• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2017

To understand the changes in physical parameters and phytoplankton size structure caused by tides, a fixed station in the Youngsan River estuary was monitored at 2-h intervals, on April 28, 2012 and August 12, 2012. No clear relationship was observed between the temperature and salinity changes and tidal levels in April. However, in August, temperature decreased during the ebb tide and increased during the flood tide, while salinity showed the opposite trend. In addition, there was no specific change in the phytoplankton biomass corresponding to tidal levels in April. In August, the total chlorophyll a and the biomass of net phytoplankton (>$20{\mu}m$) increased almost 20 times during the ebb tide and decreased during the flood tide. The biomass of nanophytoplankton (<$20{\mu}m$) showed a similar variation in response to tidal level changes. In April, the relationship between percent contributions of phytoplankton size structure and tidal levels was not clear. In August, the net phytoplankton was dominant in the early stage and nanophytoplankton was dominant in the later stage, while contribution of nanophytoplankton and net phytoplankton increased at high tide and low tide, respectively. Therefore, in April, other factors such as freshwater discharge were more important than the tide, whereas in August, when no freshwater discharge was recorded, the changes in semidiurnal tides influenced the physical parameters and phytoplankton dynamics. These results could contribute to the understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in the Youngsan River estuary.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.185-200
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• 2016

지리학은 대체적으로 인간과 환경 간의 상호연관에 대해 관심을 가지고 있다. 특히, 인간과 환경 간의 연관성은 작은 도서국가의 환경이 변화하는 모습에서 나타난다. 태평양의 저지대 산호도인 투발루는 기후변화의 원인에 주된 책임을 갖고 있지 않지만 투발루의 인구압은 지속적으로 기후변화로 인한 자원의 이용불가능과 환경적 불안정성에 영향을 받고 있다. 환경지리학과 인구지리학의 맥락 속에서 투발루의 환경적 위기와 이주민에 대한 주변 태평양 도서국과의 관계를 살펴보려 한다. 투발루인의 이주는 인구과잉과 직면된 수용 능력면에서 어떠한 어려움을 겪고 있으며 국내, 국외 이주민의 정착상황에 대해 알아볼 것이다. 이 연구는 환경 변화의 관계에서 투발루인의 이주패턴, 담론 및 전망을 분석하면서 인구지리학적인 맥락에서 현대이주문헌을 조사하려 한다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2003

Although seagrasses are relatively abundant, few studies have been conducted on seagrass physiology and ecology in Korea. Zostera marina is the most abundant seagrass species, widely distributed throughout all coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. To examine seasonal dynamics and spatial variations of eelgrass, Zostera marina distributed on the coast of Korea, morphological characteristics, biomass, tissue nutrient constituents, leaf productivity and environmental factors were monitored monthly from the eelgrass beds in Kabae Bay and Kosung Bay on the south coast of the Korean peninsula from June 2001 to June 2002. Eelgrass density, biomass, morphological characteristics, leaf productivities, and tissue nutrient constituents exhibited clear seasonal variations, and these seasonal trends reflected seasonal changes in water temperature. Eelgrass shoot density and biomass at Kabae Bay site showed more obvious seasonal trends than Kosung Bay. No strong seasonality in Kosung Bay site appeared to be caused by high water temperature ($>30{\circ}C$) during summer months at this site. Despite differences in nutrient availabilities between two study sites, eelgrass biomass and leaf productivities were not significantly different between study sites, and this lack of spatial variations implies that the ambient nutrient availabilities at the present study sites are in excess of seagrass nutrient demand. Eelgrass tissue N content and sediment pore water DIN concentrations exhibited reverse relationship at the present study. This reverse relationship suggests in situ nutrient concentrations are not good indicator of nutrient availabilities, and regeneration and turnover rates of sediment nutrients are also important factors to determine nutrient availabilities at the site.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 동태적인 공급체인을 설정하여 개인의 의사결정 유형이 공급체인에서의 채찍현상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 설문조사, 실험, 그리고 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하고 있다. 공급체인 참여자의 의사결정 유형은 Rowe와 Boulgarides(1992)에 의해 만들어진 의사결정유형 측정목록을 통해 구분하였으며, 채찍효과는 공급체인에서의 최대주문량과 재고량을 중심으로 분석하였다. 공급체인 모델 설정시 주안점은 주문량 결정식이다. 공급체인 참여자들은 통상 고객에 대한 서비스 수준을 충족시킬 수 있으면서 동시에 재고 비용을 최소화시킬 수 있도록 적정 주문량을 결정하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 맥주배송게임을 통해 기본 공급체인 모델을 설정하고 설정된 공급체인 모델을 바탕으로 개인의 의사결정 유형에 따른 공급체인에서의 채찍현상을 시뮬레이션하였다. 연구결과 개인 의사결정유형에 따라 전체 공급체인에서의 채찍효과가 달리 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 기존의 개인의 특성이 공급체인에서의 채찍효과에 영향을 미친다는 연구결과와는 대조되는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 공급체인에서의 채찍현상의 원인을 규명하는 작업에서 조직이나 시스템 관점에서의 접근과 개인 특성 위주의 접근 중에서 전자에 비중을 실어주는 연구결과라고 할 수 있다. 즉 공급체인에서의 채찍현상을 제거하기 위해서는 구조나 시스템 차원에서의 개선이 이루어져야 함을 간접적으로 시사함을 본 연구의 의의로 들 수 있다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.151-176
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• 2023

