• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-295
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• 2019

Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY) is a regulator of both transcription and actin filament assembly. The actin-regulatory activity of JMY is based on a cluster of three actin-binding Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (WH2) domains that nucleate actin filaments directly and promote nucleation of the Arp2/3 complex. In addition to these activities, we examined the activity of JMY generation in early embryo of mice carrying mutations in the JMY gene by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome engineering. We demonstrated that JMY protein shuttled expression between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Knockout of exon 2, CA (central domain and Arp2/3-binding acidic domain) and NLS-2 (nuclear localization signal domain) on the JMY gene by CRISPR/Cas9 system was effective and markedly impeded embryonic development. Additionally, it impaired transcription and zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-related genes. These results suggest that JMY acts as a transcription factor, which is essential for the early embryonic development in mice.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2021

Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) is a member of interferon-regulated transcription factor family and is known to play an important role in the innate immune response against viral infections. In this study, the expression of IRF3 in different tissues, developmental stages, and stocking densities of olive flounder was investigated. The expression of IRF3 was observed to gradually increase in early-stage juvenile fish. The highest expression was observed in later-stage juvenile fish when immune tissues were formed. High IRF3 expression was observed in the muscles and the brain tissues. The expression of IRF3 was observed in fish at different stocking densities after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. It yielded an interesting expression pattern in the muscles and the brain tissues of fish stocked at low density. These observations can be used as basic data for the study of the expression of immune response-related genes against viruses based on stocking density and immune systems in other fish species.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2009

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in host defense by sensing invading microbial pathogens and initiating innate immune responses. The stimulation of TLRs by microbial components triggers the activation of myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-${\beta}$ (TRIF)-dependent downstream signaling pathways. Isoliquiritigenin (ILG), an active ingredient of Licorice, has been used for centuries to treat many chronic diseases. ILG inhibits the MyD88-dependent pathway by inhibiting the activity of inhibitor-${\kappa}B$ kinase. However, it is not known whether ILG inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ILG, we examined its effect on signal transduction via the TRIF-dependent pathway of TLRs induced by several agonists. ILG inhibited nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ and interferon regulatory factor 3 activation induced by lipopolysaccharide or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. ILG inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 as well as interferon-inducible genes such as interferon inducible protein-10, and regulated activation of normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). These results suggest that ILG can modulate TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLRs, leading to decreased inflammatory gene expression.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

Purpose - In recent years, many companies include franchises have acquire customers by making an online stores and they are carrying out permission marketing activities with e-mail and SMS. Permission marketing requires voluntary customer approval for receiving commercial messages such as cross-selling and upselling. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to induce the customer's acceptance. The purpose of this study is to examine which type of different messages can affect higher in consumer persuasion. Thus, we investigated the impact of descriptive norm message on intention of reception in an online store context, and its interaction with chronic regulatory focus. Research design, data, and methodology - This study hypothesized that the descriptive norm message would affect positive influences to consumers' intension of reception. Specially, this study inquired into whether the interaction effect between descriptive norm and regulatory focus. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design with message type (general message and descriptive norm message) and regulatory focus(promotion focus and prevention focus) as independent variables. Participants of the experiment were assigned to one of 2 kind experimental situations randomly according to characteristics of message type. A total of 131 participants (descriptive norm message: 65, general message: 66) responded for this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and two-way ANOVA. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, we found main effects of the descriptive norm message. The intention of reception were significantly higher in the descriptive norm message rather than general message as in previous researches. Second, interaction effect between the descriptive norm message and regulatory focus was significant. The prevention focus (vs. promotion focus) were hight in a positive behavior intention when the descriptive norm message was given. Conclusions - This study verifies the main effect and interaction effect of descriptive norm message and regulatory focus on the consumers' intention of reception in permission marketing, and persuasive message in the online store context. The results of this study will provide various advantages to companies that want to establish long lasting relationship with customers by carrying out permission marketing in the future.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.137-153
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research the influence of experienced school violence as a victim on the coping behavior of adolescents and to investigate moderating effects of self regulatory ability which are the desirable coping behaviors as protection factor for adolescents who experienced as victim by school violence. The subjects of this study were 319 students from year 1 to year 3 of total 6 middle schools who experienced school violence as a victim in Daegu and the research tool is questionnaires which are consist of general characteristics of the subjects, experience of school violence scale, self regulatory ability scale, family healthy scale and coping behavior scale. In order to analyze the data of the study, factor analysis, relational regression, linear regression analysis and moderated multiple regressions were used. The main results of this study were as following. First, there was significant correlation between the adolescents who experienced school violence, self regulatory ability and the coping behaviors. Second, adolescents who experienced school violence as victim act more aggressive coping behavior than other coping behavior. Third, while experience of school violence as victim influence adolescents' coping behaviors, it was found that self regulatory ability affect role in the regulation. cognitive self regulatory ability are in charge of controlling the aggressive coping behaviors.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

