• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare hepatotoxicity of each treatment for dermatophytosis; one is the administration of the ketoconazole only and the other, ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimeththyl-dicarboxylate. Have chosen the range of 14-24 months of healthy dogs divided by two groups (group 1 and group 2) for the experiment of which test proved positive in dermatophytosis diagnosis and showed normal reaction in terms of physical examination, blood chemistry and especially of liver function. Group 1 was administrated ketoconazole orally at 10 mg/kg/day and of same dose of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate for group 2. After administering, we have tested two groups by blood collecting every one week in order to check the differences of hepatotoxicity state through AST, ALT and r-GTP, the barometers of liver function which lasted for 12 weeks. Moreover, tested Indocyanine Green (ICG), known as susceptible gauge of function of excretion before starting the experiment and tested ICG as well after 12 weeks. The experiment of result the value of group 1 in AST, ALT and r-GTP has been highly rised after administering ketoconazole for 10 weeks meanwhile, of group 2 has shown a steady state troughout the whole experiment. For ICG test, we injected 0.5 mg/kg of ICG into a vein for both groups and tested the retention rate at regular interval of 15, 30, 45 minutes. The results of retention rate in two groups were similar to before the drug administration. However, after 12 weeks the retention rate of group 1 has been delayed, on the other hand, retention rate of group 2 were a steady state. In conclusion, the administration of ketoconazole only for a long period of time induced hepatotoxicity where as, the administration of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate didn't induce hepatotoxicity. Therefore, when doctors prescribes for a dog with dermatophytosis should not administrate ketoconnazole itself but with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate and one who has abnormal condition of liver function should not be prescribed ketoconazole treatment. If there is a case needed to prescribe ketoconazole treatment, the regular monitoring should be accompanied by at the same time.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2007

Purpose : This is a study on the actual state of instructing in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in hospitals, so lays its purpose on providing basic materials for instructing in CPR by understanding the actual state of instruction in CPR for paramedics or first aide persons in hospitals. Result : 1. As a result of examining the actual state of instruction in CPR operation during the past 3 months, 89.3% of the subjects answered that they receive regular instruction. 2. As the number of CPR instruction during one year, the majority of them, 96.0% answered that they have instruction more than one time a year. 3. As answers to their desired first-aid instruction to receive by allowing duplicated responses with 4 items, instruction in CPR and respiratory obstruction for adults was 18.2% occupying the highest proportion followed by instruction in first-aide treatment for traumas with 17.7% and in how to use the AED with 16.3%. Suggestion : First, it is thought that instruction in CPR should be conducted on a continuous basis and the number of instruction should increase. Second, one should provide first-aide persons with proper instruction in CPR operation by developing time tables and protocols for instructional programs, and also make it possible that they can learn various skills by increasing the number of instruction.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete structures strongly depends on the value of the compression concrete strength used for the structural components. Given the uncertainties involved on the materials quality provided by concrete manufacturers, in the construction stage, these components may be either over or under-reinforced respect to the nominal condition. If the structure is under reinforced, and the deficit on safety level is not as large to require the structure demolition, someone should assume the consequences, and pay for the under standard condition by means of a penalty. If the structure is over reinforced, and other failure modes are not induced, the builder may receive a bonus, as a consequence of the higher, although unrequested, building resistance. The change on the building safety level is even more critical when the structure is under a seismic environment. In this research, a reliability-based criteria, including the consideration of expected losses, is proposed for bonification/penalization, when there are moderated differences between the supplied and specified reinforced concrete strength for the buildings. The formulation is applied to two hypothetical, with regular structural type, 3 and 10 levels reinforced concrete buildings, located on the soft soil zone of Mexico City. They were designed under the current Mexican code regulations, and their responses for typical spectral pseudoaccelerations, combined with their respective occurrence probabilities, are used to calculate the building failure probability. The results are aimed at providing objective basis to start a negotiation towards a satisfactory agreement between the involved parts. The main contribution resides on the explicit consideration of potential losses, including the building and contents losses and the business interruption due to the reconstruction period.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2017

