• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physiological and behavioral factors on the bone density of 125 middle aged women who visited Saint Bundo Hospital. 16.1% of subjects had osteoporosis and 40.3% had osteopenia according to the measurement of the bone density of lumbar spine. Mean age was 56.9 in osteoporosis group and 53.7 in osteopenia group. It was significantly different from the mean age of control group, 50.7. The mean bone density of the women who had menarche after 15 years old was significantly lower than that of the women who had menarche before 15. But the age of menopause, the total year of menstruation, irregularity of the menstrual cycle and percentage of subjects who had ovariectomy were not significantly different among osteoporosis, osteopenia and control group. The use of medication such as oral contraceptive, steroid, depressant, diuretic, and Ca supplement and the preference of salty food were not significantly different among three groups. The percentage of subjects who had rheumatism, gastric ulcer, and pain in neck or shoulder was higher in osteoporosis and osteopenia group than in control group. This study shows that the age and the age of menarche affect the bone density, and that behavioral factors were not sig nificantly different in osteoporosis and osteopenia group compared to the control group. Further researches are needed to find out the effective way to minimize the effect of age and other physiological conditions on the decrease of bone density.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2008

Cirsium japonicum water extracts has been used to treat vascular related diseases. We have previously reported that Cirsium japonicum extracts activated estrogen receptors. It is widely known that estrogen increases the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease the low density lipoprotein cholesterol on the lipid profile. But effects of Cirsium japonicum on lipid profile are not reported yet. Therefore, we have studied the effects of Cirsium japonicum on the lipid content in ovariectomized rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of $210{\pm}20\;g$ were studied for 10 weeks. The rats were divided into five groups; (I) sham, no ovariectomized rats plus olive oil, (II) ovariectomized rats plus olive oil, (III) ovariectomized rats plus 0.5 mg/kg $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in olive oil, (IV) ovariectomized rats plus 0.5 mg/kg Cirsium japonicum in olive oil, and (V) ovariectomized rats plus 5 mg/kg Cirsium japonicum in olive oil. Treatment with Cirsium japonicum or E2 induced significant reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to control group as well as increase in uterine weight. However, changes in triglycerides levels were different. Our results suggest that Cirsium japonicum is functionally similar to E2 in vivo as well as in vitro.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study deals with the traffic accidents classified by the traffic analysis zone. The purpose is to develop the accident density models by using zonal traffic and socioeconomic data. METHODS : The traffic accident density models are developed through multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, three multiple linear models were developed. The dependent variable was traffic accident density, which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic accidents. The independent variables were various traffic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS : Three traffic accident density models were developed, and all models were statistically significant. Road length, trip production volume, intersections, van ratio, and number of vehicles per person in the transportation-based model were analyzed to be positive to the accident. Residential and commercial area ratio and transportation vulnerability ratio obtained using the socioeconomic-based model were found to affect the accident. The major arterial road ratio, trip production volume, intersection, van ratio, commercial ratio, and number of companies in the integrated model were also found to be related to the accident.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to collect basic data which are prerequisite for quantitative analysis of coal logging data. The study involves laboratory measurements of physical properties such as seismic velocities (P,S-waves), resitivity and density of domestic and imported foreign coals. The relationships between these properties were analyzed by using cross-plots. Correlation between the physical properties of coal and the results of chemical analysis (calorie, fixed carbon, ash, moisture, volatile matter and sulfur contents) was also studied to obtain ideas about coal quality analysis using logging data. Summarized results are as follows: 1. $V_P$ is exponentialy related to $V_S$. And the average value of $V_P$ is about l.8 times as large as $V_S$. 2. Since coal has very low density compared with surrounding sedimentary rocks, density logging is appeared to be the best method for identifying coal seams and evaluating their qualities. 3. For the case of domestic coals, the ash contents and calorie show a perfect inverse relationship. Since the density increases as increase of ash content with a well-defined functional form, the ash content of domestic coals can be estimated by density measurements. 4. Because of low ash content, low density and high resistivity, foreign coals and domestic lignites are easily distinguished from domestic coals.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

