• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.834-848
• /
• 2013

To effectively use these functions many kinds of human-phone interface are used such as touch, voice, and gesture. However, the most important touch interface cannot be used in case of hand disabled person or busy both hands. Although eye tracking is a superb human-computer interface method, it has not been applied to smartphones because of the small screen size, the frequently changing geometric position between the user's face and phone screen, and the low resolution of the frontal cameras. In this paper, a new eye tracking method is proposed to act as a smartphone user interface. To maximize eye image resolution, a zoom lens and three infrared LEDs are adopted. Our proposed method has following novelties. Firstly, appropriate camera specification and image resolution are analyzed in order to smartphone based gaze tracking method. Secondly, facial movement is allowable in case of one eye region is included in image. Thirdly, the proposed method can be operated in case of both landscape and portrait screen modes. Fourthly, only two LED reflective positions are used in order to calculate gaze position on the basis of 2D geometric relation between reflective rectangle and screen. Fifthly, a prototype mock-up design module is made in order to confirm feasibility for applying to actual smart-phone. Experimental results showed that the gaze estimation error was about 31 pixels at a screen resolution of $480{\times}800$ and the average hit ratio of a $5{\times}4$ icon grid was 94.6%.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 2006

RFID/USN is important infrastructure of the ubiquitous society. And so, It is various and practical research is attempted. These two base technology have physical characteristic and complement relationship. Like this relationship is applied Following example that is system research which manages warehouse stocks and conditions. First, We adhere RFID Tag at the Pallet of the warehouse and do identification goods. And then, It grasps the environment state information of stocks with sensor module which has Zigbee wireless communication function. From like this process RFID Tag information and jop-control command of sensor node also it is exposed to air. Therefore, We control sensor node in USN/RFID environment through the mobile device. And system design for the security Apply of the process is main purpose of this paper's. We propose the condition and function of the mobile device to the secondary. And We define the relation of the sensor node with RFID to be arranged to a warehouse. Finally, This paper is designed to find a trade-off of the following viewpoints. First, We offer suitable sensor-control information to a actual manager. Second, We offer RFID tag security approach to control the action of the sensor. Third, It increases the survivability of sensor node form.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1992년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 울산대학교, 울산; 01월 02일 May 1992
• /
• pp.436-443
• /
• 1992

Presented in the paper is a systematic approach to constructing a Petri net model of FAS (flexible assembly system). Petri net is widely used in modeling automated manufacturing systems. But, it found to be very difficult for an FA engineer to build a correct model of an FAS with Petri net symbols (ie, place, transition, and token) from the beginning. An automated manufacturing system in general is built from a set of "standard" hardware components. An FAS in particular is usually composed of assembly robots, work tables, conveyor lines, buffer storages, part feeders, etc. In the proposed modeling scheme, each type of standard resources is represented as a standard "module" which is a sub Petri net. Then, the model of a FAS can be conveniently constructed using the predefined modules the same way the FAS itself is built from the standard components. The network representation of a FAS is termed a JR-net (job resource relation net) which is easy to construct. This JR net is then mechanically converted to a formal Petri net (to simulate the behavior of the FAS). The proposed modeling scheme may easily be extended to the modeling of other types of automated manufacturing systems such as FMS and AS/RS.ch as FMS and AS/RS.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2003

이 논문은 산업적으로 생산되는 제품의 개인화를 위한 디자인 방법과 그 과정을 연구하고, 그 결과로서 단위 구성 시스템 디자인을 제안하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 산업사회에서의 개인화를 밝히고, 시스템적 접근법으로 산업적 생산제품의 사용과정을 분석하여 사용과정의 시스템을 규명하는 것에서 출발하고 있다. 사용과정의 시스템은 산업제품의 기능과 연관되어 있다. 따라서 산업제품의 기술 시스템 이론을 적용하여 사용 과정의 시스템을 구성하는 단위를 정의하고, 그 단위로 구성되는 시스템의 디자인을 열린 시스템으로서 규명한다. 그리고 개인용 컴퓨터를 대상으로 한 단위 구성 시스템의 실천적 구현을 통해 그 타당성과 한계를 밝히고 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.797-803
• /
• 2012

In this paper, for minimizing the real-time operating load losses of the power transformer, a SCADA optimum operating system was developed, and the economic analyses on the test operation were performed. Transformer loss DB which reflects the economic integration operation criteria was constructed by referring the transformer manufacturer's loss data(iron loss, copper loss). Based on the loss DB, each substation transformer real-time loss was calculated according to the size of the transformer loads, and if integration or separation transformer operating conditions minimizing the loss are met, then a window pops-up and the dispatcher performs the substation equipments operation according to the procedure provided by this system. With the existing SCADA main program, the relation database of the substation facilities and integration/separation operation algorithm were developed and applied to Auto MTR Processor and pconn Processor Task module. Seven stations test data for seven months were analyzed for the economic analyses, and the results showed that Cost-Benefit ratio was 2.64, and IRR(Internal Rate of Return), 36%, which asserted the economic justification of the proposed system.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2016