범죄 위험을 예방하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 옥외활동 하는 보행자들이 범죄자들의 공격을 받는 경우 중의 하나는 비정상적인 건강상태이다. 술에 만취하여 정상 보행을 지속하지 못하는 심신미약 상태가 노출되었을 때, 범행 대상이 되는 경우가 범죄 사례 분석을 통하여 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 옥외활동에서 감지할 수 있는 개인의 상태 추정 방안을 제안한다. 센서와 센서의 이벤트 정보전송을 위하여 별도의 단말기를 장착하는 불편을 피하기 위하여 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 3축 가속도 센서를 이용하여 비정상적인 상태를 추정할 수 있는데, 3축 가속도를 통하여 측정한 각 축으로의 운동량을 산출하고 시간의 흐름에 따라 분석함으로써 사용자의 상태를 추정할 수 있다. 시간의 흐름을 일정한 간격으로 구분하고 각 시간대역에서의 활동 패턴을 인지하고 정상과 비정상을 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비정상 상태를 구분하기 위하여 가속도 센서의 각 방향으로의 운동량과 운동에너지 총량을 계산한 것과 에너지 총량을 푸리에 변환한 값을 비교하여 평가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2010

Today, the importance of environmental education is a matter we are all concerned about. The environment surrounding us, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil plants grow in, is critical for our survival. Currently there is a lot of interest in environmental education at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. This is a result of the deep recognition of the importance of the environment. However the environmental education being conducted in schools is not yet at a satisfactory level. The practical issues, including an entrance exam-oriented atmosphere, student' and parents' lack of understanding, and teachers' lack of expertise in environmental education, interfere with the stability of environmental curriculum in the schools. Accordingly, we need to devise an alternative environmental curriculum due to the fact that it hasn't been included as a regular subject in the curriculum of many national schools. This study, carried out from April to December 2009, was an examination of the effect of volunteer work at the place of ecology experience on the environmental sensitivity & state-trait anxiety of the 61 Gifted Students. The students were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 30 gifted students who did volunteer work at the place of ecology experience run by Ulsan Science High School, in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The control group consisted of the rest of the students. The following are the study results: First, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in increasing the environmental sensitivity of the gifted students. Second, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the state anxiety of in gifted students. Third, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the trait anxiety of in gifted students. Fourth, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience positively influenced not only the gifted students' view of environmental education, but also their overall character.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 2020

