• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2005

The intuitionistic fuzzification of the notion of a bi-ideal in ordered semigroups is considered. In terms of intuitionistic fuzzy set, conditions for an ordered semigroup to be completely regular is provided. Characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals in ordered semigroups are given. Using a collection of bi-ideals with additional conditions, an intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideal is constructed. Natural equivalence relations on the set of all intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup are investigated.

• 기록학연구
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• 제49호
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• pp.299-325
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• 2016

이 글에서는 마을기록물의 중요성과 유형 및 소장처, 수집과 보존, 활용 방안에 대해서 살펴보았다. 마을기록물은 주민의 일상 활동을 실증하며 마을의 역사와 문화를 규명하는 데 기여하며 구술의 불완전성을 보완하는 마을문화의 자원이다. 마을기록물을 수집하기 위해서는 그것의 유형과 소장처, 존재방식에 대한 이해가 있어야 한다. 마을기록물은 자치조직의 활동에서 생산된 기록물, 주민의 개인기록물, 마을 안팎에 존재하며 마을사를 증거해 줄 수 있는 기록물을 전체적으로 고려해야 한다. 마을기록물의 수집방법은 정기적 수집과 비정기적 수집 그리고 일반적 수집과 적극적 수집으로 분류할 수 있다. 마을기록물은 마을기록관에 보존하는 것을 지향해야 한다. 마을기록물은 주민의 삶의 질과 정서함양에 도움을 주며 책 자, 포스터, 달력, 홍보물, 상징물, 학술 및 교육, 전시, 디지털콘텐츠, 마을사의 사료 및 히스토리마케팅의 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

Purpose - Despite the structural irrationality of multi-level transportation and the oil price rise, the domestic freight transportation market continues to grow, mirroring the rise in e-commerce and resultant increase in courier services and freight volumes. Several studies on courier services have been conducted. However, few studies or statistics have been published regarding regular freight services although they have played a role in the freight service market. The present study identifies the characteristics of regular freight service users to seek competitiveness enhancement measures specific to regular freight services. Research design, data, and methodology - IPA is a comparative analysis of the relative importance of and satisfaction with each attribute simultaneously. This study used IPA because it facilitates the process of analyzing importance and performance, deriving implications and a visual understanding of results. To enhance the competitiveness of regular freight services, this study surveyed its current users regarding the importance of the regular freight service factors. A total of 200 copies of a questionnaire were circulated and 190 copies were returned. In addition to demographics, respondents answered questions about the importance of and satisfaction with services on a 5-point Likert scale. Excluding 3 inappropriate copies, 187 out of 190 copies were analyzed. PASW Statistics 18 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 20 question items were selected for the service factors presented in the questionnaire based on the 1st pilot survey and previous studies. Results - According to the IPA performed to compare the importance of and satisfaction with service factors, both importance and satisfaction are high in the 1st quadrant, which involves the economic advantage of using regular freight services, quick arrival at destinations, weight freight handling, and less time constraints on freight receipt/dispatch. This area requires continuous management. Satisfaction is higher than importance in the 2nd quadrant, which involves the adequacy of freight, cost savings over ordinary courier services, notification on freight arrival, and freight tracking information. This area requires intensive investment and management. Satisfaction is lower than importance in the 3rd quadrant, involving the credit card payment system, courier delivery service, distance to freight handling sites, easy access to freight handling sites, and prompt problem solving. This area requires further intensive management. Both importance and satisfaction are low in the 4th quadrant, involving the availability of collection service, storage space at freight handling sites, kindness of collection/delivery staff, kindness of outlet staff, and easy delivery checks. This area is a set of variables should be excluded from priority control targets. Conclusions - Based on the IPA, service factors that need priority controls because of high importance and low satisfaction include the credit card payment system, delivery service, distance to freight handling sites, easy access to freight handling sites, and prompt problem solving. The findings need to be applied to future marketing strategies for regular freight services and for developing competitiveness enhancement programs.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2002

