• The Korean Nurse
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.68-81
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• 1996

In order to see the development of nursing related research activities in Korea over the last three decades, abstracts of almost all of the Masters and Ph. D. theses that had appeared from 1961 up to August 1991 were collected. Number of theses amounted to 1779(76%) out of a total of 2354 theses. We analysed the papers research patterns, which are research problem, research design, population, place. Here is what we have found. 1). The types of research problems were as follows. 58.0% papers did factor-analysis, 29.1% studied factor~relations, 11.4% situation relations and 1.5% did situation~creations. With respect to the years, we found that the factor-analysis papers decreased with time but the factor~relating, the situation -relating, and the situation~creating papers were increased. Especially the situation-creating paper increased notably since the 80s'. Relating to the kind of degrees, we found that for M.S.theses 60.2% of the papers did factor-analysis, 29.0% the factor-relating studies, 10.4% the situation-relating studies, and 0.4% the situation -creating studies. For the Ph.D. theses 30.5% did the factor~relating, 30.5% the situation-relating. and 20.0% the situation-creating papers. Considering the graduate schools, we found that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education produced about the same number of papers of each kind, but 81.2% and 64.6% papers produced by the graduate school of public health and the graduate school of public administration, respectively, did the factor-analysis thus taking majority of the papers. 2). Research designs were as follows : 10.8% experimental studies, 89.0% non experimental studies, and 0.2% quality studies were found. So the majority of the research designs were nonexperimental. We see a meaningful difference between the M.S.theses showing 9.8% experimental studies and 90. 1% nonexperimental studies. and Ph.D. theses showing 28.4% experimental studies and 68. 4% nonexperimental studies. Relating to the graduate schools, we find that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education with 15.8% and 10.6% experimental studies respectively, did a little more experimental studies than other schools. but still the regular graduate schools, the graduate school of public health, and the graduate school of education each show 83.8%, 97.4%, and 89.4% nonexperimental studies, so most schools are concentrating on nonexperimental studies. 3). On the relation between research problem and research design, experimental studies show 88.0% of situation-relations and 6.8% of factor-relations. Nonexperimental studies had factor-analysis taking the majority by 64.4% and 31.9% were factor-relations. 4). On the research subjects, we have 90.8% of the papers dealing with a single subject and 9.2% of the papers dealing with two or more subjects. Most of the research subjects are patients or nurses for the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education, but for the graduate school of administration as much as. 60% of the studies took nurses as subjects. Subjects taken were patients, nurses. and students in decreasing order for the M.S. theses and for patients, women, and nurses again in decreasing order for the Ph.D.theses. 5). On the places of study, we've had 47, 8% of the studies done in hospital rooms, 15, 1% in schools, and 9, 6% in the local community, With respect to the years, we found 36.7% in the hospital rooms, 22.4% in the schools, and 14, 8% in the local communities in the 1970's and 50.1%in the hospital rooms, 13.4% in the schools. and 9, 2% in the local communities in the 80's.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2018

The Nonlinear dynamic response of a sandwich plate subjected to the low velocity impact is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The Hertz law between the impactor and the plate is taken into account. Using the Extended High Order Sandwich Panel Theory (EHSAPT) and the Ritz energy method, the governing equations are derived. The skins follow the Third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) that has hitherto not reported in conventional EHSAPT. Besides, the three dimensional elasticity is used for the core. The nonlinear Von Karman relations for strains of skins and the core are adopted. Time domain solution of such equations is extracted by means of the well-known fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of core-to-skin thickness ratio, initial velocity of the impactor, the impactor mass and position of the impactor are studied in detail. It is found that these parameters play significant role in the impact force and dynamic response of the sandwich plate. Finally, some low velocity impact tests have been carried out by Drop Hammer Testing Machine. The results are compared with experimental data acquired by impact testing on sandwich plates as well as the results of finite element simulation.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

