures, heterogeneous materials and structures coexist by combining the clothing components with other clothing elements. The second is the reconstruction by subversion. The third is reconstruction by material processing. The fourth is a mixture of disparate materials. This study has innovative redesign features from Sacai designs, and there are plans for a follow-up study that will analyze the work of another designer who is recognized for the excellence in redesigning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.62-62
• /
• 2013

Magnesium alloys exhibit many attractive properties such as low density, high strength/weight ratio, high thermal conductivity, very good electromagnetic features and good recyclability. However, most commercial magnesium alloys require protective coatings because of their poor corrosion resistance. Attempts have been made to improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloys by surface treatments, such as chemical conversion coatings, anodizing, plating and metal coatings. Among them, chemical conversion coatings are regarded as one of the most effective and cheapest ways to prevent corrosion of Mg alloys. In this study, the effects of various $Zn^{2+}$ concentrations and pH levels on the formation of zinc phosphate conversion coatings (ZPCCs) on AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated, and corrosion resistances of the coated samples were evaluated by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization experiment. The corrosion resistance of the coated AZ31 samples was found to increase with increasing $Zn^{2+}$ concentration and the lowest corrosion rate was obtained for the samples coated at pH of 3.07, independent of $Zn^{2+}$ concentration. The best coatings on AZ31 were obtained at [$Zn^{2+}$] = 0.068 M and pH 3.07. At the conditions of [$Zn^{2+}$] = 0.068 M and pH 3.07, the formation and growth processes of ZPCCs on AZ31 Mg alloy are divided into four stages: formation of a dense layer, precipitation of fine crystals on the dense layer, growths of the inner and outer layers, and reorganization of outer crystalline layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.147-158
• /
• 2012

The School Health Act was revised in 2007 and the contents of school health education was officially organized in the school curriculum in elementary, middle and high schools, since the contents of school health education disappeared in 1963. For the successful school health education, sufficient time for health education should be provided by opening health education course as an essential subject in every grade. The large scale schools need to have more school health teachers for performing efficient health education and in all schools there needs to be a reorganization of the teacher's complex works. For quality improvements of the health education, the change of principal's attitude and budget plan for health education are essential. Additionally, various training programs for school health teachers and developing effective educational materials should be provided.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2000.10b
• /
• pp.1079-1084
• /
• 2000

The apartment houses which were constructed in a large quantity are currently being deteriorated and the reuse of them is directly related to the economic and environmental problem of the nation. Therefore, this research approaches to structural planning other than to the materials and/or the repair for the reuse of these deteriorated buildings. The research suggests the structural planning technique which includes the idea for the reinforcement of the structure in a part to improve the structural efficiency by investigating the current condition which includes the structural type of the buildings, examining the plan for the improvement of the structural efficiency, establishing the model of the space reorganization associated to the capability changes for the scale, the use, and the facilities, and checking of the structural efficiency through the structural analysis for the building structure suggested to be replaced.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop formal design principles towards flexible house plan. A flexible house plan accomodates spatial requirements corresponding to change of life style and provides a way of saving architectural materials. Design properties as a basis for manipulation of room includes adjacency, orientation and geometrical information which are suited well to flexible design. This paper has developed a formal grammar of shape which can be utilized to transform house plan. Flexible design presented here is based on the idea of various operations of the shape grammar. The shape grammar, as a set of rules, specifies manipulations of shapes for reorganization of spatial relationships of rooms in a house plan. It lists exemplary rules in control knowledge which guides design processes for modifying a plan. An example taken from house plan design is used to ilustrate important aspects of the flexible design which fundamentally provides the basis for architectural material saving.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2002

Ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the dynamic change of the protein structure of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) during the photocycle. The photointermediates minus light- adapted (LA) BR difference spectra show Trp difference signals, which are assigned to Trp189 or Trp182 on helix F by using the mutants, W182F and W189F. The Difference signals of Trp 182 indicates an increase in hydrogen bonding strength at the indole nitrogen and a large change in the side chain conformation (X$\^$2,1/ torsion angle) in the M$_1$ \longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. On the other hand, Trp189 shows an increased hydrophobic interaction. These results suggest that the tilt of helix F occurs in the M$_1$\longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. In the M$_2$ \longrightarrow N transition, the hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 decreases drastically, The decrease in hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 in the N state suggests an invasion of water molecules that promote the proton transfer from Asp96 to the Schiff base. Structural reorganization of the protein after the tilt of helix F may be important for efficient reprotonation of the Schiff base.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.234-242
• /
• 2010

The twenty seven houses at Incheon city, were remodeled in 2009 for the physically handicapped people. This research had been done the analysis of the itemized questionnaire by the needs of the physically handicapped for their better living environment and suggested the following remodeling devices. First of all, there was the priority for the remodeling of their living facilities. According to their priority, they wanted to remodel their bathroom, kitchen & dining room, veranda, living room, and hall way. These were based on their needs of movement, personal hygiene, convenient closet, and cabinet usage. In particular, their demands were shown as followings. The wheelchair using handicapped people required safe doorknobs, unslippery floor materials, removal of step levels, and heights adjustable washing stand for their bathroom. They also requested washboard, non-threshold, and automatic door locks. Otherwise, the disabled in critical condition who could not move anything preferred the remodeling of inner structure of living spaces and automatic door system. The slight disabled and the families those who have the disabled demanded the remodeling of kitchen & dining room, and preferred the reorganization of closet, cabinets, floor tiles, and turncock. The remodeling of bedroom was mostly requested by the disabled women, people with the brain disorder, and disabled people in critical condition who could not move anything. They wanted the remote controlled lightings.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2011

To foster fire investigation professionals and expand career opportunities for graduates of fire science majors, it is extremely important to expand and reorganize courses which are related to fire investigation. Only 30 percent of universities have fire investigation related courses, and the courses only offer theoretical materials. As a result, it has a great limitation to teach essential knowledge which is required at a fire scene. This study suggests to classify fire investigation-related-courses in to fire investigation course and fire identification course. In addition, the study proposes ways to standardize curricula which enables students to acquire Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator (CFEI).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.588-596
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for improving the STEAM class by examining elementary school teachers' difficulties in the STEAM class and discussing solutions. For this research, 25 elementary school teachers in Seoul City and Gyeonggi-do were asked to write their difficulties in the STEAM class in the open-ended questionnaires. After classification of the collected data, an in-depth interview was conducted with one in-service elementary school teacher who is richly experienced in STEAM education to find solutions for each type of difficulties. The study result showed that most of elementary school teachers had difficulties in the STEAM class, due to selection of integrated subjects, production of teaching devices and materials, guidance of group activities, reorganization of the curriculum, assessment and uncooperative co-teachers. One teacher that participated in the interview to discuss solutions for teachers' difficulties was solving the problems in various ways. She said that many of her solutions came from her experience and also, knowledge obtained through a participation in the STEAM training or opportunities to share information with other teachers who belong to the STEAM research institution, was highly helpful.