The supermolecular structures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), and their blend were investigated with optical microscopy and small angle light scattering. With increasing the crystallization temperature, incomplete spherulitic texture was developed for the PET samples. At a high crystallization temperature of 220 $^{\circ}C$, the light scattering pattern represented a random collection of uncorrelated lamellae. The general morphological appearances for the PEN samples were similar to that of the PET. A notable feature was that the spherulites of the PEN formed at 200 $^{\circ}C$ showed regular concentric bands arising from a regular twist in the radiating lamellae. The spherulitic morphology of the PET/PEN blend was largely influenced by the changes of the sequence distribution in polymer chains determined by the level of transesterifcation. The increased sequential irregularity in the polymer chains via transesterification caused a morphological transition from a regular folded crystallite to a tilted lamellar crystallite.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of repeated blood collection on the amount of vitamin E in serum and liver of the rats fed standard diet. Rats (Sprague Dawley strain) were fed standard were fed standard diet for several weeks. Blood was collected with on improved cardiac puncture method at regular intervals . The amount of vitamin E analogs were measured by the HPLC. 1) The growth curve of all groups was normal, but bodyweight gains of group II were significantly decreased in case of 7 week- rats whose blood was collected at intervals of two weeks. 2) The amount of vitamin E analogs in serum of rats during growth increased, but continuos blood collection could not affect on the amount of vitamin E in serum. Especially, in the group I serum vitamin E equivalent were significantly higher in case of 7 weeks than first week. 3) The amount of liver vitamin E analogs were changed irregularly, and especially, $\alpha$-Tocopherol equivalent were significantly higher in group II then other groups.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 공공도서관 노인 서비스 현황을 노인 이용자들과 사서들의 인식 조사를 통해 파악하고 이를 토대로 보다 나은 공공도서관 노인 서비스를 위한 실질적 제언을 하고자함에 있다. 노인 이용자와 사서들의 노인서비스에 대한 인식 조사를 위해 ALA 서비스 가이드라인을 활용한 인터뷰를 진행하였으며 인터뷰자료는 질적 분석방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 노인 이용자들은 다음과 같은 열 가지 사항이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다: 첫째, 노인 이용자를 위한 다양한 맞춤형 평생교육 프로그램, 둘째, 평생교육 프로그램 강사진의 우수한 자질과 이의 유지를 위한 정기적인 평가, 셋째, 다양하고 새로운 정보자원의 제공, 넷째, 도서관 서비스 및 프로그램에 대한 적극적 홍보, 다섯째, 도서관 직원의 친절한 태도 및 전문성 유지, 여섯째, 정기적인 도서관 직원 교육, 일곱째, 노인 이용자의 도서관 이용 편의와 활성화를 위한 이용자 교육, 여덟째, 노인 이용자를 위한 맞춤형 자료, 시설 및 설비, 아홉째, 여가 시간 활용을 위한 공간으로서의 도서관의 역할, 열 번째, 노인 이용자를 위한 편리한 맞춤형 도서관 서비스. 이에 덧붙여 도서관 사서들은 다음의 네 가지 사항이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다: 첫째, 노인 이용자를 위한 맞춤식 서비스와 프로그램, 둘째, 노인 이용자를 위한 장서, 시설 및 설비, 셋째, 노인 서비스를 위한 예산 확보, 넷째, 노인 서비스를 전담할 수 있는 전문 인력. 두 집단 모두 노인이용자를 위한 맞춤 서비스, 프로그램, 장서, 시설, 설비가 필요하며 노인 서비스 전문 사서와 이들을 위한 정기적인 교육이 노인 서비스 발전을 위해 필수적이라고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2008

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived stress on cognition in the community elderly. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 40 senior residents at the hall for the elderly in S City. The period of data collection was from June 19 to July 7, 2006. The tools of data collection were Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Results: Cognition showed significant differences according to gender education, and regular exercise. Cognition was significantly correlated to stress and age. Stress was significantly correlated to orientation, recall, and attention/calculation. In the results of stepwise multiple regression, factors affecting cognition were stress, age, and gender. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare health promotion programs that can reduce stress level in the community elderly.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1995

A C$\^$$\infty$/ manifold is a pair (M, C) where a) M is a Hausdorff topological space such that every point $\chi$$\in$M has a neighborhood homeomorphic to an open subset of R$^n$. b) C is a collection of these homeomorphisms whose domains cover M. If ø, $\psi$ $\in$ C then ø o $\psi$$\^$-1/ is C$\^$$\infty$/. c) C is maximal with respect to (b).(omitted)

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the health status(present illness, ADL and IADL), health perception, and health promotion behaviors of low-income elderly who are receiving the visiting nurse service in the community. Method: The sample of the study was 735 elderly over 65years old with basic livelihood security, who were conveniently selected from 245 public health centers nation-wide. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire through interviews by visiting nurses. Result: The average number of present illnesses in the study subjects was 4.18. The average scores of ADL and IADL were 15.903.39and 9.772.97 respectively, which indicates a relatively independent everyday life. However, $64.2\%$ of the subjects perceived their health status as 'not healthy'. In terms of health promotion behaviors, $77.8\%$ of the subjects had ceased smoking, $83.9\%$ stopped drinking, $56.4\%$ had a regular diet, $45.8\%$ received regular physical check-ups during the past two years, and $66\%$ received flu shots. Approximately $50\%$ of the subjects were practicing 3-4 health promotion behaviors. Significant factors associated with health promotion behaviors were ADL, IADL and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Health promotion programs which focus on regular diet, exercise, and regular physical check-ups should be developed to improve independence of everyday life and quality of life among low-income elderly.