• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

With the expansion of the development and use of surveying equipment recently, by the establishment of infrastructure for network RTK surveying of the NGII, network RTK surveying has been widely used in surveying industry. Currently, in public surveying regulations, site calibration with minimum 5 evenly spaced bench marks is needed for using network RTK surveying results as leveling. But the range between and the number of bench marks for site calibration can be varied according to the geoid undulation. In this study, in order to verify this, Incheon area having regular geoid undulation and Taebaek area having irregular geoid undulation are selected as study area and network RTK surveying have been done. Then the accuracy of site calibration by range between and the number of bench marks have been compared. As a result of this study, in order to meet a tolerance of vertical precision (0.1m) that has been set in public surveying regulations, there is a necessity for improving the regulations so that the range and number of bench marks, to be used for site calibration of network RTK surveying, can be applied complementarily.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.785-815
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• 2013

This paper analyzes the three issues related to the effect of environmental regulations on the Korean trades with gravity equation model: the effect on the Korean exports, the bilateral trade flows between the Korea and the trade partners, and the Korean international competitiveness. For all three issues we carried the empirical tests with fixed effect estimation methods for total industries, non-pollution industries, pollution industries, and also 16 individual pollution industries. We use industry panel data for the 120 largest trading countries with Korea for the years 2000-2010. The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is used as the proxy variable for the environmental regulation. The empirical result shows that while GDPs of both Korea and its trading partners are very important factors affecting positively the Korean trades for all industries, the environmental regulation of the importing country would be a definite trade barrier to the Korean pollution industries, but not a definite one for the non-pollution industries. In addition, the stricter environmental regulations of Korea's trade partners would weaken the Korean international competitiveness of Korean pollution industries. In this regard, the Porter Hypothesis would have not appeared in the Korean trades of pollution industries during the period observed in this study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of the country's governance on the revenue efficiency in the banking sectors of 42 Islamic banks in 15 countries offering Islamic banking and financial services. Technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks were analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The Ordinary Least Square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. With robustness check, the study assesses the impact of bank regulations and supervision on the efficiency of Islamic banks operating in different regions. The empirical findings suggest that supervisory power, activity restrictions, and private monitoring positively influence the efficiency of Islamic banks. On the other hand, we observe a negative impact of capital requirement on Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. The findings indicate that supervisory power, activity restrictions, and private monitoring positively influence the efficiency of Islamic banks in Asia, but vice versa on capital requirement in MENA countries. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge by assessing the types of reforms in bank regulations and supervision that work best for Islamic banks in order to increase the level of efficiency and the level of regulations and supervision of Islamic banks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.193-214
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze enactment of China's old and rare books management. For the purpose, the review on China's legal system and management related to old and rare books were studied. And this study investigated 4 laws, 6 administrative regulations, 4 sector regulations, and 13 administrative normativity papers. Among those, 5 major sources for old and rare books management were identified as follows : 1) China's National Civilization Protection Law in 2013, 2) China's Old and Rare Book Organization Directive in 1989, 3) Regulation on Management of Research, Organization, and Publication of Old and Rare Books in 1986, 4) Standards on Grading Classification of Civilization Collections in 2001, and 5) Provisional Regulation on Civilization Auctioning in 2003. Based on the analysis of these sources, this study deduced implications in terms of Chinese old and rare books management such as the necessity to give considerations to 1) the importance of old and rare books management policy, 2) nationwide old and rare books management, 3) expansion of eduction and training of human resources, 4) establishment of institution specializing in old and rare books, and 5) special management of science of Chinese medicine.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-60
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• 2014

In domestic university libraries, the difference between the knowledge resource collection activities on campus is depending on the size of the university, and their collection is concentrated on some types of digital resources. In recent years, the main universities in developed countries has developed actively in social openness and share activities of their knowledge resources, through the OA-based institutional repository, for the purpose of image improvement and competitiveness as a knowledge production base. This study examined ways to improve the relevant regulations in order to effectively collect and systematically manage the knowledge resources from graduate school, research institutes, center for teaching and learning, e-learning center, museum, press, a variety of campus organizations, so as to enhance the role of the library as the right manager of knowledge resources on campus. To this end, this study, considering the improvement of relevant regulations, investigates the operating situation of the library regulations of 176 universities and suggests necessary improvement methods in order to facilitate the digital legal deposit and expand its scope.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-150
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• 2003

