• 복식
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2016

The ancient 'sacred cloths' of Indonesia have diverse characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of ancient Indonesian textiles, focusing on 'sacred cloths.' The research is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the creation period, religious importance, region where the cloths are found, and color of the 'sacred cloths.' The second part focuses on the textile-making techniques and the ritual patterns of the 'sacred cloths.' This research is the second paper. This research analyzes 225 Indonesian sacred cloth examples chosen for their religious function in ceremony, and reviews 10 books and 8 research papers. Field research was done in the Museum of Bali, the Indonesian Museum of Textiles, and nine weaving production houses in eastern Bali. Indonesian sacred cloths express their cultural philosophy and function through production techniques, colors, techniques, and visual patterns. The 'sacred cloth'-making techniques are classified as Batik, Prada, and Ikat. The regions that contribute to the textile production determine what patterns show up on the cloths. Sumatran patterns are philosophical, lavish, and prestigious. Bornean patterns are barbaric and prestigious. Balinese patterns are complex, decorative, warm, festive, calm, and aristocratic. Javanese patterns are symbolic and repetitive. Celebes patterns are artistic and simple. Nusa Tenggara patterns are symbolic and narrative. The forms shown on the textiles, whether geometric, human and animal, natural objects, or abstract patterns, determine how to classify the varied patterns. As a result, ancient Indonesian sacred cloths characteristics portray Indonesian identity as Bhinneka Tunggal Ika(Unity in Diversity).

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제70권
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• pp.175-206
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 유아 신앙에 관한 이해를 확장하기 위해 질적, 양적자료를 함께 수집하고 분석하는 혼합연구 방법을 사용하였다. 우선 18명의 연구참여자와 면담한 내용을 범주로 나누고 범주가 도출된 빈도를 계산하였다. 면담에서 언급된 내용을 75개 서술문으로 만들어 중요도를 5점 평정척도로 평가받음으로 유아기 신앙에서 더 중요하거나 덜 중요한 개념을 발견하였으며, 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 하위요인을 발견하였다. 면담에서 빈번하게 언급된 범주는 어려움 가운데 발현되는 믿음, 종교적 행위, 가정에서의 신앙교육, 교회에서의 신앙교육, 하나님을 향한 사랑과 믿음, 기독교 세계관(정체성) 확립 순이었다. 높은 점수를 받은 서술문은 하나님에 대한 인식, 신학적 개념, 종교적 행위, 가정의 신앙교육, 교회의 신앙교육에 포함되는 내용이었다. 반면 발달상 나타나기 어렵거나 추상적인 내용, 말씀에 기초한 가치 판단과 갈등 해결, 복음 전도에 관한 서술문은 낮은 점수를 받았다. 요인분석을 통해 추출된 하위요인은 가정과 교회를 통한 신앙교육, 하나님에 대한 인식과 종교적 행위, 복음에 기초한 정체성, 복음에 기초한 성품, 신앙에 기초한 위기 극복이었다. 결론적으로, 유아기 신앙에 관한 혼합연구의 결과는 다양한 방법을 활용했음에도 하나님과의 관계, 종교적 행위, 기독교 세계관(정체성), 가정의 신앙교육, 교회의 신앙교육, 믿음을 통한 위기 극복 등으로 거의 유사하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아기 신앙교육에서 무엇을 어떻게 가르칠 것인가에 관한 아이디어를 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제25_1집
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.12-32
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• 2023

