• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2206-2211
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• 2012

To identify the effect of the aroma foot spa on the stress, 12 university students with stress were divided into control group (6 subjects) and aroma foot spa group (6 subjects). Control group was not subjected to any kind of intervention while aroma foot spa group was subjected to 10 minutes of foot bath using 5% Juniper, lavender and lemon essential oil and 10 minutes of foot massage using massage cream during four weeks, two times per week. As for the evaluation method, brain wave was studied to measure the amount of change in stress. After measuring the change in the brain wave before and after the experiment, it was proven that the aroma foot spa group s Alpha wave (Z=-2.364, p<.05) and SMR wave (Z=-1.981, p<.05) were higher than those of the control group. Moreover, when the pre and post experiment results of the aroma foot spa group were measured, it was proven that the Theta wave (Z=-2.366, p<.05) decreased while Alpha wave (Z=-2.371, p<.05) increased. In other words, aroma foot spa that included foot bath using essential oil and foot massage increased Alpha wave which in turn influenced the brain wave due to increased blood circulation resulting from muscle relaxation. Moreover, SMR wave increase was closely related to the change in Alpha wave, which demonstrates that SMR wave increased due to stress alleviation. Accordingly, it may be possible to assume that aroma foot spa is effective in relieving stress.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of direct and indirect methods of contract-relax techniques in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching for improving hamstring flexibility. Methods: Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either a direct contract-relax technique group or an indirect contract-relax group. For each group, stretching intervention was performed three times a week for a period of two weeks, with 12 seconds for the contraction and 10 seconds for the relaxation per once. The direct contract-relax technique for hamstring flexibility was applied by asking the subject to press down on the shoulder of the trainer in the straight leg-raising position. Conversely, the indirect contract-relax technique was performed by raising the leg with resistance. To facilitate a comparative analysis of hamstring flexibility between the two groups before and after the stretching intervention, two-way repeated ANOVA was performed. Hamstring flexibility for each group was measured using a passive straight leg-raising test. Results: The results showed significant improvement in hamstring flexibility for all subjects in the two groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, both direct and indirect contract-relax techniques are confirmed to be useful for improving hamstring flexibility. The choice of suitable technique has to be made individually according to the condition of each subject.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

Most of current works on the PEO-salt electrolytes has been focused on the enhancement of ionic conductivity with an addition of nano-ceramic fillers, but the significant drop of the conductivity with storage time is still in question and has been frequently overlooked. The conductivity drop with aging time has been assumed to come from the incorporation of ceramic particles. However, according to authors, the reported high-temperature values of the conductivity of pure $PEO_8LiCIO_4$ electrolytes are nearly in agreements, but the low temperature values are in great discrepancy reaching up to 10000 times. It indicates that the conductivity at ambient temperature is greatly dependent on the thermal history and sample preparations. In this paper, we showed that the ionic conductivities of both $PEO_8LiCIO_4$ and $PEO_8LiClO_4/Al_2O_3$ polymer electrolytes are strongly dependent on the thermal pretreatment and aging time. The conductivity drop with aging time of both ceramic-free and ceramic composite electrolytes has been measured to be nearly parallel. We showed that the conductivity relaxation with aging time is inherent irrespective of the incorporation of nano-ceramic fillers, since the PEO electrolytes at ambient temperature are in two-phase nature being in non-equilibrium state, never reaching completion.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1994

Effects of blanching on protein composition and texture in geoduck muscle during frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ were investigated. In frozen muscle, sarcoplasmic protein and myofibrillar protein were decreased, while alkali-soluble protein increased rapidly. During the storage of the blanched muscle(at $95^{\circ}C$ for 2 min.), sarcoplasmic and myofibrilla protein showed slow decreases. The muscle blanched for 2 min(BM) showed the best texture among the samples treated with various blanching times(at $95^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 3, and mins). In comparing the textures of BM with raw muscle, hardness of BM was similar raw muscle, and elasticity and stress relaxation of BM revealed lower levels than those of raw muscle, but break elongation and toughness were higher. In the changes of texture of raw muscle and BM during the frozen storage, as the storage time lengthened, hardness and toughness of both muscles were stronger, and both stress relaxations showed greatly decreases during initial storage(7 days), and break elongation level of raw muscle showed rapid increases in 100 days but there were no changes in that of BM, Elasticity of raw muscle gradually reduced during storage while that of BM increased.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2010