This study aims to survey whether local governments have legislated laws and regulations on environment impact assessment system, to compare and analyze specific projects and their scale, assessment items, and procedures & discussion process, to identify issues and generate improvement plans, and to suggest a direction for future legislation to local governments that plan to legislate laws and regulations in the future. Major outcome of the study are as follows. First, terminologies used for environment impact assessment by local governments need to be unified. Also, laws and regulations need to be legislated soon. Second, in "urban development project" areas, a total of nine project areas including "quarrying of soil and stone, sand, gravel, and minerals" was essential common projects. A total of six project types were added or newly established compared to national systems. Among them, four project types were added within national-level project areas and two project types were not available under the national-level project areas and newly added due to the nature of local governments. Third, in terms of project scale, scale enhancement of "urban development project" was most common. Analysis showed that in case of clean natural environment such as Cheju Island, it is necessary to consider reinforcing project areas where development activities take place directly in forests or rivers such as "industrial base and complex development", "water resource development", and "development of tourism complex." Fourth, the discussion and review procedures of assessment reports were similar to those at government level. However, in case of Seoul city, it is required to write a "preparation plan" before drafting an assessment report. The city features partial introduction of scoping and screening, which allows to exempt discussion procedures if impact on environment is found to be minimal after drafting the assessment report. In case of national-level, it has a dual system that is split between Ministry of Construction and Transportation and Ministry of Environment. However, in case of environment impact assessment of local governments, it is a single system where city mayors and provincial governors are in charge of both project execution and environmental assessment. Therefore, the most important task is how to satisfy objectiveness and accountability.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2011

Since appearance of smart devices and cloud computing services, the social and economical values of administrative information have been magnified as valuable information. In order to make better use of various administrative information by diverse government organizations efficiently and effectively, information sharing based on legal systems is essential because of several obstacles including privacy. To suggest practical ways for using administrative information, this study categorized the administrative information sharing process, and analyzed the regulations and legal systems that are contradictory to the regulations. The result of analysis appears that there is a need of legislative base for well-defined business use of information, and a need of the organizations, that available to collect and manufacture the information. The results of this study can be expected to make legislation contributions not only for industries, but also by suggesting the policy making and guidelines to protect privacy and improve the quality of citizens' life.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

Although emission regulations have been gradually strengthened in the past decade, the road transport section remains the most important source of NOx emission in air pollution. One reason is that there has been an increase in the proportion of diesel vehicles and in the volume of traffic. In addition, the certification procedure for standard emission limit does not sufficiently reflect real traffic condition and various driving patterns. Therefore, the European Commission(EC) has recently come up with the RDE-LDV(Real driving emissions-light duty vehicle) regulations, and the Ministry of Environment in Korea has been conducting research on evaluating RDE-LDV with PEMS(Portable Emission Measurement Systems). According to the trip requirements of the 2nd RDE package announced by the EC, the objectives of the present study include the development of Korean RDE routes to reflect domestic traffic and road conditions. Based on the results, both RDE routes are in correct compliance with RDE-LDV regulations, including trip requirements and trip dynamics. KOR-NIER Route 1, in particular, has a higher driving load in rural driving with regard to excessive gradient of elevation compared to KOR-NIER Route 2, including relatively plane rural driving.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

Air pollution associated with the SOx emission from the shipboard propulsion and generation engines is becoming one of the major environmental concerns these days. Lead by the international organizations including IMO and European Union, a significantly strengthened air pollution related regulations have been introduced and they are becoming in practice as scheduled. Such rules are basically giving the guidelines for permissible SOx emission which can be only met by using high quality fuel oils with less sulfur content or operating scrubbing systems aiming at reducing SOx at the engine exhaust. Since both countermeasures can lead to the cost increase in ship building and operation, Korean shipbuilding industries, leading the world's market, need to be well aware of the ever changing regulations and be prepared with proper solutions. Here, we briefly summarize such latest rules and regulations on the air pollution at sea, and review some technical issues on the scrubbing systems available with some suggestions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.509-517
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• 2011

Recently, large scale of the damage from the natural disasters are occurring frequently such as Japanese and New Zealand's earthquake. Collecting information quickly and accurately from damaged area is important for effective react in emergency situations. UAV is effective method to collect information because it can fly low attitude and spend small operational costs/time. In this study, collecting data about the UAV regulations are analyzed for effective UAV operation in disaster detection. And Improvement of Regulations were proposed about Problem of UAV Operation. Regulation of UAV for disaster detecting is not exist. But It's possible to classify into Ultra Light Plane. So addition of some clauses like definition, scope and air-borne equipment for UAV will be needed. Also, it is difficult to manage effectively because of process about flight permission, therefore it is need to enact exceptional regulations to solve this problem. More analytical research based on applications of UAV operation for disaster detection will be present improvement of disaster detection and damage investigation.