• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1974

For the manufacture of the silver-yellow glass, silver nitrate was used as a colorant in the base glass of $K_2O$-CaO-$SiO_2$ system. The latter in which the optimum condition was revealed showing beautiful yellow color had been selected among others after the preparatory studies to choose base glass. Other base glass systems considered were $Na_2O$-CaO-$SiO_2$, $R_2O$-PbO-$SiO_2$ and $R_2O$-PbO-BaO-$SiO_2$. The color developed on the specimen in various conditions was examined, using spectorphotometer, in term of the changes in absorbance with wavelength in the visible range. Experimental variables were the amount of the colorant and the additives, reheating temperature and time. The additives such as ZnO, BaO, $B_2O_3$ and $As_2O_3$ were added to increase the coloring action. It was observed that as the amount of silver increased in the base glass the absorbance around $410{\mu}m$ showed the increasing tendency, but the width of absorption curve was wider. Hence, the optimum amount of silver appeared to be 0.11~0.12%. It was found that ZnO was effective additive when present about 0.1%, while $As_2O_3$ ineffective rather retarding the coloration. Borax and $BaCO_3$ were proved effective when contained separately, but appeared ineffective when coexisted. Proper reheating temperature and time was ranged 550~$580^{\circ}C$ and 50~60 minutes. The higher the reheating temperature and the longer the reheating time, the absorbance was increased, while the width of absorption curve was wider. The colored glass prepared in the present experimental condition was found to have good water-resistance for the decorative purpose.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

상용급 재가열로 내부 소재 온도 측정을 위하여 특수 제작된 시험용 시편을 사용하고, 실시간 온도 예측을 위하여 선형화 된 열모델이 적용되었다. 적용된 로는 Walking Beam Type이고 소재의 형상은 폭 160mm, 높이 160mm, 길이 8100mm의 STS302 재질이며 온도 측정을 위해 폭, 높이와 길이 방향으로 총 6개의 열전대를 설치하였다. 로내의 분위기 온도는 섭씨 1265도까지 상승시켰으며 소재의 장입부터 토출까지 약 2.5시간이 소요되었다. 시험결과, 토출 시 소재의 온도는 섭씨 1256~1259도 범위에서 평균적으로 1257도 였으며, 열모델을 통한 예측된 평균 온도는 1251도로 나타났다. 따라서 해석과 시험결과의 편차는 6도 정도로서, 이는 산업계에서 요구되는 10도 이내의 범위에 있다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

This paper presents an algorithmic type computing technique of process coefficient in predicting model of temperature for reheating furnace and also suggests a design method of neural network model to find an adequate value of process coefficient for arbitrary operating conditions including test conditons. The proposed neural network use furnace temperature, line speed and slab information as input variables, and process coefficient is output variable. Reasonable process coefficients can be obtained by an algorithmic procedure proposed in this paper using process data gathered at test conditons. Also, neural network model output equal process coefficient under same input conditions. This means that adquate process coefficients can be found by only computing neural network model without additive test even if operating conditions vary.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2007

The effect of solid content on the physicochemical properties of rice porridge after reheating. The concentration of rice porridge was classified as solid content (12%, 10%, and 8%) by traditional Korean cooking methods. For reheating, packed rice porridge was boiled in water for 3 min and then cooled at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$). The viscosity, soluble solid content and reducing sugar content of the rice porridge increased according to the solid content, while the blue value decreased. After reheating, the viscosities ($25^{\circ}C$) of all rice porridges decreased to 2.9-8.4%, compared to those of freshly made rice porridge, whereas the soluble solid content and reducing sugar content increased inversely according to the solid content of rice porridge. The SDI (starch digestion index) increased according to the solid content, whereas SDS (slowly digestible starch) the lowest in the solid content 12% porridge. Based on these results, it is favorable that the viscosity decrease after reheating was to be considered to ready-to eat rice porridges preparation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.482-491
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• 2010