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'Dong Chu Gold Chim(DCG-chim, 東樞金鍼)' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qi-gong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qi-gong operation using DCG-chim objectively Methods : The present study was performed to elucidate the effects of DCG-chim stimulation of an acupuncture point Baihui($GV_{20}$) on the Electroencephalogram(EEG). Twenty healthy subject were treated with DCG-chim one time accompanied by the light and vertical pressure and EEG were measured during five minutes for three times (before, during and after treatment). The EEG results of DCG-chim treatment were compared with those of 'Filiform acupuncture(毫鍼)'. Results : EEG power spectra changed significantly after both kind of acupuncture stimulation. Significant increase of $\alpha$ wave and decrease of $\beta$ wave were observed but interestingly, Mid-$\beta$ and SMR of $\beta$ wave which mean the state of concentration were increased with statistically significant. According to these results, DCG-chim stimulation of Baihui($GV_{20}$) seems to lead to relaxation with antianxietic effect and improvement of concentration at the same time. Conclusions : It would be expected that the doctor can apply DCG-chim for treating anxiety, tension, symptom caused by stress and also can use it clinically for patients who have needlphopia or children as a non-invasive procedure. It is suggested that additional studies about the effect of DCG-chim on other acupuncture points and comparison study about the effect of DCG-chim with those of the finger-pressure treatment using other tool should be done in the future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 1999

It is already a well-known fact, that Korean attend the funeral ceremonies with their courteous etiquette being derived from their customs succeeded from the old ancient times to the contemporary one, regarding it as of great importance. Especially in the age of Lee Dynasty, the etiquette has been a way of Confucian ideas, which has exerted a harmful influences to Korean society due to the reflection of the dutiful conciousness to the tomb customs, and that the change of the burial site and its construction works became more and more serious and excessive. In the meantime, the population has been increased according to the development of the modern industrialization and the number of the dead has also been increased, which caused the issue on the effective use of the limited national land relating to the tomb culture, as the passing of the time. Consequently, in this study on the design of the charnel house, three aspects, humane aspect pursuing the human value, like naturalism or equalitarianism, circumstancial aspect presenting minimum space and convenient space, and formative aspect expressing convenient space, and formative aspect expressing convenient charnel function, unique form and symbolism, have been considered, in order that the tomb space could be transferred to the place for the meditation looking back the meaning of the life, or the place for the comfort. Above all, the special emphasis has been put on the creation of the tomb culture, harmonizing relaxation, exercise and refinement in everyone's life. And in order to realize it, the special interest and investment should be directed not only to the materialistic culture caused from the whole hearted devotion to the development for advancing society, but to the related parts to the value of the life or spiritual culture, such a sideology, culture or environment etc., which would be led to the entrance to the real advaced country members.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 1994