When a human operator interacts with a virtual wall that is modeled as a virtual spring model, the lager the stiffness of the virtual spring is, the more realistic the operator feels that the virtual wall is. In the previous studies, it is shown that the maximum available stiffness of a virtual spring to guarantee the stability can be increased when the first-order-hold method is applied, however the effects of a human impedance on the stability are not considered. This paper presents the effects of a human impedance on stability of haptic system with a virtual spring and a first-order-hold (FOH) method. The human impedance model is modeled as a linear second-order system model. The relations between the maximum available stiffness of a virtual spring and the human impedance such as a mass, a damping and a stiffness are analyzed through the MATLAB simulation. It is shown that the maximum available stiffness is proportional to the square root of the human mass or damping respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.332-340
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relations on self-esteem, empathy and interpersonal relationship to reinforce competence in communication skills of nursing students. Method: Participants consisted of 84 entire 1st year students of a nursing college. Variables included self-esteem, empathy, interpersonal relationship and demographic variables. Data was analyzed by frequencies, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Satisfaction in nursing science of the subjects was 97.5% above average, Self understanding of the subjects was 93% above average. There were significant difference in self-esteem, empathy and interpersonal relationship among satisfaction in nursing science and self understanding of the subjects. Self-esteem positively correlated to empathy, empathy positively correlated to interpersonal relationship and interpersonal relationship positively correlated to self-esteem. Conclusion: In order to improve core competence in effective communication skills of nursing students, it is important to actively intervene for improving self-esteem and empathy and interpersonal relationship. Therefore, when organizing a communication subject of a nursing college, it is crucial to develop a program that leads to higher learning satisfaction of nursing study by improving self-esteem and empathy and interpersonal relationship skills.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.45-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a fundamental prevention of tax avoidance behaviors by individual businesses. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed factors surveyed individual business managers' disposition(type) of tax avoidance to determine factors influencing the avoidance, and proposed direction for further studies. Several hypotheses suggested here were verified to find that factors such as tax system, tax psychology, tax knowledge, social culture and the expectation of tax avoidance had effects on individual businesses' disposition of such avoidance. The multiple regression analysis made here showed that such factors as tax psychology, tax system and the expectation of tax avoidance affected the disposition of such avoidance and that the disposition was most influenced by tax system, followed by the expectation of tax avoidance and tax psychology in order. In conclusion, factors that have positive relations with tax avoidance, or tax burden and tax administration and those that have negative relations, or tax ethics and sanction are not helpful to preventing the avoidance. This is not consistent with previous results. Now behaviors of tax avoidance by individual businesses are prevailing and becoming more serious. In this sense, objective measurement devices should be developed to make possible further scientific studies about such behaviors. For the development, support by appropriate policies is needed.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2005

This paper introduces an approach to an ontology-based multi-level knowledge framework for a knowledge management system for discrete-product development. Participants in a product life cycle want to share comprehensive product knowledge without any ambiguity and heterogeneity. However, previous knowledge management approaches are limited in providing those aspects: therefore, we suggest an ontology-based multi-level knowledge framework (OBMKF). The bottom level, the axiom, specifies the semantics of concepts and relations of knowledge so ambiguity can be alleviated. The middle level is a product development knowledge map; it defines the concepts and the relations of the product domain knowledge and guides the engineer to process their engineering decisions. The middle level is then classified further into more detailed levels, such as generic product level, specific product level, product version level, and manufactured item level, according to the various viewpoints. The top level is specialized knowledge for a specific domain that gives the solution of a specific task or problem. It is classified into three knowledge types: expert knowledge, engineering function knowledge, and data-analysis-based knowledge. This proposed framework is based on ontology to accommodate a comprehensive range of knowledge and is represented with first-order logic to maintain a uniform representation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.157-172
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• 2020