The computational discovery of transcription factor binding site is one of the important tools in the genetic and genomic analysis. Rough prediction of gene regulation network and finding possible co-regulated genes are typical applications of the technique. Countless motif-discovery algorithms have been proposed for the past years. However, there is no dominant algorithm yet. Each algorithm does not give enough accuracy without extensive information. In this paper, we explore the possibility of combining multiple algorithms for the one integrated result in order to improve the performance and the convenience of researchers. Moreover, we apply new high order information that is reorganized from the set of basis predictions to the final prediction.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.336-341
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• 2011

T cell receptor (TCR) signaling plays a critical role in T cell development, survival and differentiation. In the thymus, quantitative and/or qualitative differences in TCR signaling determine the fate of developing thymocytes and lead to positive and negative selection. Recently, it has been suggested that self-reactive T cells, escape from negative selection, should be suppressed in the periphery by regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing Foxp3 transcription factor. Foxp3 is a master factor that is critical for not only development and survival but also suppressive activity of Treg. However, signals that determine Treg fate are not completely understood. The availability of mutant mice which harbor mutations in TCR signaling mediators will certainly allow to delineate signaling events that control intrathymic (natural) Treg (nTreg) development. Thus, we summarize the recent progress on the role of TCR signaling cascade components in nTreg development from the studies with murine model.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.341-354
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• 2018

The one of the principles described in ICH E9 is that only results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in a protocol are regarded as confirmatory evidence. However, in multi-regional clinical trials, even when results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in protocol are significant, it does not guarantee that the test treatment is approved by regional regulatory agencies. In other words, there is no so-called global approval, and each regional regulatory agency makes its own decision in the face of the same set of data from a multi-regional clinical trial. Under this situation, there are two natural methods a regional regulatory agency can use to estimate the treatment effect in a particular region. The first method is to use the overall treatment estimate, which is to extrapolate the overall result to the region of interest. The second method is to use regional treatment estimate. If the treatment effect is completely identical across all regions, it is obvious that the overall treatment estimator is more efficient than the regional treatment estimator. However, it is not possible to confirm statistically that the treatment effect is completely identical in all regions. Furthermore, some magnitude of regional differences within the range of clinical relevance may naturally exist for various reasons due to, for instance, intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Nevertheless, if the magnitude of regional differences is relatively small, a conventional method to estimate the treatment effect in the region of interest is to extrapolate the overall result to that region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects produced by this type of extrapolation via estimations, followed by hypothesis testing of the treatment effect in the region of interest. This paper is written from the viewpoint of regional regulatory agencies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1573-1576
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• 2010

Bacillus subtilis PerR is a metal-dependent peroxide-sensing transcription factor which uses metal-catalyzed histidine oxidation for peroxide-sensing. PerR contains two metal binding sites, one for structural $Zn^{2+}$ and the other for the regulatory/peroxide-sensing metal. Here we investigated the effect of mutations at both the structural and regulatory metal binding sites on the oxidation of either H37 or H91, two of the peroxide-sensing ligands. All four serine substitution mutants at the structural $Zn^{2+}$ site (C96S, C99S, C136S and C139S) exhibited no detectable oxidation at histidine residues. Two of the alanine substitution mutants at regulatory metal site (H37A and D85A) exhibited selective oxidation preferentially at the H91-containing tryptic peptide, whereas no oxidation was detected in the other mutants (H91A, H93A and D104A). Our results suggest that the cysteine residues coordinating structural $Zn^{2+}$ are essential for peroxide sensing by PerR, and that the C-terminal regulatory metal binding site composed of H91, H93 and D104 can bind $Fe^{2+}$, providing a possible explanation for the peroxide sensing mechanisms by PerR.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.73-92
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of influence between luxury brand value and preferences according to consumers' regulatory focus. For data collection, research questionnaires were responded by females consumers living in Pusan and Ulsan. The collected data were analyzed according to the frequency-factor analysis using SPSS 14.0 for windows Package, the factor analysis using Varimax, reliability analysis, T-test, multi-regression analysis, and chow-test. The results were as follows: First, Based on an independent samples t-test, It was found that prevention-oriented respondents were significantly more qualify value and economic value than promotion-oriented respondents, promotion-oriented respondents were significantly more aesthetic value than prevention-oriented respondents. Second, concerning the worth of luxury brands that aesthetic value, qualify value, economic value, conspicuous value, and emotional value significantly affected the consumers' preference about luxury brand. On the other hand, only social value of the luxury brand did not have a significant effect on the consumers' preference about luxury brand. Second, the study was to investigate whether the luxury brand value has an effect on the brand preference depending on the consumer's regulatory focus. The results showed that there were different perceived values of luxury brand preference between the promotion-focused and the prevention-focused consumers. The promotion focus group had the effect on conspicuous value and emotional value, while the prevention focus group had the effect on quality value and economic value for luxury brand preference.