본 연구는 지역 유통업자의 역할 성과를 자극-유기체-반응(SOR) 모델을 활용하여 비판적으로 검토하며, 시장 경쟁이 유기체(O) 및 반응(R) 요소에 미치는 조절적 영향을 고려한다. 종합적인 접근을 채택한 SOR 모델은 분배, 절차 및 상호 작용 불공정성을 포함한 외부 자극이 지각된 불공정성과 같은 내부 심리적 과정과 상호작용하여 수입업체의 장기 지향성을 형성하는 방식을 분석하는 포괄적인 프레임워크를 제시한다. 연구 수행을 위해 선행연구 검토를 바탕으로 설문지를 구성하였으며 한국 수출입기업을 대상으로 설문을 배포해 총 121부의 유효 표본을 획득하였다. 획득된 표본은 smart pls 3.0을 사용하여 가설을 검정하였다. 분석 결과, 경쟁적인 시장 역동성이 불공정성 인식과 유통업자의 장기 지향성 사이의 관계를 조절하는 것이 나타남으로써 시장 경쟁의 중추적인 역할을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 SOR 모형을 적용함으로써 수출입과 연계된 유통물류 분야의 이론적 지평을 넓혔으며, 외부 자극, 내부 심리적 과정 및 시장 경쟁 간의 상호작용에 대한 종합적인 이해를 제공했다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2023

In this paper, we examine the roles, mutual relationships, and guidelines for a healthy life as exemplified by the characters Santiago and Manolin in Ernest Hemingway's novel "The Old Man and the Sea" and use this content to compare the happy home life of elderly couples in Korea. Through a metaphorical exploration of the lives of elderly husbands and wives in Korean society, the study examines their significance as the core of the family, particularly during their senior years. Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" portrays Santiago as a unique embodiment of virtue and humanity. As an elderly male fisherman, he symbolizes a profound connection with the sea, as well as qualities such as courage, patience, and unwavering passion. His story underscores the importance of pursuing new goals and maintaining hope even in old age. The relationship between Santiago and Manolin provides insights into the dynamics of elderly husbands and wives in their domestic lives. Manolin's unwavering support for Santiago and his understanding of Santiago's dreams exemplify the significance of mutual support and the establishment of common goals for elderly couples. These characters serve as exemplary models for understanding and supporting one another within a family setting. Within the context of family life, applying these exemplary models and relationship dynamics fosters mutual respect, collaboration, emotional expression, and effective communication. Supporting each other and working towards common goals can enhance the family atmosphere, resolve conflicts, and enrich domestic life. Furthermore, when elderly couples share common goals and enjoy activities together, they strengthen their bond and create a more fulfilling family life. These shared activities deepen the affection between elderly husbands and wives and contribute to a thriving household. Through the characters of Santiago and Manolin in "The Old Man and the Sea," we present in this study a deeper understanding of the values and roles within the domestic lives and affection of elderly husbands and wives. Mutual respect, collaboration, emotional expression, communication, mutual support, common goals, hope, and shared domestic activities all play pivotal roles in maintaining a healthy family life and establishing happiness and well-being within the family. We expect this study to offer valuable insights into the fields of family studies, elderly welfare, and sociology.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