In conventional air-handling units, when the circulated air from the air-conditioned space pass through the cooling coil, the air is over-cooled to eliminate the moisture as well as to decrease the temperature. The purpose of this study is to estimate the thermal performance and energy saving of the cooling/reheating system using heat exchanger which can save both cooling energy and reheating energy by exchanging heat between the cooled air and reheated air. The energy balance equations to estimate the state of the air for each components were provided and the heat transfer rates and the energy saving rates for the system were calculated from the equations. The results showed that the energy saving was up to 40% under present conditions, and saving rates were significantly affected by the air velocity, inlet conditions and the effectiveness of heat exchanger.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1993

Recently, several high-tensile steels(e.g. 80kg and above, $2^{1/4}Cr$-1Mo)having good quality to high temperature and pressure-resistance are widely used to construct petroleum-plant and pressure vessel of heat or nuclear-power plant. However, in the steels, reheating crack at grain boundaries of the heat affected zone(HAZ) occures during post welding heat treatment(PWHT)to remove welding residual stress. In order to study theoretically the characteristics of reheating crack created by PWHT, the computer program of three-dimensional thermal-elasto-plasto-creep analysis based on finite element method are developed, and then the mechanical behavior(history of creep strain accumulation and stress relaxation, etc)of welded join in thick plate during PWTH is clarified by the numerical results.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2003

This study deals with the use of the conjugate gradient method for the simultaneous estimation of two unknown boundary heat fluxes on the slab in reheating furnace. Temperature measurements by the experiment are used in the inverse analysis. The heat flux estimations for three different cases of measurement locations in the slab are performed: non-skid, skid, and shift-skid zones. The estimated heat fluxes for three cases indicated the three regions having local peak values of heat fluxes. The estimated temperatures at measurement locations were in good agreements with the measured temperatures within 5% relative error.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.254-259
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• 2001

This study deals with the use of the conjugate gradient method for the simultaneous estimation of two unknown boundary heat fluxes on the slab in reheating furnace. Temperature measurements by the experiment are used in the inverse analysis. The heat flux estimations for three different cases of measurement locations in the slab are performed: non-skid, skid, and shift-skid zones. The estimated heat fluxes for three cases indicated the three regions having local peak values of heat fluxes. The estimated temperatures at measurement locations were in good agreements with the measured temperatures within 5% relative error.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 1999

Semi-Solid Forming Process(Thixoforming, Rheocasting) is a novel forming process which has some advantages compared with conventional die casting, squeeze casting and hot/cold forging. In this study. Thixoforming process was selected as analysis processing in terms of billet handling and easiness of automation process. The Thixoforming process consists of reheating process of billet, billet handling, filling inot the die cavity and solidification of SSM part. In filling process, two rheology models which were Newtonian and Non-Nettonian model (Ostwald-deWaele)were verified with experimental results. The Ostwald-deWaele model shows the good agreement to the real flow and filling phenomena in die cavity. To give a boost the economical efficiency of Thixoforming process and to ensure the good forming result, reheating device coupled die set was proposed and the initial billet temperature for system that was found from experimental resluts. This study presents an overview of application of numerical analysis for simulation of semi-solid metal forming process to reduce the lead time for development of manufacturing part in industrial field.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2011

Three dimensional simulations were performed for the deformation of a slab in a roller hearth type slab reheating furnace. The main objective of this study was to examine the deformation pattern of the slab due to the shadow effect, i.e., the temperature difference between the upper and lower slab surfaces, in particular, the variations of displacement and effective stress in the vertical direction. A commercially available FE code, ANSYS Workbench $12.1^{TM}$, was used in a fully coupled thermo-elasticity analysis. Several cases with different slab surface temperatures were selected for the simulations. For the sake of simplicity, the temperature environment inside the furnace was assumed to be homogeneous for the upper and lower faces of the slab. Two cases of with different slab width were selected as model geometry. The deformation patterns were computed and explained in terms of periodicity and symmetry. The results indicated that the shadow effect leads to a significant displacement in the vertical direction and, thereby, is one of the main reasons for the separation of the slab and its supports. These simulations also predicted that the deformation is more severe along the transverse direction than along the longitudinal direction.