This study attempts to analyze trade flows between Vietnam and China in order to understand the mutual influence of bilateral trade relations. China is a country with the world's leading economic potential. China and Vietnam are neighboring countries sharing a border of 1,281 km. Trade relations between the two countries are a necessity and, with a right policy, are beneficial to both. Vietnam has a trade deficit with China. This situation is exacerbated by the continuing rise in the gap. Vietnam trade deficit from China was USD12.5 billion in 2010, increasing to USD24 billion in 2018. Data are extracted from the 2015 national input-output tables of Vietnam and China as well as Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey statistics. The research identified 36 sectors of bilateral input-output trade between Vietnam and China. A bilateral output-input model is applied to analyze how final demand and use of input in the production of this country induces output and value added of the other country. The results show that China benefits more from Vietnam's production and consumption than Vietnam does. Vietnam's inter-sector structure does not stimulate domestic production due to the absence of supporting products as inputs in the production process.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.953-962
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• 2017

Purpose. This study was conducted in order to identify levels of stress and self-esteem related to clinical practices of dental hygiene department students. Methods. Data was collected from a group of 249 students from October to November 2015, in the Yeong-nam region. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics frequency and t-test, logistic regressions by a SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results. The results indicate that the characteristics of those who appeared to practice managing teaching was higher than that of the stress levels of clinical practice(p=.044). As well. personal relations(p=.013), degree of major satisfaction(p=.001), levels of satisfaction of practice(p=.019) resulted in higher levels of self esteem. The stress levels of clinical practice and high levels of satisfaction of practice were reduced and resulted in a dental hygienic negative correlation(p=.016). Self-esteem levels increased significantly according to personal relations(p=.001) and satisfaction of practice(p=.014). Conclusion. A strategy for development of a method to reduce the stress of clinical practice among individuals and an improvement of self-esteem programs which is necessary for dental hygiene students.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the relational logic of in-between code articles as well as within atomic sentences in Korean Building Code, as an intermediate research and development process for the automated building permit system of Korea. The approach depicted in this paper enables the software developers to figure out the logical relations in order to compose KBimCode and its databases. KBimCode is a computer-readable form of Korean Building Code sentences based on a logic rule-based mechanism. Two types of relational logic definition are described in this paper. First type is a logic definition of relation between code sentences. Due to the complexity of Korean Building code structure that consists of decree, regulation or ordinance, an intensive analysis of sentence relations has been performed. Code sentences have a relation based on delegation or reference each other. Another type is a relational logic definition in a code sentence based on translated atomic sentence(TAS) which is an explicit form of atomic sentence(AS). The analysis has been performed because the natural language has intrinsic ambiguity which hinders interpreting embedded meaning of Building Code. Thus, both analyses have been conducted for capturing accurate meaning of building permit-related requirements as a part of the logic rule-based mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-131
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• 1995

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the relations between infant-mother attachment and maternal sensitivity, maltreatment, stress, and childhood experience, and (2) relations between infant-mother attachment and infant temperament. The subjects of the study were 55 14 to 20 month-old infants (27 boys and 28 girls) and their mothers in Seoul. In order to assess the patterns of infant-mother attachment, each infant-mother dyad was videotaped in the modified Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Each dyad was filmed for 3 minutes in the Questionnaire Situation of Smith and Pederson(Smith, & Pederson, 1988) to assess maternal sensitivity responding to infant's cues. Each mother also was interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire made by author to measure maternal maltreatment. Each mother was asked to complete three Likert-type questionnaires, containing Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Abidin, 1990) to measure the maternal stress, Mother-Father Peer Scale (MFPS) (Epstein, 1983) to measure childhood experience, and Emotionality, Activity, Sociality (EAS) (Buss, & Plomin, 1984) to measure infant's temperament. The statistical procedures used for data analyses were correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient. The results showed that (1) mothers of insecure-avoidant infants maltreated their infants more than mothers of secure infants, and (2) in the multiple regression analysis, maternal maltreatment was predicted by maternal education, maternal stress (parent domain), and maternal childhood experience in relation to her own mother (acceptance vs. rejection).