This study compares how mother-daughter differentiation influences solidarity and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The subjects of this study were 167 mothers-in-law (mean age, 59.6 years) paired with their sons-in-law (mean age, 36.9 years). Participants were given quantitative survey questionnaires on their relationships. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for the social and demographic characteristics of mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Ordinary least square multiple regression analyses were also conducted to examine the level of mother-daughter differentiation, solidarity, and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The results show that a higher age of the mothers-in-law results in lower relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Next, an increase the level of mother-daughter differentiation (which means more balance between intimacy and detachability) results in a higher overall solidarity, affectual solidarity, giving functional solidarity, and consensual solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the receiving functional solidarity and normative solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Finally, the results show that a higher level of mother-daughter differentiation produces a higher relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The findings could provide a better understanding of inter-generational relationships in Korean family dynamics. The results also have implications for providing counseling for the development of healthy relationships between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-76
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of marital relationship on parenting stress among dual- and single-earner families. In particular, this study focuses on the interaction effect of marital relationship and father's child-rearing involvement on the parenting stress. To access factors associated with parenting stress, we included marital satisfaction and marital conflict as the dimensions of marital relationship in this study. Method: We employed data from the 5th wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Our analysis sample consisted of 1,515 parents having at least one child aged under 4 years. Also, this study conducted descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: First of all, marital satisfaction and marital conflict were significantly related to parenting stress for both mother and father in dual-earner families. While both indicators were significantly related to parenting stress for father, marital conflict only was a significant predictor for mother in single-earner families. Second, father involvement was a significant predictor for parenting stress for father in both dual- and single-earner families. Third, interaction effects were found between father involvement and marital conflict in the dual-earner families and between father involvement and marital satisfaction in the single-earner families. Conclusions: Based on the results, we recommended programs designed to enhance father's child-rearing involvement such as parenting education and community-based campaign. In addition, we recommended that policy and practice need to identify marital relationship dynamics to promote father's involvement and to reduce marital conflict in both dual- and single-earner families accordingly.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2013

Customer satisfaction and customer relationship are crucial aspect in any enterprises including housing construction projects. In general, the housing developers are facing a number of new challenges in different countries including Libya. The construction industries/housing developers need to continuously improve their products and services to meet customers' satisfaction desires and to remain in the current competitive market. This paper focuses on analysing the satisfaction factors of customers including qualityaspects of products and services in the construction projects. A framework was developed to evaluate the dynamics relationship between customer satisfaction and quality products or services, aiming to help companies' managers and policy makers to understand the needs and points of view of their customers. Apragmatic analysis was conducted to explore and analyse the customer satisfaction factors in construction industry considering different aspect of customer groups in Libya. Results indicate that there is a high demand of improvements in the contractor's performance in terms of cost, time and quality of products. It was also found that Libyan construction companies have been forced to transform their policies after on Libyan war 2011 to focus on client and customer satisfactory policies, or say centric for the purpose of improving client requirements and turn the business into more advantageous for any company.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

Measuring the ground speed and the rotation speeds of tracks is an easy and realistic method to detect the track slips. It is very advantageous if the slips can be measured and applied to real time control of the vehicle. With a proper speed, the tractive force of a tracked vehicle may be calculated from the vehicle dynamics. For the control of tracked vehicle, the relationship between the slip and the tractive force is necessary. In this paper, a series of drawbar-pull tests, in which slips of two tracks are measured under the variational draw-bar weight, is executed to directly obtain the slip-tractive force relationship. For the purpose of the test, a tractive vehicle model was manufactured, and an artificial soil was simulated by using a bentonite-water mixture.