Objective : Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease, and lumbar discectomy (LD) is a common neurosurgical procedure. However, there is little previous data on return to work (RTW) after LD. This study investigated the period until the RTW after LD prospectively. Clinically, the pain state at the time of RTW also checked. RTW failure rate 6 months after surgery also investigated. Methods : Patients with daily/regular jobs undergoing LD between September 2014 and December 2018 were enrolled. Pain was assessed by the Oswestri Disability Index (ODI) and the Numeric Rate Scale (NRS). Employment type was divided into self-employed, regular and contracted. Monthly telephone interviews were conducted to check RTW status and self-estimated work capability after surgery. Results : Sixty-seven patients enrolled in this study. Three patients failed to RTW, and three others resigned within 6 months after surgery. The preoperative NRS and ODI were 7.2±1.2 and 22.1±7.9, respectively. The average time to RTW was 5.1±6.0 weeks. At RTW, NRS was 1.5±1.8 and ODI was 6.3±3.9. Amongst patients that successfully returned to work were 16 self-employed workers, 42 regular employees, and three contracted workers. The time to RTW of self-employed, regular, and contracted workers were 5.9±8.8, 4.2±4.3 and 13.3±2.3 weeks, respectively (p=0.011). Thirty-six of the patients that returned to work self-reported a 22.8±15.6% reduction in work capability at 6 months. Conclusion : RTW may vary depending on the employment status. In this study, we found that while employment type may affect the length to RTW, most patients were able to RTW and >40% of patients reported no loss of work capabilities 6 months postoperatively, hopefully alleviating some patient hesitation towards LD.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 공공도서관 노인 서비스 현황을 노인 이용자들과 사서들의 인식 조사를 통해 파악하고 이를 토대로 보다 나은 공공도서관 노인 서비스를 위한 실질적 제언을 하고자함에 있다. 노인 이용자와 사서들의 노인서비스에 대한 인식 조사를 위해 ALA 서비스 가이드라인을 활용한 인터뷰를 진행하였으며 인터뷰자료는 질적 분석방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 노인 이용자들은 다음과 같은 열 가지 사항이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다: 첫째, 노인 이용자를 위한 다양한 맞춤형 평생교육 프로그램, 둘째, 평생교육 프로그램 강사진의 우수한 자질과 이의 유지를 위한 정기적인 평가, 셋째, 다양하고 새로운 정보자원의 제공, 넷째, 도서관 서비스 및 프로그램에 대한 적극적 홍보, 다섯째, 도서관 직원의 친절한 태도 및 전문성 유지, 여섯째, 정기적인 도서관 직원 교육, 일곱째, 노인 이용자의 도서관 이용 편의와 활성화를 위한 이용자 교육, 여덟째, 노인 이용자를 위한 맞춤형 자료, 시설 및 설비, 아홉째, 여가 시간 활용을 위한 공간으로서의 도서관의 역할, 열 번째, 노인 이용자를 위한 편리한 맞춤형 도서관 서비스. 이에 덧붙여 도서관 사서들은 다음의 네 가지 사항이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다: 첫째, 노인 이용자를 위한 맞춤식 서비스와 프로그램, 둘째, 노인 이용자를 위한 장서, 시설 및 설비, 셋째, 노인 서비스를 위한 예산 확보, 넷째, 노인 서비스를 전담할 수 있는 전문 인력. 두 집단 모두 노인이용자를 위한 맞춤 서비스, 프로그램, 장서, 시설, 설비가 필요하며 노인 서비스 전문 사서와 이들을 위한 정기적인 교육이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필수적이라고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 일부 치과종사자들의 근무환경 및 건강습관에 따른 근골격계 증상 경험률과 근골격계 증상의 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 2009년 3월 9일부터 3월 28일까지 충청도에 소재한 치과종사자 200명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문법을 실시하였으며, SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 연구대상자의 1년간 근골격계 증상 경험률을 신체부위별로 나누어 보면 어깨 60.5%, 하지(다리, 무릎, 발) 57.0%, 요부(등, 허리) 56.0%, 목 51.0%, 상지(팔, 손목, 손가락) 32.0%, 순으로 조사되었다. 2. 일반적 특성별 근골격계 증상 경험을 살펴보면 성별, 연령, 학력, 직위, 건강상태에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 근무환경에서는 근무경력, 일평균 진료환자수, 일평균 근무 시간수, 진료시 자세, 근무 만족도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 건강습관에서는 규칙적인 운동, 정기검진, 규칙적인 식습관에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이의 보였다. 3. 근골격계 증상에 미치는 영향요인을 분석한 결과 근무환경 특성에서는 근무만족, 건강습관 특성에서는 규칙적인 운동 요인이 근골격계 증상 경험에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.440-446
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• 2004

Interest in in vitro study of entomopathogenic fungi, including Cordyceps species, has been increasing due to their valuable bioactive compounds and biocontrol effects. Among Cordyceps species, in vitro stromata of C militaris has been successfully produced and cultivated for industrial purposes. However, genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C militaris has not been carried out yet. Here, relationship between mating system and perithecial stromata formation of C militaris is reported. Mating system was determined by observing perithecial stromata formation from mono-ascospore cultures and their pair-wise combinations. Certain combinations of mono-ascospore strains produced perithecial club-shaped stromata, whereas other combinations produced either no stromata or only abnormal non-perithecial stromata. Similarly, mono­ascospore cultures without combination produced either no stromata or only abnormal non­perithecial stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, self-fertility was occasionally observed in few strains of C militaris. These observations indicated that C militaris behaves as a bipolar het­erothallic fungus and requires two mating compatible strains in order to produce regular club­shaped perithecial stromata, a fundamental requirement for its industrial cultivation.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.449-464
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• 2016

Catastrophe models appraise the natural risk of the built-infrastructure simulating the interaction of its exposure and vulnerability with a hazard. Because of unique configurations and reduced number, mid/high-rise buildings present singular challenges to the assessment of their damage vulnerability. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the vulnerability of mid/high-rise buildings (MHB) which is used in the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, a catastrophe model developed for the state of Florida. The MHB vulnerability approach considers the wind pressure hazard exerted over the building's height as well as accompanying rain. The approach assesses separately the damages caused by wind, debris impact, and water intrusion on building models discretized into typical apartment units. Hurricane-induced water intrusion is predicted combining the estimates of impinging rain with breach and pre-existing building defect size estimates. Damage is aggregated apartment-by-apartment and story-by-story, and accounts for vertical water propagation. The approach enables the vulnerability modeling of regular and complex building geometries in the Florida exposure and elsewhere.