Background Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a benign condition. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, it can be cured completely, leaving no residual deformity. However, long-standing, untreated CMT can lead to permanent craniofacial deformities and asymmetry.Methods Nineteen patients presented to the author with congenital muscular torticollis. Three dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) scans was obtained upon patient’s admission. Adjustment of skull’s position to Frankfort horizontal plan was done. Cervical vertebral segmentation was done which allowed a 3D module to be separately created for each vertebra to detect any anatomical or positional changes.Results The segmented vertebrae showed an apparent anatomical changes, which were most noticeable at the level of the atlas and axis vertebrae. These changes decreased gradually till reaching the seventh cervical vertebra, which appeared to be normal in all patients. The changes in the atlas vertebra were mostly due to its intimate relation with the skull base, while the changes of the axis were the most significantConclusion Cervical vertebral segmentation is a reliable tool for isolation and studying cervical vertebral pathological changes of each vertebra separately. The accuracy of the procedures in addition to the availability of many software that can be used for segmentation will allow many surgeons to use segmentation of the vertebrae for diagnosis and even for preoperative simulation planning.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2021

It is necessary to respond to rapid technological changes such as the 4th industrial revolution and digital transformation across industries. And, a change in the university education system is necessary in a crisis situation of universities due to the rapid decrease of the school-age population. This study is aimed at practical competency with the ability to apply intelligent information technology to their job fields based on a basic understanding of intelligent information technology rather than advanced competency centered on theory and research. Instead of presenting the curriculum system diagram so that it can be flexibly applied to the design and development of the curriculum for intelligent information technology, training modules according to job and level were presented. In relation to intelligent information technology, a questionnaire was conducted for college professors, and industry experts were conducted on the derived educational modules to reflect the opinions of the industry. Industry experts said that collaboration with PBL, Capstone, and industry is necessary to improve problem-solving and communication skills.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3942-3961
• /
• 2019

Recently, the models of deep super-resolution networks can successfully learn the non-linear mapping from the low-resolution inputs to high-resolution outputs. However, for large scaling factors, this approach has difficulties in learning the relation of low-resolution to high-resolution images, which lead to the poor restoration. In this paper, we propose Stage Generative Adversarial Networks (Stage-GAN) with semantic maps for image super-resolution (SR) in large scaling factors. We decompose the task of image super-resolution into a novel semantic map based reconstruction and refinement process. In the initial stage, the semantic maps based on the given low-resolution images can be generated by Stage-0 GAN. In the next stage, the generated semantic maps from Stage-0 and corresponding low-resolution images can be used to yield high-resolution images by Stage-1 GAN. In order to remove the reconstruction artifacts and blurs for high-resolution images, Stage-2 GAN based post-processing module is proposed in the last stage, which can reconstruct high-resolution images with photo-realistic details. Extensive experiments and comparisons with other SR methods demonstrate that our proposed method can restore photo-realistic images with visual improvements. For scale factor ${\times}8$, our method performs favorably against other methods in terms of gradients similarity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain catastrophizing, acceptance, and quality of life in relation to chronic low back pain in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. We also analyze the effect of personality in catastrophizing and acceptance. Methods: A total of 52 chronic low back pain patients were enrolled as participants from 2 hospitals in Jakarta (43 females, 9 males, mean age 54.38 years). Participants completed a set of self-reported questionnaires: the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-Revised (CPAQ-R), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Pain Discomfort Module (PDM). Results: This study showed that acceptance increased the patient's quality of life by giving physical relief from pain. In contrast, pain catastrophizing decreased the quality of life, and increased the patients' tendency to get frustrated, irritated, and anxious about the pain. From a personality perspective, the trait neuroticism may lead to a higher level of pain catastrophizing. Conclusions: This study showed that catastrophizing, compared with acceptance, had a greater impact on the patient's life by reducing its quality.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.562-571
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 분야 온톨로지 구축을 위하여 분야 상위 온톨로지를 구축한 다음, 분야 시소러스의 개념과 관계를 이용하여 분야 상위 온톨로지를 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 우선 일반분야 시소러스와 분야 사전을 이용하여 분야 상위 개념 분류체계를 구축한다. 다음, 분야 시소러스의 개념을 분야 상위 온톨로지의 상위 개념으로 분류하고, 광의어(Broader Term: BT)-협의어(Narrower Term: NT) 및 광의어-관련어(Related Term: RT) 사이의 관계를 분야 상위 온톨로지에서 정의한 의미관계로 분류한다. 개념 분류는 두 단계로 진행되는데, 1단계에서는 빈도수 기반 방법, 2단계에서는 유사도 기반방법을 적용하여 시소러스 개념을 분야 상위 온톨로지의 개념으로 분류한다. 관계 분류에서는 두 가지 방법을 적용하였는데, (i) 훈련데이타가 부족한 경우를 위하여 규칙기반 방법으로 BT-NT/RT관계를 iso와 기타 관계(non-isa관계)로 분류하고, 다시 패턴기반 방법으로 non-isa관계를 온톨로지를 위한 의미관계로 분류한다. (ii) 훈련데이타를 충분히 가지고 있을 경우, 최대 엔트로피 모델(MEM)을 적용한 특징기반 분류 기법을 사용하되, k-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN)방법으로 훈련데이타를 정제하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 시스템을 구축하였고, 실험 결과 사람에 의한 판단 결과와 비교 가능한 성능을 보여 주었다.