NR composites with different curing systems were aged thermally at 60, 70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 2-185 days in a convection oven, and the changes in the crosslink density were investigated as a function of the accelerated thermal aging. The overall crosslink densities increased with increasing aging time irrespective of the aging temperatures and curing systems. The changes in crosslink density were enhanced by increasing the aging temperature. The degree of the increased crosslink density was in the following order: "the conventional cure system > the semi-EV system > the EV system". For short term thermal aging, the change in crosslink density with the aging time was complicated, particularly for low temperature aging. The activation energies of the change in crosslink density with thermal aging using the conventional and semi-EV cure systems increased and then remained relatively constant with increasing aging time, whereas that of the specimen with an EV cure system tended to increase linearly. The experimental results were explained by the dissociation of the existing polysulfidic linkages and the formation of new cross links through the crosslinking-related chemicals remaining in the sample.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1991

AUC공정으로 제조된 $UO_2$분말을 사용하여 소결체를 제조하여 미세 조직과 기공특성에 대하여 시험하였다. 개기공은 소결밀도 증가에 따라서 감소하였으며, 소결밀도 10.45 g/㎤ 이상에서는 거의 소멸하였다. 3$\mu$m보다 작은 크기의 둥근 기공이 모든 밀도에서 나타났고 낮은 밀도에서는 이것외에도 긴 기공이 관찰되었다. 같은 크기의 기공일지라도 밀도가 낮아지면 기공이 더욱 길게 나타났다. 기공크기에 따른 기공 면적의 분포는 mono 모우드이고, 2~3$\mu$m 기공크기에서 최대치를 보이는 분포를 보였다. 또한 밀도가 감소할수록 큰 기공에 관련된 면적이 증가하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.147-152
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• 1999

Distribution of fracture system is an important factor to analyse instability of jointed rock slope. In the most case of rock slopes, joint distribution properties are related to potential, shape, size and locality of slope failure. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of fracture characterization related to rock slope failure. Fracture data used in this study are collected by scanline survey. Two aspects of fracture characterization for rock slope are handled in this study First, In order to determine the potential and shape of slope failure, trace length of joints is considered as the weighting factor about collected orientation data. Second, Relationship between trace length and spacing is analysed to estimate failure location and size. The distribution of fracture system is directly influenced on wedge failure. It is effective to analyse the orientation of fractures by using weighting factors associated with the trace length of fractures rather than to analyse only that of fractures. It gives a conclusion that the wedge failure occurred along the peak of fracture density(or intensity) cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2003

This article presents a new family of the estimating functions related with minimum distance estimations, and discusses its relationship to the family of the minimum density power divergence estimating equations. Two representative minimum distance estimations; the minimum $L_2$ distance estimation and the minimum Hellinger distance estimation are studied in the light of the theory of estimating equations. Despite of the desirable properties of minimum distance estimations, they are not widely used by general researchers, because theories related with them are complex and are hard to be computationally implemented in real problems. Hopefully, this article would be a help for understanding the minimum distance estimations better.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and mobidity with osteoporotic fracture. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of on the bone mass and its related factors in estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporsis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 14th day after ovariectomy-surgery, rats were administered with DBE, extract of Dioscorea batatas, per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of DBE. Osteoporetic rats showed lower serum estrogen level, higher body weight than normal rats, and showed atrophy of uterine horns. DBE showed inhibitory effect on bone loss in osteoporetic condition, and reduced the increase of ALP activity and osteocalcin level in serum, and reduced the increase of OH-proline level in urine. But, DBE had no effect on cell proliferation and ALP activity in rat calvarial cell culture.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 1998

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of senescence on the binding properties of muscarinic receptors in the neostriatum of young (3 months), middle-aged (18 months) and aged (33 months) male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway hybrid rats by employing direct binding of selective radiolabeled antagonists. Using the selective M, muscarinic receptor antagonist, $[^3H]$AF-DX384, as the ligand, no significant difference in the maximal receptor density (Bmax) was observed in the neostriatum among any age-groups. In contrast, with the selective M, receptor antagonist, $[^3H]$4-DAMP, a significant increase in the number of muscarinic receptors was observed in neostriatal membrane fractions prepared from the aged animals relative to that observed in the young rats. For each ligand there was no age-related change in its affinity (Kd) for the muscarinic receptors. These results indicate that the observed age-related changes in the muscarinic receptor density may not be necessarily decremuntal and depend upon the muscarinic receptor subtype examined.