최근 내면의 치유를 위해 떠나는 종교여행객의 수요가 늘어나면서 불교의 '산사체험'이나 개신교의 '수련회', 가톨릭의 '피정'이 일종의 대안 휴가로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 토착화가 이루어진 불교와 달리 범기독교계의 피정시설은 일반적인 휴양시설의 형태를 따르고 있으며, 후원에 의존함으로써 전체적인 틀을 구축하지 못한 채 조성하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 피정의 방법인 '영신수련' 과정을 토대로 '신학적 미학'을 반영하여 '피정의 집'에 적합한 외부 환경을 설계하고자 하였다. 먼저 영신수련은 '내적 순례'라고 표현되는 만큼, 각 기도주제에서 체험하게 되는 이미지와 신학적 미학에 관해 고찰하였다. 다음으로 피정시설에 필요한 기능 및 공간 특성을 분석하고, 종교적 공간의 구성원리를 파악하였다. 또한 실제 대상지의 경관을 조사하고, 참여자들의 이용행태를 분석하여 일정에 따른 선호 공간을 도출하였다. 이를 종합하여 의식의 전환을 이끌어낼 수 있는 외부공간을 구상하고, 기도 메커니즘과 부합하는 물리적 환경 속에서 참여자의 체험 스펙트럼이 확장될 수 있도록 계획하였다. 본 연구는 경관자원의 잠재력이 많은 피정시설을 선정하여 신학적 미학을 구현하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 영신수련의 기도법인 '관상기도(觀相祈禱)' 시에 이미지를 효과적으로 불러일으키고 종교적 체험을 보조할 수 있는 시적((詩的) 경관의 가능성을 드러낼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 그동안 등한시된 종교시설의 다양한 외부공간 설계어휘를 도출해냈다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1995

Paying attention to the notable social problem occured by the confusion of values in the modern industrialized society changed rapidly, this study aimed to examine the values of nurses which lie at the heart of the diverse universe of their behavior considering their activities and professionalism influencing the applicants directly. The applicants for this study were 173 nurses selected randomly from both hospitals of rKJ located in Inchon and ry J located in Seoul. $\ulcorner$K$lrcorner$ The findings from this study were as follows; 1) Values of nurses In the Spranger's six personality category of values, the religious value was found to be the most important for the nurses, and followed by social value. These facts are thought to be disirable and hopeful very much reflecting the philosophical basis of nursing, that is, humanitarianism. But the theoretical value marked the lowest point that probably mean the lack of nurse's theoretical conditions which should be essential for the nursing professionalism. Thus it is suggested that the measures for encouraging the nurses or nursing students to have more interest in the educational training courses and schooling. 2) Analysis of relationship between the nurse's general characteristics and their values CD There were no differences statistically in values relating to the professional career and occupation. The nurses without religion placed, naturally, the lower religious value (t= 4.28. p=.000) than the nurses with religion. but placed higher aesthetic value(t=-2.82. p=.006) showing significant statistical differences. (3) Nurses from the 3-year program got the higher aesthetic value(t=3.07, p=.003) than those from the diploma program. but got the lower religious value (t = -2.05. p =.041) showing significant statistical differences. (4) The singles placed the higher aesthetic value (t= 2.21. p =.028) than those married in significant statistically.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.762-770
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine of the flower patterned fabrics used for the Shrouds during 15~18th century in Chosun Dynasty. The Shrouds at that time could be classified by the garments for the dead(殮襲衣) and the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具). And we looked into the types and the compounding methods of the flower pattern used for the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具) as well as the Shrouds accounting to the uses. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The flower patterned fabrics weaved as the uses of the garments for the dead(殮襲衣), item by item, were divided into the upper garment, the lower garment and men's Po(coat). 2) Seeing Jeogori, mixed various flower patterned fabrics, among the upper garment, there were focused on the various good meanings such as longevity, integrity and prosperity etc. 3) The flower patterns in men's Po(coat) were used a lot in Jangui and Dahnryoung. Cheollik, Dappo, Jeonbok, etc made of the flower patterned fabrics, were of small number but we can feel an aesthetic sense of men at that time. 4) The flower patterned fabrics weaved the lower garments, were used much more in the skirts than in the trousers, for reasons of the wrapping a dead body. 5) Seeing the flower pattern used the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具), the pattern of Lotus and Arabesque, among the types of flower pattern, had a majority.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

