• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac output, including the modified Simpson's method, Automated Contour Tracking(ACT) method, and left ventricular outflow method are well described methods of evaluating cardiac function due to its reliability and the benefits of its non-invasive technique in human medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an echocardiography estimate of cardiac output in isoflurane-anesthetized beagle dogs and was to compare the ACT method to the other methods used in measurement of cardiac output. In healthy beagle dogs, cardiac output results by echocardiography estimate methods showed an excellent correlations with those by the thermodilution method (The modified Simpson's method : r = 0.815, $r^2=0.665$, y = 0.434x + 0.311 ; ACT method : r = 0.86, $r^2=0.748$, y = 0.391x + 0.242 ; ventricular outflow method : r = 0.691, $r^2=0.478$, y = 0.593x + 0.242). Among the results obtained, the ACT method showed the highest correlation coefficient. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that echocardiography estimate methods did not prove to be suitable in accurately measuring absolute cardiac output values but showed an excellent correlation with thermodilution method. Therefore, by using the measurement of cardiac output as supplemental data, echocardiography estimate methods can be used for detection and correction of hemodynamic disturbances during emergency and anesthesia in veterinary practice.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to define a correlation between spatial distribution characteristics of FFG(Functional Feeding Groups) of aquatic insects and related environmental factors in the Geum River based on the theory of RCC(River Continuum Concept). For that objective we had used SMRA(Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) method to analyze close relationship between the distribution of aquatic insects and the physical and chemical factors that may affect their inhabiting environment in the study area. And then, a probabilistic method named Frequency Ratio Model(FRM) and spatial analysis function of GIS were applied to produce a predictive distribution map of biota community considering their distribution characteristics according to the environmental factors as related variables. As a result of SMRA, the values of decision coefficient for factors of elevation, stream width, flow velocity, conductivity, temperature and percentage of sand showed higher than 0.5. Therefore these 6 environmental factors were considered as major factors that might affect the distribution characteristics of aquatic insects. Finally, we had calculated RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) between the predicted distribution map and prior survey database from other researches to verify the result of this study. The values of RMSE were calculated from 0.1892 to 0.4242 according to each FFG so we could find out a high reliability of this study. The results of this study might be used to develop a new estimation method for aquatic ecosystem with macro invertebrate community and also be used as preliminary data for conservation and restoration of stream habitats.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2017

The evaluation and analysis method of information system (IS) is studied from the system perspective, the user perspective, and the management viewpoint. The detailed analysis method performs qualitative evaluation by user questionnaire or expert opinion. In this study, Measures the productivity and the effect of building administrative information systems. In the previous study, qualitative productivity and universal effect indicators were used, but in this study, quantitative productivity indicators and indicators specific to administrative complaints were selected. KONEPS, an administrative service system, used electronic contract records and information recorded in the intermediate process. The information was converted into the number of days, and the productivity based on the input manpower was calculated. The effect analysis analyzed the questionnaire related to civil affairs, which is the goal of the administrative work system. Each factor was divided into reflective structural variable and formal structural variable, and internal consistency and multi-collinearity were diagnosed. In order to verify the model, the influence of the work was set as a hypothesis, the reliability was verified according to the descriptive statistics method, the influence was measured through the regression analysis, and the model was analyzed by the multiple regression model path coefficient. Model validation methods are Chi-square (df, p), RMR, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI and GFI as indicators according to CFA.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.153-184
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the effects of emotional labor level on the level of job satisfaction and library information service provision in public libraries. The research model used emotional labor levels as an independent variable; job satisfaction and level of library information service provision as a dependent variable; and organizational culture as a control factor. The data were collected randomly from 220 librarians of public libraries in Seoul by distributing and collecting internet surveys. Reliability analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, multiple regression analysis, and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 18.0 program. The statistic hypothesis test results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, public library librarians did not like to express their emotions to users, trying to express their emotions more positively than what they were actually feeling. Second, although librarians experience emotional labors, they feel a sense of achievement when undertaking their tasks and develop pride and happiness in their work. As librarians perceive their work professional, they overcome emotional labors, and have pride in their work. Third, although librarians experience emotional labors, a reasonable job evaluation with goals, and their relationships with colleagues would lead to accomplishment in their work. In addition, although the evaluation of employees is focused on performance, librarians improve their service if library users are satisfied with their service and the services are provided adequately.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.531-543
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• 1996

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Robin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows : 1) Four factors for MISP (finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named : factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, .90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below : 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It Is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

The seismic slope stability is most often evaluated by the pseudo-static limit analysis, in which the earthquake loading is simplified as static inertial loads acting in horizontal and/or vertical directions. The transient loading is represented by constant acceleration via the pseudostatic coefficients. The result of a pseudostatic analysis is governed by the selection of the value of the pseudostatic coefficient. However, selection of the value is very difficult and often done in an ad hoc manner without a sound physical reasoning. In addition, the maximum acceleration is commonly estimated from the design guideline, which cannot accurately estimate the dynamic response of a slope. There is a need to perform a 2D dynamic analysis to properly define the dynamic response characteristics. This paper develops a new hybrid pseudostatic method that links the modified one-dimensional seismic site response analysis and the pseudostatic algorithm. The modified site response analysis adjusts the density of the layers to simulate the change in mass and weight of the layers of the slope with depth. Multiple analyses were performed at various locations within the slope to estimate the change in seismic response of the slope. The calculated peak acceleration profiles with depth from the developed procedure were compared to those by the two-dimensional analyses. Comparisons show that the two methods result in remarkable match. The calculated profiles are used to perform pseudostatic analysis. The results show that use of peak or a fraction of acceleration at the surface can seriously underestimate or overestimate the factor of safety, and that the proposed procedure significantly enhances the reliability of a standard procedure.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