A polysaccharide, G009, isolated from Ganoderma lucidum IY 009, was subjected to investigating on general pharmacology. This material at the large oral doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg in mice did not exhibit any abnormal behaviors and another effects on central nervous system. It also had no influences on hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, rotarod test and spontaneous activity test at each oral dose of 1000 mg/kg in mice. No effects on the body temperature and on acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice were observed with its oral administration at 1000 mg/kg, and the convulsions induced by strychnine and pentetrazole were not inhibited at its oral doses of 1000 mg/kg in mice. The solution of G009 as given intravenously at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg in rabbit had no influences on blood pressure and respiration rates and depth. In isolated organs of rat uterus and fundus muscles and guineapig ileum and trachea, it did not show any contraction or relaxation at the concentrations of 2$\times$10$^{-3}$ g/ml, and the contractive actions produced by oxytocin, acetylcholine, serotonin and histamine were not inhibited at the same doses. This material showed no effect on intestinal propulsion test in mice and gastric secretion in rats at the oral doses of 1000 mg/kg. However, it is interesting that the material exhibited potent inhibition of acidified aspirin induced gastric damage at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg in rats.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop basic materials useful for the visiting management policies' establishment of national parks by analyzing the characteristics of and satisfaction with the visit to Hallyeohaesang National Park according to travel routes. For this, a total of 671 visitors to Hallyeohaesang National Park were recruited and field surveys were conducted three times in spring, summer, and fall from March to November 2017. The Hallyeohaesang national park's visitors were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire about visitor characteristics (ex: motivation of visiting, travel routes, travel time, and participating activities, etc.) and satisfaction (ex: satisfaction with the visit, intention to revisit, and intention to recommend). SPSS 21.0 program was used for the statistical analysis: frequency analysis and independent-samples t-test analysis. As a result of analysis the motivation of visiting, those who visited only Hallyeohaesang National Park (a single destination) showed a mean value statistically significantly higher level in health improvement and vacation, relaxation, and healing compared to those who had visited or would visit other places along with Hallyeohaesang National Park (multi-destinations). Single destination visitors spent less time traveling from home to national park than multi-destinations visitors. Those who visited only Hallyeohaesang National Park (as a single destination) showed a mean value statistically higher satisfaction and intention to revisit and recommend. The results of this research have significance in providing basic materials to develop efficient park management policies by studying the characteristics of Hallyeohaesang National Park visitors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-185
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effect of Kegel exercise using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) for 2 weeks on maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and abdominal muscle thickness based on previous studies. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20 healthy female students in their 20s. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Eleven subjects were assigned to the experimental group (EG) and 9 subjects were assigned to the control group (CG). Subjects measured MVV with a spirometer. In hooklying position, transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) of the dominant side were measured using ultrasound. For the measurement value, the average value of three times was adopted. After 2 weeks of intervention, the measurements were measured in the same way. In the EG, pelvic setting training using PBU was performed before Kegel exercise. The PBU was first placed at the waist in the Kegel exercise position and the starting pressure was set at 40 mmHg and adjusted to 60 mmHg through pelvic floor muscle contraction. After performing pelvic control using PBU, Kegel exercise was performed with 8 seconds of contraction, 8 seconds of relaxation, and 3 sets of 10 reps per set. A significance level of 𝛼=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : In the variable of MVV, a significant increase was confirmed in the EG (p<.05). In the abdominal muscle thickness variable, significant increases were confirmed in IO and TrA in the EG (p<.05). In addition, a significant increase in IO was confirmed in the CG (p<.05). Significant increases in IO and TrA were confirmed between groups (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the previous study, this study confirmed that Kegel exercise using a PBU had a positive effect on MVV and abdominal muscle thickness based on a 2-week intervention.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

When a new tunnel is excavated by the drill and blast method near pre-existing underground structures or tunnels due to the region restricted condition such as urban area, the ground will be relaxed by the excavation. In this case, issues can be created in terms of stability of pre-existing underground structures. One of major factors determining the stability of pre-existing underground structures can be a separation distance between pre-existing underground structures and a newly excavated tunnel. The region of ground relaxation defined by the plastic zone due to new excavation can be varied by separation distance. In this study, in other to estimate an influence of new tunnel excavation in terms of separation distance on the stability of pre-existing large pipelines, two-dimensional scaled model tests using plaster were performed for six models which have a different separation distance, The results show that based on the analysis of induced displacement during tunnel construction, the displacement decreases as the separation distance between large pipeline and new tunnel is increased until the distance is 2.5 times of pipeline diameter. Beyond this point, however, the displacement has become stabilized.