In Korea, a movement for forming intentional communities is gathering people's interests to improve individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say if its management is successful or not, because intentional community is just in the experimental stage in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify actual condition of residents' participation in forming process, shared activities in their daily lives, residents' regulation, common facilities and its management in order to offer basic information for revitalization of intentional communities in Korea. 7 intentional communities including eco-friendly villages, religious communities and a cooperative housing community were collected as the study objects. Upon analysis, those communities were divided into two groups according to their purpose of establishment; "HC (Housing-life focused Community includes cooperative housing community and eco-friendly community)" and "IC (Ideology focused Community includes ideology community and religious community)" in order to identify difference in residents' participation between the two groups. In-dept interviews with representatives of 7 intentional communities by a structured questionnaire were used as study method. The findings of this study are as follows; In general, more active residents' participation is identified in ICs than in HCs. There is no common house, which is considered as essential in intentional community, in HCs, while it was facilitated in all ICs. Role of leader seems more important in ICs than in HCs. About the ownership of housing and land, private owned is common in HCs, while community owned is common in ICs. Shared activities and residents' regulations are evidently less in most HCs than in ICs. Furthermore, in order to run a community sustainable, it is crucial to encourage sense of community among residents, and developing common house and activity programs. Common house design, which can promote proactive residents' participation in shared activity should be studied fitted to Korean circumstances. Above all, proactive participation in the shared activities is one of the most important factors in intentional community.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the different consumption patterns of fashion products according to the demographic characteristics and religious variables of Muslim women in Indonesia. The research method consisted of a questionnaire, which surveyed Muslim women in Indonesia, whose ages ranged from teens to 40s. The final questionnaire made use of 301 responses, and the analysis methods included 𝛘²-testing, factor analysis, and ANOVA. The results of this survey are as follows: For differences in average monthly clothing purchase costs, there were significant differences according to age, monthly income, final education, and whether or not the respondent wore a hijab, but there was also significant difference according to marital status and religious faithfulness. Muslim women's clothing purchasing factors were practicality, visibility, fit-to-wear, and design. In terms of the differences in factors which were considered when purchasing clothing, they depended on whether or not the respondent was married, practicality and visibility according to age, visibility according to final education, and religious faithfulness. There were significant differences in practicality and visibility, but not according to monthly income. When accounting for the differences in the places where Muslim women bought fashion products, there were significant differences according to marital status and age. In terms of the differences in reasons for choosing a place of purchase, there were significant differences according to age, monthly income, final education, and the degree of hijab wearing.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.619-633
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• 2008

This study is to compare cultural characteristics and the clothing value between Korean and American college women. Also this study is to analyze the culture effect on the clothing value. The cultural characteristics is explained by Hofstede's five Cultural Dimensions- power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. 800 questionnaires, were utilized for this study. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics like average and frequency, 1-test, $x^2$, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Also the LISREL 8.0 was used to Perform a confirmatory factor analysis. The result showed, first, there were 5 major cultural differences between Korean and American college women. Comparatively, Korean college women showed higher uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, and lower power distance, individualism and masculinity. Second, there were differences in the clothing value aspect. Korean college women considered the aesthetic clothing value to be most important, however, American college women considered the economic clothing value to be most important. Third, there were some differences in the clothing value because of the cultural differences. For Korean college women, there were 5 major cultural differences that had an effect on the aesthetic, social, religious and economic clothing values, however, for America college women, the 5 major cultural differences had an effect on the aesthetic, social, and religious values but no effect on the economic value.

• 복식
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2014

A variety of traditional costumes have been developed in Asia due to different natural and cultural environments and they are still worn by people in many areas. Traditional costumes in Asia have been formed under the influence of various ideologies, as well as technology and social structure. Three Asian religions(Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam), which have undeniably strong influence on traditional Asian cultures, have great effects on the styles of traditional costume in each region of Asia. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics and aesthetic values of traditional Asian costumes. To do this, the author used images of traditional costumes, which were taken in person by the author, in each region of Asia as reference. Unlike the traditional costumes in the West, which expose the body shape, traditional Asian costumes have nonstructural features in construction, form and wearing rules. They are also decorated with religious symbols and other ornaments, which is different from functional and non-decorative modern clothes. Each traditional Asian costume has unique characteristics. The costume under the influence of Buddhism shows the beauty of concealment that features trans-spatiality and abundant silhouette. On the other hand, the Hindu costume shows the beauty of symbolization represented by very colorful and complex ornaments, while costume in the Islam regions shows the beauty of restraint with clothes that wrap up the body in accordance with its strict religious discipline. Asian religions also represent philosophy, culture as well as an ethnic group. They have influenced entire Asian cultures including the arts, aesthetics and social structure and decided the style of costumes.