In this study installation diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness of applicable ground in C.G.S method should be mastered through surrounding ground by conducting modeling. Optimum artificial neural network was selected through the study of the parameter of artificial neural network and prediction model was developed by the relationship with numerical analysis and artificial neural network. As this result, C.G.S pile settlement and ground settlement were found to be equal in terms of diameter, interval, area replacement ratio and ground hardness, presented in a single curve, which means that the behavior pattern of applied ground in C.G.S method was presented as some form, and based on such a result, learning the artificial neural network for 3D behavior was found to be possible. As the study results of artificial neural network internal factor, when using the number of neural in hidden layer 10, momentum constant 0.2 and learning rate 0.2, relationship between input and output was expressed properly. As a result of evaluating the ground behavior of C.G.S method which was applied to using such optimum structure of artificial neural network model, is that determination coefficient in case of C.G.S pile settlement was 0.8737, in case of ground settlement was 0.7339 and in case of ground heaving was 0.7212, sufficient reliability was known.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.194-208
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• 2013

This study presented a theoretical research system about the impact of boss' transformational leadership that is recognized by super luxury hotel chefs on their job satisfaction and performance, and on the basis of this theoretical background, the model was derived and the hypothesis was confirmed by empirical research. A frequency analysis was conducted to determine the general characteristics of the 245 samples collected in this study, an exploratory factor analysis for the verification of the validity of boss' transformational leadership, employees' job satisfaction and job performance, and 'Cronbach's a' was used for the verification of reliability. In addition, a canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between transformational leadership, job satisfaction and job performance, and the influencing relations of variables were verified by running a multiple regression analysis through SPSS ver 18.0 statistical package in order to verify this research model and hypothesis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, it was shown that the transformational leadership charisma (p<0.01) and only the individual concern (p<0.1) had a positive influence on job satisfaction. Second, as a result of understanding the impact of the transformational leadership on the job performance through a regression coefficient, it was shown that only boss' intellectual stimulation had an impact on the chef's job performance (p<0.005). Through the results of an empirical analysis that boss' transformational leadership had a correlation and a significant impact on job satisfaction and job performance, the effort of providing the systematic support and motivational aspects of supporting environment will be needed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

In this study, in order to analyze customers' space satisfaction, ten modern high-class Korean restaurants, five in New York and another five in Seoul, that were opened or remodeled after 2008 were selected and satisfaction characteristics survey of 197 customers who use these Korean restaurants was conducted by using Likert 5-point scale. The study results(a high reliability was obtained showing the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of average 0.895 for all questions) were analyzed for the frequency, percentage, mean, etc. and the mean between groups were comparatively analyzed by conducting the t-test, Duncan's test by using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program. The results are as follows. First, the results of customers general characteristic comparative analysis, all the Seoul and New York customers have comparatively high academic ability, high income and eating-out expenses. The main customers in Seoul were the women in their thirties and forties while those in New York were mainly in their forties and fifties both men and women at similar rate. Second, as to the satisfaction with the interior, the satisfaction with finishing materials was little higher in New York as Seoul (3.30 points) and New York (3.86 points). The satisfaction with color was relatively higher in Seoul (3.66 points) and relatively lower in New York (3.18 points). As the satisfaction with furniture and decorating accessories was relatively lower in both Seoul (3.10 points) and New York (3.48 points). The satisfaction with space size in Seoul (the total space size: 3.99 points, private space size; 3.90 points) was relatively higher than that in New York (the total space size: 3.46 points, private space size; 3.28 points). The satisfaction with interior and exterior in both Seoul (exterior: 3.63 points, interior: 3.40 points) and New York (exterior: 3.28 points, interior: 3.39 points) were average. For the satisfaction of environment, Seoul (3.42 points) was slightly lower than that of New York (3.56 points). Third, the result of customers' satisfaction in Seoul and New York showed no commonality. Therefore in order to be renewed as the Korean restaurants with high customer satisfaction, it is expected that the Korean restaurants located in Seoul and New York need to plan the space by considering their customers' characteristics and satisfactions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.538-542
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• 2015

The transverse moment of inertia is an indispensable factor in analyzing the roll motion characteristics of ships and the calculating method needs to be based on the more reasonable theories when deciding the value as the results and reliability of analysis could be much affected by the correctness. However, the mass distribution and shape of hulls are quite complicated and give much difficulties in case of calculating the value directly from the ship design data, furthermore even acquiring the detailed design data for calculation is almost impossible. Therefore some simpler ways are practically adopted in the assumption that the gyradius of roll moment can be decided by a given ratio and hull width. It is well known that the responses of the free roll decay are varied according to the value of roll moment in view of roll period and amplitude decay ratio, so that the general formula to get the moment value can be derived also from the observation of roll decay responses. This study presents how the roll period and decay ratio are interrelated each other from the roll motion characteristics with suggesting a general formula to be able to calculate roll moment from it. Finally, the obtained general formula has been applied to a ship data to check the resultant characteristics through analyzing graphs and showed that the roll moment becomes more accurate when rolling period and decay ratio are considered together in calculation.